
OassjECAzia. 

BookJL7 






/. 




ADVERTISEMENT. 

The author of this work, teaches and translates the 
Spanish and English languages, either abroad, or at 
No. 2, Courtland Street, Baltimore. \ 



AVISO. 

Traduce y ensena el autor de esta obra, las lenguas 
Castellana e Inglesa, tanto afuera como en su ofieina 
en la Calle de Courtland, No. 2, Baltimore. 



AVIS. 

L'auteur de cet ouvrage traduit et enseigne les 
langues Espagnole et An^laise, soit chez les personnel 
qui I'honorent de leur confiance, soit chez. lui rue 
Courtland, No. 2, Baltimore, 




ADVERTISEMENT. 

The publisher has for sale, at his book-store, No. 138 
Market street, the following Spanish books, by the 
author of this work. 

A new Spanish Grammar, adapted to every class of 

learners, 2d edition. 2 dollars. 
The Spanish and English Conductor, being a series of 

familiar dialogues and commercial letters. 75 cents. 
A new Pocket Dictionary of the Spanish and English 

languages. 2 vols. 3 dollars and 50 cents. 
Gramatica Castellana, adaptada a todo sistema de en- 

senanza, &c. 1 dollar. 
Also, a variety of other Spanish books. 



ADVERTISEMENT. 

The author has ready for press, and will soon 
publish, three different books of his system of trans- 
lation — adapted to the French, Latin, and Greek lan- 
guages. 



the r!i, GR * MMAR °' ""H* the North American Review 

he Baltnoore Gazette, and the United States Literary Gaze'tl' 

speak in the following terms. } Gazette, 

From the XLVH. Jft. „„*, jvVfA A»eri c «„ ft**. 

*2Kl££? m r h a , bility - b " h in re ^ * *■ -<-<>- 

goage, depends very mneh on the readiness with whic7he may b ' 
come acquamted with the verbs and syntax That ,e, rih! 
all beginners, the different nses of the vertVann 11 """ '° 
has laboured with earnestness and ^l Z rTiTu T^ 
plained the difficulty with as much cLJl JZZ\ * "* 

of the subject will admit probably, as the nature 

eom^utm l^ZZ^T^ T" "^ ^^ 
- also selections ^^^^^^'^1^ 
year he has published a grammar in sw..k • ! \ ! G IaSt 

American tnarke, T a !j£Zl^^*.*?* 
try. we cannot hnt w,h a success j-t^^^J^ 

*" ■*' r<wi < A * Baltimore Gazette. 

new work. Mr. Cubi has had the advanta J o7mLh / "* 

instructor of the language, since the H^Zl"'^ 
-r. He appear,,, have minutely noted the difficuitiea experS 



by his numerous scholars, and has explained them in the most satis- 
factory manner. Those great obstacles 10 the rapid progress of the 
student, the irregular verbs, the differences between ser and estar, 
and the personal pronouns, are removed by the ample elucidations of 
the author. The alphabetical list of the former, the full explanation 
and copious notes on the latter, make them plain to the dullest com- 
prehension. 

Some questions of pronunciation have likewise been investigated, 
on which much dispute formerly existed. The disposition of the ex- 
ercises has been altered materially for the better. The declensions 
ef the nouns and verbs are all of them translated, which is essentially 
necessary for the English learner; and what is invaluable to a person 
who wishes assistance in translating, and who is prosecuting the study 
of the language by himself, a copious index of each point treated of in 
the work is added. This last is of itself an improvement entitling the 
second edition to great praise. In every point of view, this work may " 
be looked upon as by far the best now before the public for the useful 
purposes for which it is intended. 



From the United States Literary Gazette. 
Mb. Cubi has made many important additions and improvements 
in his second edition, which give evidence of much care and exertion; 
and we cheerfully recommend it to all, who are desirous of obtaining 
a thorough knowledge of the Spanish language. 



TRADUCCION. 

Hi publicado el autor de esta obra una segunda edieion de su Grami- 
tica EspcVhola Inglesa; sobre la cual ban pasado !as opiniones sigui- 
entes, la Revista Norte-Amerieana, la Gaceta de Baltimore, y la 
Gaceta Literaria de los Estados Unidos. 

Estracto del No. XLVII. de la Revista Norte- Jimericana. 

Mucha habilidad ha desarrollado ei autor en la eombinacion metd- 
dica de su materia, y en las esposiciones claras de los prineipios y d)5- 
cultades de su idioma. Se encuentran sus miras bien esplicadas en el 
Prdlogo; pues solo por 61 se ve, que ha estudiado escrupulosanaente 
su materia, y adquirido mucha pnictica por la espeviencia. Esta gra- 
matica tiene primacia sobre caantas hemos visto, tanto por las eonju- 
gaciones enteras, y listas copiosas de los verbos irregulares, como por 
la ilustraeion que en ella se hace de las reglas de la Sintacsis, por 
medio de observaciones, notas y egemplos mui bien elegidos. Son 
de la mayor importancia estos pantos, por depender el adelantamiento 
del discipulo, en el estudio del idioma Castellano, 6 cuaiquier otro, de 
la facilidad con que pueda enterarse de les vervos y de la Sintacsis. 
Con asiduidad e ingenio ha trabajado el autor en remover el obstdculo 
terrible que presenta el uso propio de Sep y Estar; y probablemente 
lo ha efectuado con la perfeccion que podia permitf rselo la materia. 

Ha publicado en este pais el Senor Cubi un Diceionario portatii, 
sacado de los mejores legicdgratbs, y designado como a manual para 
los principiantes, y una recopilacion de estraetos de autores clasicos 
Castellanos. Durante el alio pasado tambien did a luz una Gramiitica 
Castellana, intentada para ios Americanos del Sur. A un Gaballero 
que posee tales prendas, celo^ y laboriosidad, no podemos m^nos de 
desearle los sucesos que su ahinco y desrelos se merecen. 



De la Gaceta de Baltimore. 
Acaba de darse a luz la segunda edieion de esta obra elemental, y 
si no fuera por el titulo, podria pasar por una produccion ent* ra- 
raente nucva. Desde que parecio la primer impresion, se ha valido 
el autor de la esperiencia que le ha proporcionado su ensenanza; pues 
hanotado con grande escrupulosidad v ecsactitud, las dificultades que 
1 



sc han ido proporcionaloiente presentando a sus muchos disclpulos, y 
las ha esplicado con la mayor destreza y claridad. For las amplias 
ilustraciones que se han dado, quedan enteramente vencidos aquellos 
grandes obstaculos que en los verbos irregulares, la diferencia de Ser 
y Estar, y los pronombres personales, se presentaban al discipulo. 
Las listas alfabeticas que se han dado de aquellos, y las esplicaciones y 
notas que se han hecho sobre estos, han puesto al alcance del enteu- 
diraiento mas torpe estas partes de gramatica. Hanse averiguado tam- 
bien varios puntos de ortografia, que hasta ahora habian sido origcn 
de muchas controversies, y las mejoras que los temas 6 egercicios han 
rc-cibido, les han dado gran preeminencia. Se encuentran en el lado 
opuesto de la declinacion de los nombres, y conjugacion de los verbos, 
sus respectivas traducciones, que ofrecen las may ores \entajas al dis- 
cipulo; pero lo que presenta facilidades inestimables al que traduce, 
6 sigue el estudio del idioma por si mismo, es el indice copioso, de que 
se ha aumenlado esta obra. Finalmente bajo cualquier aspecto que 
se vca esta gramatica, debemos considerarla como la mas preeminente 
de cuantas se ban ofrecido al publico, para los fines utiles que se 
intenta. 



De la Gaceta Liter aria de los Estados Unidos. 
Muchas son las adicioncs y majoras, que el Senor Cubi ha hecho en 
la segunda edicion de su gramatica; y al misrao tiempo que resultan 
de ellas ventajas importantes, hacen conocer los desvelos y esmero 
del autor. La recomendamos pues con el mayor placer, a cuantos 
deseen profundizar el idioma Castellano. 



TRADUCTION. 

L' Auteur de et ouvrage a publie une seconde edition de sa Gram- 
maire Espagnole et Anglaise, sur la quelle, la Revue de I'Amerique 
Septentrionale, (the JVorth American Review.) la Gazette de Balti 
more, et la Gazette Litteraire des Etats-Unis, out emis Ies opinions 
suivantes. 

Extrail du No. XLVII. de la Revue de VAmerique Septentrionale. 
L'auteuk a montre beaucoup d'habilete dans 1 'arrangement metbo- 
dique de ses materiaux, et en exposant aussi clairement que possi- 
ble, les principes et les difficultes de la construction grammaticale 
de la langue Espagnole. Ses vues sont tres-bien expliquees dans la pre- 
face, ou Ton voit evidemment qu' il a etudie son sujet avec soin et 
que 1 'experience lui en a fait acquerir une parfaite connaissance pra- 
tique. Cette grammaire est decide me?it sup'erieure a toutes celles que 
nous avons vues, dans la conjugaison complete des verbes; elle l'est 
encoi'e par une copieuse liste des verbes irreguliers; par la demons- 
tration des regies de la Syntaxe; enfin, par des explications, des 
notes et des exemples tres bien choisis. Cela nous semble particu- 
lierment digne de remarque, puis que le succes de l'ecolier, en etu- 
diant la langue Espagnole, aussi bien que toute autre langue, depend 
presque entierement de la facilite avec laquelle il peut apprendre les 
verbes et la Syntaxe, L'auteur a travaille avec ardeur et assiduite a 
applanir I'obstacle que presente I'usage des verbes Ser et Estar; et 
il y a reussi autant que la matiere le permettait. 

Mr. Cubi a publie dans ce pays, comme nianuel pour les com- 
mengans, un Dictionnaire portatif, tir^ des meilleurs lexicographes; 
il a donne, de plus, des extraits des Classiques Espagnols. Et, dans 
le cours de l'annec derniere, il a livre au public une grammaire Es- 
pagnole principalement destinee pour I'Amerique du Sud. Nous ne 
pouvons done nous empecher de soubaiter a un auteur qui possede 
autant de talens, de zele, et de capacite que Mr. Cubi, tout le 
succes que lui meritent et 3on ardeur, et ses efforts. 



De la Gazette de Baltimore. 
Os vient de publier la seconde edition de cet ouvrage elementaire, 
et si ce n'etait le titre, il pourrait passer pour une production entiere- 
ment nouvelle. Mr. Cubi, depuis la premiere edition, a acquis 



beaueoup d'experience comme instructeur. On voit qu'il a saisi avec 
finesse et exactitude les differentes diiiicultes que ses nombreux 
^coliers ont rencontrees, et il les a expliquees de la maniere la plus 
satisfaisante. L'auteur, par des eclaircissements aussi clairs qu' eten- 
dus, a aplam le grand obstacle qui s'opposait aux progres de l'ecolier, 
lors qu'il voulait appliquer les verbes irreguliers, Ser et Estar, ainsi 
que les pronoms personnels. La liste alpbabetique qu'il a donnee des 
premiers, et les explications et les notes qu'il a faites sur les seconds, 
ont mis ces differentes parties de la grammaire a la portee de 1 'esprit 
le moins penetrant. Quelques difficultes de prononciation sur les- 
quelies, jusqu'a present, on n'etait point d 'accord, ont ete approfon- 
dies. L'ordre des tbemes a ete avantageusement cbange. On a tra- 
duit ies deciinaisons des noms, et les conjugaisons des verbes, ce qui 
etuit indispensable a l'ecolier. Ma-is ce qui facilite encore plus celui 
qui traduit ou qui veut apprendre cette langue par hii-?neme, c'est de 
trouver dans l'index, qui a 6te ajoute a cette grammaire, une lumi- 
neuse indication de toutes les matures traitees dans l'ouvrage. Cet 
index, est, par lui-meme, une amelioration qui augmente singuliere- 
ment la valeur de cette seconde edition. Au surplus, sous quelque 
point de vue que Ton considere cet ouvrage, il repond parfaitement 
aux intentions dans lesquelles il a ete compose, etant le meilleur et 
le plus utile de cette sorte, qui soit maintenant entre les mains du 
public. 



De la Gazette Litleraire des Etats Unis. 
Ce qui prouvc jusqu'k I'evidence avec combien de zele et de cou- 
rage Mr. Cubi continue a travailler, ce sont les importantes aug- 
mentations et ameliorations qu' il a faites a la seconde edition de sa 
grammaire. Nous la recommandons done avec plaisir, a tous ceux 
qui de9irent obtenir une parfaite connaissance de la langue Espagnole, 



EL 



TRADUCTOR ESPANOL; 



A NEW AND PRACTICAL SYSTEM 



FOR TRANSLATING THE 



SPANISH LANGUAGE. 



BY MARIANO CUBI Y SOLER. 



PUBLISHED BY F. LUCAS, JUN'R. 

M. 138 Market street. 

1826. 



?o 



13 



•Al 



BISTRICT OF MARYLAND, <• ?«Jb 

BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the twelfth day o i Dece mbet , .n 

Ihe fiftieth year of the Independence of the Limed States 

*****+"**% of America.- Mariano Cubi y Soler. of, the said *«net,l*h 

| SEAL. | deposited in this office, the title of a ^k, the neht^hereet 

t********** he claims as author, in the words following, to*it. 

-El Tradactor Espanol; or, a new and practical system for translating the 
SnanUh Lan«-ua?e. By Mariano Cubi y Soler. 

.be time, therein ^"""^r,^! 1 V?he en'ou^raen. of learning., 
nentarj to an act, entitled, 'An M : lot the ento S* an( , propne . 

,ecu-in s the cop.e. of maps, Cham ami ?»«^^'° ri<)ned .. and extending 

s? iSLs? ssstrs £ ss^*'" 1 -»■* ""• 

torical and other prints." PHILIP MOORE, 

Clerk of th * District of Maryland. 



John D. Toy, printer. 






7. ~~ ," / - -,i ~ Ty>" L N 
jrrainuat n 
:. alrov jiK. 5r it prefe ^ou: Eaint tt til 

"ol maniiesieL ior n " — _ : 

muirtriii;. iiif sn ^21111 vm vtuci t_ ol hoi 

m* — v-..-;i :--:_ v -; - :<-.-_■■ _— mine 

ai. mrnresstoi non xr i>e Diiiiter; 

. Tin - _ . - • . .. . _Tf facilitate tnt acouis- 
llqi q ag HHctivf iaiv ...- Eh gnat nation. Tour irifim&r 
— * -: "•":. H.1H,. •-- ; mr ardour, ^wnen almost 

«rtmi«rt«fl Jyrp.iTr'-!iT"f efrorii ailC. It tni5 I'c^SZ produJCtioii; 

i ori% rum-ex me 11 
aruunut t»sf. l&sssfVE it then ae & tribute of our inenosnir 
iimpii:. iitomc L-or^es: 

tarns r 'wil ■- - . tutu 

^rdaici 

5r 
Tmr Dbedten: nuniDtt 

v :~: 7 -.1.17 



PREFACE. 



In proportion as mankind advance towards refine- 
ment and elegance, the study of languages, appears to 
become more useful and necessary. Many of the 
sciences owe their origin to the ancients, and a great 
part of the most sublime existing literature, has been 
handed down to us, from the remotest periods. We see, 
on the other hand, that as political revolutions give rise 
to new interests and idioms, and the spirit of im- 
provement, is continually expanding the range of dis- 
covery — the mutual relation between the different parts 
of the globe, occupies a wider space, and becomes 
more important. 

To be truly eminent in any study or profession, 
no one will deny, that the origin of science must be 
traced, and the primitive beauties of diction felt, 
and that, to accomplish this, a knowledge of the an- 
cient languages, is indispensably necessary. It may 
also be fairly presumed, that much success would not 
attend the labours of the individual, who, with the 
assistance of one language only, should endeavour to 
attain a profound knowledge of general literature — 
to be an exact observer of the march of the human 
mind — to hold an advantageous intercourse with foreign 
people — or to examine accurately the customs and ha- 
bits of other nations. 






vi PREFACE. 

Languages, therefore, however derided by the ap- 
pellation of the "pursuit of the idle and the curious," 
imperiously demand the attention of those, wJio aspire 
to eminence in any of the careers of life. So much does 
intellectual improvement depend on them, that a great 
man has not yet been found, whose energies were not 
roused, or whose talents were not improved, by some 
model of literary or scientific excellence. Models of 
this kind have multiplied, as languages have increas- 
ed. He who, five hundred years since, to become an 
orator, could only resort to a Demosthenes or a Ci- 
cero, has now in addition, a Burke and a Pitt — a 
Bossuet and a Massiilon — a Granada and a Leon. 
In the same manner, the merchant whose speculations 
were confined within the narrow limits of his city or 
of his country, may now carry them to the extremities 
ot worlds, at that time, unknown. 

Impressed with these reflections, it soon occurred 
to the author, that immense benefits would result, if, 
by some simple method, the acquisition of languages 
could be facilitated. Translation, being considered 
that branch, in the study of a language, on which 
all others depend, became the first object of his at- 
tention. His thoughts were consequently engrossed 
by a plan, which, while it would be consonant with 
the tender and growing capacity of youth, would also 
afford every possible facility to any one, who should wish 
to prosecute the study of a language. With views like 
these, the author did not venture on his undertaking, 
until he had availed himself of every suggestion which 
he could obtain from experienced professors, or emi- 
nent individuals — until he had made a study of every 
system of translation, distinguished by any useful 



PREFACE. vii 

invention— until he had followed the student, step 
by step, through the crowd of difficulties and perplex- 
ities, which frequently beset his path, and always im- 
pede the course of his progress. 

This plan has been first applied to the Spanish, this 
being the language of more immediate importance to 
this extensive community. That this new system will 
perfectly correspond with the purposes for which it is 
intended, the author will not pretend to determine. 
He will, notwithstanding, explain the nature and ar- 
rangement of his labours, that some conclusions may 
be formed concerning their practical utility. 

As progress, however rapid, is gradual, and the 
mind of man, however stupendous, improves by de- 
grees, the author has commenced his work by some easy 
moral lessons. These are followed by a few instruc- 
tive anecdotes, heroic actions, and sprightly witticisms, 
all noted for purity and simplicity of style. Now the 
student is supposed to have acquired some know- 
ledge of the mechanism of translation, and he enters 
into narrations. After narrations, come descriptions, 
portraits, and characters, which, being more brilliant 
in language, are also more difficult to translate. 
Speeches, comparisons, invocations, are compositions 
of a higher order than the former, and have therefore 
been placed next in succession. The work then con- 
cludes by some allegories, fictions and select pieces of 
poetry, which increase the collection to 124 pages. 

It being one of the designs of this work, to form the 
taste of the student, few extracts have been admitted 
into it, which were not master pieces in their kind, and 
did not come from the pen of Granada or Cervantes — 
Solis or Quevedo — Gracian or Garcilaso—- Mariana or 



viii PREFACE. 

Feijoo — Saavedra or Melendez — Olavides or Cadalsp. 
These are proud ornaments of the Spanish literature, 
and it is in the immortal works of these authors alone, 
that the language can be found in its native splendour 
and idiomatic purity. 

The author will now proceed to expose the means 
he has used, to place, through the medium of these 
models, the translating of the Spanish idiom, within 
the reach of the American or English student. 

The difficulty in distinguishing the verb in all its 
various ramifications of moods, tenses and persons, 
from other parts of speech, has often been found to im- 
pede the progress of young students. Hence, perhaps, 
arise the reluctance with which they sometimes at- 
tempt, and the facility with which they frequently re- 
linquish, the study of a foreign language. To obviate 
this inconvenience, all the verbs which occur in this 
work have been printed in Italic characters. 

Every language, if compared with another, will pre- 
sent many uncommon modes of expression, known un- 
der the appellation of idioms. Of these, no useful selec- 
tion can be made. They are subject to constant modifi- 
cation, and, according to their position in a seatence, to 
a variety of meanings. Every nicety of idiom has its 
peculiar place, and the most elegant expression, if not 
appropriately applied, may become an inaccuracy of 
language. Detached modes of expression are, there- 
fore, like detached words, which, if we cannot connect 
and use, the greater number we acquire, the more they 
encumber the mind. To obviate the difficulties Which 
this part of language presents to the beginner, every 
nicety of expression, or intricacy of grammar, has been 
fully explained as it occurs. Thus, theory is joined te 



PREFACE. ix 

practice, and those obstacles, which, so long as they 
are not removed by oral explanation, throw even the 
most zealous student into languor and despondency, 
will, in this work, form new incentives for the prose- 
cution of his labours. 

In noting the difficulties which the learner encoun- 
ters, as he progresses in a language, none has more 
forcibly struck the author, than the unavoidable defi- 
ciency of dictionaries. Participles and tenses of verbs 
constitute two thirds of a language, yet, they are not, 
nor can they be, included in any lexicon, unless it be 
swollen to an unwieldy size. If the student happens, 
therefore, to have forgotten the root of any branch of a 
verb, which, the most tenacious in memory, will not 
always retain, he is immediately bewildered. Proper 
names present also no inconsiderable bar to his improve- 
ment. The meaning of a whole sentence frequently 
depends on an accurate knowledge of a fictitious per- 
sonage, or an unknown writer — of a remote river, or an 
obscure place. These words are generally spelled dif- 
ferently in various languages, and even when they hap- 
pen to agree, they sometimes cannot be found in im- 
mense encyclopeedias. Parsing, is allowed by all pro- 
fessors, to be the only means, by which, in translation, 
any solid advancement can be made. Yet, every ex- 
perienced instructor knows, that in the manner in 
which grammars and dictionaries are, or perhaps can 
be, made, the meaning of a page must be known, be- 
fore it can be parsed. We are, therefore, deprived 
of the means, which, in the acquisition of a language, 
are considered the most effectual; and the beginner is 
led into a labyrinth, the moment he is obliged to under- 
stand through the medium of analysis.. 
2 



* PREFACE. 

To be thus entangled, in any one of these intrica- 
cies, creates, in young learners, unless endued with 
superiour powers, that disgust of application, that feel- 
ing of distress, which is so apparent when they are 
called on to study. If, under these circumstances, the 
instructor is one of those who think that youth must 
learn by intuition, and instead of clear explanations, 
employs rude usage, the young student is left to linger 
for years, afraid of his preceptor and appalled by his 
task. 

It has long been the wish of the author, and it is 
now the chief design of this work, to remove all these 
obstacles. He has, therefore, used means, which, it is 
fondly hoped, will be found equal to the object. Every 
word contained in the extracts, whether proper or 
common, primitive or derivative, has been carefully 
selected, and systematically divided into ten lessons, 
The first of these, contains every word, verbs except- 
ed, of one syllable, alphabetically arranged. In the 
second, are words of two syllables, and thus, progressive- 
ly, until the fifth lesson, which contains the remaining 
words, of five, six, seven syllables. It has been con- 
sidered expedient, on account of the long explanation 
of the mood, tense, person, number, and origin, to di- 
vide the verbs from every other word. They are, con- 
sequently, placed separately, and divided like the pre- 
ceding words into verbs of one syllable, verbs of two 
syllables, &c. 

The author has been particularly careful in giving a 
tull analysis of every part of speech. Thus, in the 
pronouns, the case in which they are placed, and the 
source from which they are derived, have been ex- 
plained. As to the participles, not only the verb 



PREFACE. xi 

from which they have been formed, will be found, 
but whether they be absolute or adjectified, used as 
substantives, or as any other word. Respecting the 
verbs, every particular concerning them has been fully 
given. 

From the words thus divided into syllables, many 
benefits will result. A particular part of speech may 
now be found with great facility, as it will always be 
contained in a comparatively small list. Spelling, in 
counting the syllables^ will become necessary; and 
this study, more than any other, can give the learner 
that full, sonorous, and clear pronunciation required in 
reading or speaking the Spanish language. By this 
arrangement, any words may also, without inconve- 
nience, be committed to memory. In such a case, the 
student will enjoy the great advantage of always find- 
ing the particular part of speech he wishes to remem- 
ber, variously applied, in the extracts. 

On a certain vowel of every Spanish word, consisting 
of more than one syllable, an emphatic stress is laid. 
This vowel is sometimes distinguished by an acute 
accent — but, in general, no sign whatever is given. 
That the student may never be at a loss to know on 
what vowel to lay this stress, so important in the ac- 
quisition of the Spanish language, every word con- 
tained in the ten lessons, has been regularly accented. 

Fully convinced that it is through the medium of 
our understanding alone, we can attain any know- 
ledge — the author has always explained, never perform- 
ed, the task of the student. Hence it will, invariably, 
be found, that in this work, facilities cease, when appli- 
cation becomes necessary. A student may, for exam- 
ple, find the full meaning of every word, and the ex- 



xii PREFACE. 

planation of every difficulty, still these are but auxilia- 
ries to his conception of the meaning of a sentence — the 
meaning of the sentence has not been conceived for him. 

The price of an elementary book, in a country like 
this, where the lights of education are so extensively 
diffused, is a matter of no inconsiderable importance. 
It is peculiarly gratifying to the writer, that, in this 
respect, his production offers the two greatest advan- 
tages. It can be purchased at a comparatively trifling 
expense, while, to accomplish the ends for which it is 
intended, the immediate necessity of a dictionary, or 
any other work, is entirely superseded. 

Perfection, however desired, has not probably been 
attained in the execution of a work, in which, from a 
confused mass of words, alphabetical lists were to be 
formed, and . from a maze of idiomatic perplexity, clear- 
ness and perspicuity, were to be produced. Some 
words contained in the extracts, may have been omit- 
ted in the vocabulary — some, may have been mispla- 
ced — and some, may have been printed in Roman or 
Italic characters, when the contrary should have been 
effected. A few difficulties of idiom, might perhaps 
have been better elucidated, and a few intricacies of 
grammar, more clearly explained. These, however, ape 
defects of very little importance; they are seldom dis- 
covered; and when they are, they can readily be sup- 
plied. 

To conclude these few remarks, the author will 
observe, that, in this undertaking, it has been his ar- 
dent desire to be useful. Whether, amidst the crowd 
of his professional avocations, this wish has merely 
been a pleasing delusion to beguile his literary toil, or 
a hope, which practical experience will realize, let 
the event decide. 



CONTENTS. 



LECCIONES MORALES. 



Prudencia, , 

Justicia, 

Fortaleza, 

Templanza, 

Benevolencia, 

Conmiseracion, 

Beneficencia, 

Ira, 

Desesperacion, 

Venganza, 

Tristeza, 

Alegria, v . 

Modestia, 

Inquietud, 

Ingenuidad, 

Esperanza, 

Urbanidad, 

No se debe Hablar 

Guardate de mentir 

No ostentes el Saber, 

No se debe siempre hablar lo que se sabe 



mucho. 



Felics Verela. 
. idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem. 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem. 
idem 
idem. 
Feijoo. 
idem, 
idem, 
idem. 



ANECDOTAS INSTUUCTIVAS 
Henrique VIII. y un obispo, . . . Cecilio 

El amigo fiel, 

El niiio gachon, 

El Hombre Benefico, ..... 
El Viejo Religioso, . . . 

Juanot y Colin, 

Valor de la amistad, 



de Corpas. 

idem. 
. idem. 

idem. 
. idem. 

idem. 
• idem. 



Page. 
1 

2 

S 
ib. 

4 
ib. 
ib. 

5 
ib. 

6 
ib. 
ib. 

7 
ib. 

8 
ib. 

9 
ib. 
10 
11 
ib. 



IS 
ib. 
14 
15 
18 
20 
23 



xiv 



CONTENTS, 



RASGOS HEROICOS. 

Valentia de Aretafila, 

Gran accion de Manilla, 

Virtud de Blanca de Rosi, 

Genio Marcial de Maria de Estrada, 

Sigilo de Damo, y Epicaris, 

Clemencia de Julio Cesar, 

Humanidad bel Czar, 

Integridad del Mariscal de Etre, . 

Entereza de Tomas More, 

Espiritu de Carlos Doce, 

Desinteres de Alibeg, 

Mansedumbre de Gesu Cristo, 



Feijoo. 
. idem. 

idem. 
. idem. 

idem. 
Pedro JWegia. 

Feijoo. 
. idem. 

idem. 
. idem. 

idem. 
. idem. 



CHISTES Y CUENTOS. 

La Purga de Qucvedo, 

El Valiente Ul'ano, .... 

El Medico Tunante, .... 

Respuesta de uno al Provisor, 

La larga Peticion, .... 

El Pie grande, 

El Estudiante y las Truchas, 
Replica de un Criado, 
Estratagema de un Cura, . 
Respuesta de una Dama a un Oficial, 

NAR11ACIONES. 

Penitencias de los Bracmanes, 
Penitencias de los Amidas, .... 

Las artes Divinatorias son Ridiculas, 
Comodidades del Rico y del Pobre, . 

El no se qi'je, 

Debemos Recorrer nostras acciones, 

Amemos la Virtud, 

ecompensa de los Romanos, .... 
Calaaiidades de la Alemania, Borgona, y Lorena, 
Principio de la Sociedad Civil, 
Gomo se descubre el ingenio de los Niiios, 



idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem. 



. idem. 

idem. 
. idem. 

idem. 
. idem. 
Granada. 
. idem. 
Quevedo. 

Feijoo. 
, idem. 

idem. 



Page. 
21 

ib. 

28 

ib. 

28 

29 

ib. 

30 

31 

32 

33 

35 



31 
ib. 
ib. 
39 
40 
ib. 
41 
42 
43 
ib. 



44 
45 
ib. 
46 
48 
49 
50 
ib. 
51 
53 
ib. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Invocasion delosMoros en Espana, . . . Mariana. 54 

Reino de Navarra, idem. 55 

Espanoles antiguos y Modernos, . . idem. ib. 

Sitio y Produccion de la isla de Ceilan, . Jlrgensola. 57 

Tres acciones formom la Historia de America, Solis. 53 

Muerte de Magiscatzin, ..... idem. 59 

Encuentro de Gil Bias con Chinchilla, . . . Isla. 60 

De^tierro del Conde Duque, .... idem. 61 

Historia de Espana, Cadalso. 62 



DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS Y RETRATOS. 

Juicio final, Granada. 

Moradores Celestiales, idem. 

La inmensidad del Senor, .... idem. 

Monte de la virtud, Feijoo. 

Caarcter de Chaves y sus visitantes, . . . Isla. 

Primer Salida de Don Quijote, . . . Cervantes. 

Retrato de Crisostomo, idem. 

El valle de los cipreses, . . . . . idem. 

Varias ciudades de Italia, idem. 

El famoso Ladron Monipodia, .... idem. 

Edad de oro, . . idem. 

La Gitanilla Preciosa, idem. 

Descanso de Sancho, idem. 

Situacion Pasada, de Galatea, .... idem. 

La Pobreza, idem. 

Poder del deseo de Gloria, idem. 

Ff rnando Rei de Aragon, . . . . - . Mariana. 

Don A'lvaro de Luna, idem. 

Pedro el Cruel, . . . . . . . idem. 

ARENGAS Y COMPARACIONES. 

Razonamiento de Baucio Capeto, . . . . idem. 
Razonamiento de Don Pelayo, .... idem. 
Eshortacion de Opas a Don Pelayo, . . . idem. 
Razonamiento de Montezuma a Cortes, . . Solis. 

Razomiento de Carloma2;no, .... Mariana. 
Esclamaciones de un Cautivo, .... Cervantes. 



65 
67 
69 
70 
71 
74 
ib. 
75 
76 
78 
79 
81 
82 
83 
ib. 
84 
86 
87 
89 



90 
91 
92 
93 
95 
96 



xv i Contents. 

Pag^. 

Invocacion al Todopoderoso, . • • Olavtdes. 96 

T ik* . idem. 99 

La Muerte, 

Lo que puede la educacion en los Ninos, . Saavedra. lb. 

Paralelo entre la paz y la guerra, . . • idem. 100 

ALEGORIAS Y FICCIONES. 

RepublicaUteraria, Saavedra. 101 

impresioh que trace el mundo a Critilo, . Gracian. 102 

Encueutro de un Argos M-ral, .... **% 104 

Visitadrres de Virtelia Ercantaaa, . • • lllem - 10 ° 

Reino de la inmortalidad, . . • • «** WS 

Busca un Desvalido el Engafio, .... «*»• 109 

POESIAS SELECTAS. 

^ _ T ' '^ . Garcilaso. Ill 
Queias de Nemoroso, .... 

. ,i . idem. 1 12 
Protestaciones de Albanio, . 

■ * ' . jyiehndez. 114 
La soiedatl, • 

. idem. U6 

Lasfl0r u eS > . . igZesios. 120 

LaN0Ch6 ' ' ' * - ... idem. 122 

El dia, 

, .,.,.' . . idem. i~4 
Vtrtud Militar, . 



SPANISH ALPHABET. 



Sound. 

as in art, father, arm. 

a little softer than in English, so as to approach 
the sound of v. 

like th, in thanks, thick, thorn, when placed be- 
fore e, or i; and like k, when before a, o, u, I, r. 

as ch, in charity, chin, church, cheap, check. 

as th, in then, these, those, there, than. 

as a, in cake, late, relation ; or as ai, in bail, main. 

as in English. 

with a little more force than the K, in horde,host, 
when placed before e, i; and like g, in gas, gate, 
when placed before a, o, u, I, r. 

this character is never sounded. 

as in me, feet, seen, deed. 

with a little more force than hi in horde, host. 

as in English. 

as in English. 

like li, in postilion, valiant, pavilion, rebellion. 

as in English. 

as in English. 

as ni, in union, opinion, dominion, companion. 

as in note, more, most, mode, cold. 

as in English. 

as in English. 

more thrilled than it is in English; and its pro- 
nunciation is very rough when it commences 
a word, when placed after /, n, s, and when 
doubled. 

as in English, in set, some, this, insists. 

considerably softer than in English. 

as oo, in moon, cool, or u, in rule. 

a little softer than in English, so as to approach 
the sound of b. 

X, a'-kees, as the hissing ss of bliss, hiss, miss, when placed 
after a consonant; like cs, when before a vowel 
with a circumflex accent (*) on it; and like h 
aspirate, when placed before a vowel without 
any accent. 
Y, ee-gree-a f -ghah, as in young, youth, yore; when it stands 

alone, is sounded like e, in me. 
Z, thay-tah, as th, in thorn, thump, thistle. 

In Spanish, every letter is pronounced fully and distinctly, ex- 
cept h, that has no sound, and u, in the syllables gue, gui, and 
que, qui, which are sounded ghay, ghee; kay, key 



Letter* 


. Names. 


A, 


ah, 


B, 


bay, 


c, 


thay, 


CH, 


tmay, 


D, 


day, 


E> 


eh, 


F, 


ef-fey, 


G, 


hay, 


H, 


at'-tshay, 


•*> 


ee, 


J, 


hotta, 


K, 


kah, 


L, 


ey'-ley, 


LL, 


ey f -liey, 


M, 


em'-mey, 


N, 


en f -ney, 


N, . 


en'-niey, 


o, 


oh, 


P, 


pay, 


Q, 


coo, 


R, 


er'-rey, 


s, 


es'-sey, 


T, 


tay, 


u, 


00, 


v, 


vay, 



Observations on the manner of dividing the Spanish 
Words into Syllables. 

Compound words are to be divided into their two 
component parts; as, ab-negacion, con-cavidad, pre- 
dmbulo, mal-rotar. 

When the second component part of a word begins 
with s, followed by another consonant, the s belongs to 
the first part; as, cons-truir 9 ins-pirar, pers-picaz. 

Two similar vowels coming together, must be parted; 
as, Sa-avedra, le-er; pi-isimo, co-operar. 

Two different vowels should never be separated, no 
matter on which of them, the accent is placed; as, ali- 
tor, huer-fano 9 sa-Kera, harmo-nia, guie-tud? 

When three or more vowels come together, a separa- 
tion takes place between the two unaccented and the 
one or more accented; as 9 pedi-ais 9 comtrui-ais. 

A consonant coming between two vowels, belongs to 
the vowel by which it is followed; as, a-mor, pe-na, 
le-chej ga-llo.\ 

Two consonants, coming between two vowels, are 
divided; as, al-zar 9 cas-tor 9 mdr-tir. 

But should the first consonant be the semivowel /, or any of 
the mutes, and the second / or r, both the consonants are the» 
joined to the vowel by which they are followed; as, ta-bla, co-bre, 
la-cre, an-drajo. Except, at-leta, and at-lante. 

When s is preceded by b 9 /, m 9 n, or r, and followed 
by another consonant at the same time, s must be join- 
ed to the consonant by which it is preceded; as, Ams- 
terdam. 

Four consonants coming between two vowels are 
equally divided between them; as, trans-cribir. 

* Ue, ui, when preceded by g, or q, are considered single vowels, 
t Ch and 11 are deemed only single consonants. 



AN EXPLANATION 



Of the abbreviations wed in the Vocabulary. 



WORDS. 

art. for article. 

s. singular. 

p. plural. 

m. masculine. 

/. feminine. 

subs, substantive. 

collec. collective. 

dim,' diminutive. 

eom. common. 

prop, proper. 

adj. adjective. 

num. numeral. 

sup. superlative. 

part, participle. 

abs. absolute. 

pre. present. 

adjec or, adj. adjectified.* 

substan. substantified.f 

pron. pronoun. 

pers. personal. 

poss. possessive. 

rel. relative. 

indef. indefinite. 



adv. adverb. 
prep, preposition. 
conj. conjunction. 
mterj. interjection. 

VERBS, 

inf infinitive. 
ind. indicative. 
imp. imperative. 
subj, subjunctive. 
pre. present tense. 
impf. imperfect. 
pret. preterite. 
futr. future. 
1, 2, or 3. the number of the 

person or tense. 
pn. person. 
sin. singular. 
pi. plural. 
t. verb. 
a. active. 
n. neuter. 
aux. auxiliary. 
imp. impersonal. 



Those adjectives which terminate in o, an, or on, are made fe- 
minine by the changing of o into a; and by the addition of a, to 
those that end in an or on. The rest never change from mascu- 
line to feminine; as, bueno-a, haragan-a, poltron-a. 

The plural of words is formed in Spanish by the addition of s, 
to those which end in a vowel, and es to those that end in a con- 
Sonant, or accented vowel; as, libro-s, amor-es, alholi-es. 



* Used as adjectives. 



f Used as substantives. 



EL 



TRADUCTOIL ESPANOL- 



LECCIONES MORALES. 



PRUDENCIA. 

La prudencia indica al 1 hombre lo que 2 debe s elegir, 

practicar, y omitir en cada circunstancia. Esta virtud 

no se 4 adquiere sino por la reflecsion continua que llega 

a hacemos 5 habituar kjuzgar bien. Procuremos cono- 

1 The definite articles are frequently used in Spanish when they 
are omitted in English. The sense will always tell the student 
when the article dught to be translated, and when not. The pre- 
position a is always placed before a person governed by a verb — 
hence al, which means, a el, before hombre. 

2 Lo, when used before que, means, that; lo que, should there- 
fore be translated, by that which, or what. 

3 A pronoun in the nominative case is seldom expressed in a 
sentence. See the author's Grammar, 2d ed. note 1, page 258. 

4 Se is frequently used to conjugate a verb passively, as, no se 
adquiere, is not acquired; se asalto, was assaulted. The conjuga- 
tion of a verb with se, is, in the third person, like that in English, 
by, to be; for example, se dice, it is said; la casa se quemo, the 
house was burnt; se tomard la ciudad, the city will be taken; la 
gramdtica se estudia, para aprender a hablar bien, grammar is stu- 
died to learn to speak well; que se produzca un bien, that a benefit 
should be produced. 

6 JVbs, os, le, la, lo, los, les, las, me, te, se, which are objective cases 
of personal pronouns, require sometimes to be placed after the 
verbs. When this occurs, the student will consider the verb and 
the pronoun, although attached to each other, two distinct words, 
and look for them in their respective places in the vocabulary. 
I 



2 LECCIONES MORALES. 

cer las cosas como son en si y no como las pinfan los 

hombres, y entonces podremos hacer buen uso de ellas. 

Sin embargo 1 es preciso 2 estar al tarito 3 de las aten- 

ciones de los otros para dirigir nuestras operaciones 

respecto a ellos. 

Reflecsiones Morales. 

JUSTICIA. 
La. justicia nos 4 prescribe dar a cada uno lo que le 
corresponded y es la virtud que sostiene la sociedad. 
Debemos pues no privar a otro de los bienes, honor, y 
credito que posee y tampoco se han de 5 ncgar los pre- 
mios y alabanzas que cada uno merece. Asi mismo 6 es 
preciso corregir los defectos, y castigar los delitos; 
pero de un modo 7 arreglado a 8 la prudencia, en terrai- 
nos que siempre se produzca un bien: y que el castigo 
no 9 esceda al delito; ni el premio, al merito. 

De las mismas. 

1 Sin embargo, when used as above, means, notwithstanding. 

2 Ser preciso, to be necessary; es preciso, it is necessary, or we 
must. 

3 Estar al tanto, to observe. 

4 The personal pronouns, nos, os, me, le, &c. are placed before 
the verb, except in infinitives, imperatives, and gerunds; u nos 
prescribe,'''' it prescribes to us; "se nos dice," it is said to us. 

5 Haber de, to be, to must; "se han de negar," are to be refused: 
se ha de decir, it must be said. 

6 Jisi mismo; when these two words are used together, mean, 
thus, in the same manner; also, at the same time. 

7 De un modo, in a manner. 

8 Arreglado a, conformable to. 

9 The negation, no, requires the verb to be in the subjunctive 
present, though, in English, the verb may be in the imperative, 
or subjunctive imperfect. 



LECCIONES MORALES. § 

FORTALEZA. 

La fortaleza sostiene al hombre en los peligros; le 

ensena a sufrir los males; a no vacilar en la abundan- 

cia de los bienes; y a emprender grandes obras. Pero es 

preciso que no degenere 1 en temeridad, 6 raejor dicho,* 

en barbarie; pues hai muchos que creen que son fuer- 

tes porque se esponen a todos los peligros sin necesi- 

dad, y buscan, por decir\o asi, 3 los males, para ostentar 

que pueden sufrir\os. Otros destierran de su alma la 

compasion: otros aspiran al barbaro egercicio de sus 

fuerzas contra* sus semejantes, como lo harian 4 entre si 

los animales mas feroces, y esto creen que es la virtud 

de la fortaleza. ;Que enganados vivenJ Toda virtud 

es racional y no puede inspiramos operaciones tan 

brutales. 

De las mismas. 

TEMPLANZA. 

La templanza pone unos 5 justos limites a todos nues- 

tros apetitos para que no se opongan a lo que dicta 

la razon, y manda la lei, sirviendo asi mismo para con- 

servar la saiud. No solo en los manjares, como se 

1 Degenerar en temeridad; Sac, to become rash, &c. 

2 Mejor dicho, literary, better said: used as above, rather. 

3 Por decirlo asi, as it were. 

* We find the nominative case generally placed after the verb; 
for instance, the nominative of the verb harian, is, los animales mas 
feroces; and u como lo harian los animales mas feroces,'''' should be 
translated, as the most ferocious wild beasts would do; or, as it 
would be done by the most ferocious wild beasts; "lo que dicta la 
razon, y manda la lei," what reason dictates, and law commands; 
il tiene cabida la templanza," temperance may be used. 

5 Unos, used as above, means, certaia. 



4 LECIONES MORALES. 

cree por lo comun, 1 sino tambien en los deleites de los 
demas sentidos, tiene* cabida la templanza. Nos 
enseha a usar los placeres como medios para aliviar 
nuestro espiritu; y no como obgetos en que debefijarse 
nuestra alma. 

De las mismas. 

BENEVOLENCIA. 
La benevolencia produce en nosotros una sensacion 
apacible, y en los demas, aprecio, pues, todos aman al 3 
que desea los bienes para sus semejantes. Sin embar- 
go, es preciso que no degenere en una absoluta condes- 
cendencia, y un deseo de que todos consigan lo que 
apetecen, ora sea justo, ora sea injusto. 4 

CONMISERACION. 

La conmiseracion es como el distintivo de la huma- 

nidad, pues solo las fieras no se resienten de los.estra- 

gos de sus semejantes, ni ponen termino 5 a su furor. 

Pero es preciso no confundir la conmiseracion con la 

debilidad que pretende dejar impunes los delitos y 

protegeraA malevolo. 

De las mismas. 

BENEFICENCIA. 
La beneficencia nos hace amables, pero sera indis- 
creta, si distribuimos los beneficios sin consideracion a 
las personas; pues muchas veces se conceden dones a 

1 Por lo comun, generally, commonly; "se cree por lo comun," it 
is commonly believed. 

2 Tmer cabida, to hold a place, to be used. 

3 M que, him who; el que, he who; la que, she who; a la que, 
her who. 

^ Ora sea justo, ora sea injusto, whether it be just, or unjust. 
5 Poner termino, to put an end. 



LECCIONES MORALES. o 

sugefos que no han de hacer uso de ellos, y son inu- 

tiles; 6 a personas que les dan mala aplicacion y vi- 

men 1 a ser prejudiciales. 

De las mismas. 

IRA. 
La ira convierte al hombre en una fiera privdndole 
de todo el uso de su razon. Basta dceir esto para en* 
tenderse que debe ser reprimida. Sin embargo, hai una 
ira santa que es la que escita,* en un espiritu arreglado, 3 
la vista del crimen, y la obstinacion del criminal. En 
tal caso debe arregiarse por la lei divina y humana, 
para no perder el amor natural que debemos a todo 
hombre, por el odio que merece el vicio. Jimemos al 
malo y aborrezcamos su maldad; pero mientras no se 
corrija manifestemosle el rigor que merece. 

De las mismas. 

DESESPERACION. 
La desesperacion siempre es irracional,yjamas tiene 
fundamento. El hombre debil,el hombre de un espi- 
ritu bajo, es el que no puede sufrir los males, y se 
desespera. Siempre la desesperacion proviene de la 
ignorancia, pues no se advierten* los meclios de evitarla. 
6 proporcionarld, y en consecuencia el espiritu se em- 

brutece* 

De las mismas. 

1 Venir a ser, to become. 

* The nominative case of escita, is, "la vista del crimen, y la obs- 
tinacion del aiminal." 

8 Espiritu arreglado, well regulated mind. 

* The author again cautions the student about the nominative 
case being placed after its verb. "No se advierten los mtdios de 
evitarla o poporcionarla," the means of avoiding, or regulating it, 
are not devised. 

1* 



6 LECCIONES MORALES. 

VENGANZA. 
Prueva la venganza un alma debil, y rastrera, por- 
que verdaderamente los males recibidos ho se destru- 
yen con hacer otros iguales al que los causo; y es una 
necia complacencia la 1 de no sentir los males porque 
otro tambien los sienta. Pero no se debe inferir de 
aqui que el que hace un datio se quede impun oues 
hai el recurso de aplicarle la pena que merece, no por 
venganza, sino por correction, para evitar que haga 
mavores danos. 

De las mismas. 

TRISTEZA. 
La tristeza debe moderarse* con todo empeno por- 
que un alma triste es un alma decaida 6 abatida; y en 
el abatimiento no pueden egercerse acciones grandes. 
Debemos consider ar un espiritu triste como un cuerpo 
desfallecido, que apenas puede egerccr las acciones 

mas sencillas. 

De las mismas. 

ALEGRl'A. 

La alegria ecsalta al alma, y es como el gran resorte 

de sus operaciones; mas cuando es escesiva llega a 

trastornar el espiritu y le da cierta ligereza opuesta a 

la madurez y buen juicio. Conviene reflecsionar sobre 

la inconstancia de la alegria en el mismo acto en que 

la e sperimentamos, esto servird para moderar\a. y ha- 

ce?*nos menos sensible su perdida. 

De las mismas. 

1 The definite article is used instead of the demonstrative pro- 
noun, when referring to a preceding noun or circumstance. "La 
de," that of. 

2 Debe moderarse, the same as, Debe set* moderada, should be 
moderated. See page 1, note 4. 



LECCrONES MORALES. 7 

MODESTTA. 
Port freno a tu lengua para que las palabras que 
aalgan de tu boca no alt even tu sosiego, y te propnr- 
eionen discordias. Cualquiera que habla con gusto de 
las faltas agenas, oird con dolor hablar de las suyas. 
No te alabes a ti 1 mismo porque no grangeas sino el 
menf ;recio; no procures hacer ridiculos a los otros, 
porque es peligroso empeno. Una burla picante es la 
ponzona de la amistad, y el que no puede contmer su 
lengua, no vivird con quietud. Un grande hablador 
es el azote de las concurrencias; se aflige el oido con 
su locuacidad, y generalmente enfada y molesta porque 
es su lengua como un torrente en que se anega la con- 
versacion. De las mismas. 

INQUIETUD. 
Mira el origen de la inquietud que traps, y las des- 
gracias de que te queja*, y verds que provienen de tu 
propia locura; de tu amor propio; y de tu desarregla- 
da imaginacion, Cnrrige tu interior, y no murmures 
del orden que Dios ha establecido. No te digas* jamas 
a ti mismo, si tuviera hacienda, poder y reposo, yo 
seria feliz: advierte que estas cosas tienen sus incon- 
venientes y dahan a los que las poseen* No tengas 
envidia 3 al que goza una felicidad aparente, porque no 
conoces sus penas secretas. La mayor sabiduna es 
eontentarse con poco, porque el que aumenta sus rique- 
zas aumenta sus cuidados. De las mismas. 

1 Mi, si, ti, el, ello, nosotros-as, vosotros-as, ellos-as, which are 
called second objective cases, are frequently redundantly used 
with the preposition a. 

2 No te digas, say not to thyself. Here the verb is in the impe- 
rative, but on account of the adverb, no, the subjunctive is used. 

3 No tengas envidia, envy not. 



8 LECCIONES MORALES. 

INGENUIDAD. 
El hombre ingenuo; dpsprpcia los artificios de la 
hipocresia; se pone de acuerdo consigo mismo; y ja- 
mas se emharaza en sus operaciones: tienp bastante 
valor para deeir la verdad, y )e fait a para mpntir. El 
hipocrita oppra de un modo contrario a sus sentimien- 
tos; ?sf« protundamente escomlido; da a sus discur- 
sos las apariencias de verdad, mientras que 2 la linica 
ocupacion de su vida, es el engano Es incomprehen- 
sible para los necios, pero pstd mui descubierto a la 
vista del prudente. ;0 insensauj hipocrita! las fatigas 
que paso.s para uculiar lo que eres, son mas grandes 
que las que costaria el conseguir lo que quieres parpcer. 

De las raismas. 

ESPERANZA. 
Es la esparanza una de las facultades del alma, que 
mas sirvpn a hacemoa felices en este mundo de inise- 
rias, cuando estc'i guiada por el juicio, y la moderacion. 
Dpbpwos pues desde nuestra nifiez cultivar este don 
celestial, que solo el, puede aliviar nuestras desgra- 
cias; y dutcificar la amarga copa de nuestras miserias. 
Pero al mismo tiempo ps preciso que no abatp nuestra 
actividad, 6 sirva 3 de insirumento para interceptar 
nuestros esfuerzos. La esperanza ha de ser racional; 
no vana. Hagamps pues de nuestra parte lo que se 
dpbp para que se efpctue; v degemos su ecsito al Todo 
Poderoso. C** 

1 Ponerse de acuerdo, to be consistent, to agree, to have a perfect 
understanding; as, "se pone de acuerdo consigc," he is consistent 
with himself, or, he has a perfect understanding with himself. 

* Mientras que, whilst. 

3 Servir de instrument, to be instrumental in. 



LECCIONES MORALES. 9 

URBANIDAD. 
La urbanidad es una obligacion que debe el hombre 
a sus semejantes en su trato con ellos. Es de la mayor 
importancia, pues, que los padres inculquen esta idea a 
sus hijos desde la cuna. La urbanidad pone en gran 
medida, freno a nuestras pasiones; y da, en el trato 
social, cierta delicadeza, que sin ella, los hombres 
degenerarian en brutos. No se limita este deber, como 
muchos creen, en una mera forma esterior, que se ha 
inventado para obrar segun el estado de algunos indi- 
viduos respecto de otros; no, este deber va mucho mas 
lejos. 2£s una virtud social, por medio de la cual se 1 
procura siempre no obrar ni hablar de modo que re- 
pugne a los sentimientos de las personas con quienes 
tenemos trato. Es la que ensena al juez a ser recto 
con afabilidad; al general, severo con ternura; la que 
quita toda ostentacion y orgullo al poderoso; y la que 
inspirn a todos los hombres en general a hacerse agra- 
dables por medios dulces, verdaderos, y virtuosos. 

El mismo. 

2 NO SE DEBE HABLAR MUCHO. 
Los habladores son unos tiranos odiosisimos de los- 
corrillos. El que quiere siempre ser oido y no escuchar 
a nadie, usurpa a los demas 3 el uso de uua prerrogativa 
propia de su ser. ^Que fruto sacard, pues, de su tor- 
rente de palabras? No mas que enfadar a los circuns- 
tantes, los cuales despues se desquitan 4, de lo que ca- 

1 Se procura, it is endeavoured; better, we endeavour. 

2 No se debe hablar mucho, much it is not to be spoken; better, 
we must not speak much. 

3 Ji los demas, of others, from the rest. 
* Se desquitan, revenge themselves. 



10 LECCIONES MORALES. 

lldron, hablando con irrision, y desprecio de el. No hoi 

tiempo raas perdido, que el que se sonsume en oir a 

habladores. Esta es una gente que carece de reflecsion, 

pues, a 1 tener\a,, se cnntendrian, por no hacerse despre- 

ciables. Si carecen de reflecsion, luego tambien de 

juicio: y quien carece de juicio, ;como puede jamas 

hablar con acierto? <jNi que provecho resultard a los 

oyentes de lo que habla un desatinado, esceptuando el 

egercicio de la paciencia? 

Feijoo. 

« GUARD ATE DE MENTIR. 
<jQue cosa mas inurbana que la mentira? $A que 
hombre de razon no da 3 en rostro? ,sA quien no ofende? 
<:Como el engauo puede prescindir de 4 ser injuria? Toda 
la utilidad, todo el deleite, que se puede lograr en la 
conversacion, se pierde por la mentira. Si miente aquel 
que habla conmigo, <;de que me sirven sus noticias? Si 
no las creo, de irritarme; si las creo de llenarme de 
errores. Si no estoi asegurado de que me trata verdad, 
,;que deleite puedo p^rcibir en oirle? Antes estard en 
una continuada tortura mi discurso, vacilando entre el 
asenso, y el disenso, y apurandn los motivos, que hai 
para uno, y para otro. Es la conversation una especie 
de trafico, en que los hombres se feriau unos a otros 
noticias, e ideas: el que en este comercio franquea 
ideas, y noticias falsas, vendiendo\a.s por verdaderas, 

» A, before an infinitive, is equivalent to the conjunction if, 
with any correspondent tense; as, d ttnerln, if they had it. 

2 Gudrdarse de, to take care not; as, "Gudrdate de mentir,'' 
take care not to lie. 

3 Dar en rostro, when used together, means, to reproach. 

4 Prescmdir de, to fail to be; -as, "conw puede prescindir de ser 
injuria," how can it fail to be an injury. 



LECCTONES MORALES. 11 

^que es sino un tramposo, un prevaricador, indigno de 

ser admitido en la sociedad humana? 

£1 mismo. 

NO OSTENSES EL SABER. 
La ciencia es un tesoro, que se debe espender con 
economia, no derramarse con prodigalidad. Es preci- 
oso, poseido; es ridiculo ostentado; pero bien apurada la 
verdad 1 se hallard, que nunca le poseeii lo? que le osten- 
tan. Solo los que saben poco, quieren mostrar en to- 
das partes lo que saben. No hai conversacion, donde 
sin esperar oportunidad,no soquert a plaza* sus escasas 
noticias. Entre los verdaderos sabios, y estos sabios 
de poquito, 3 hai la misma diferencia, que entre los 
mercaderes de caudal, 4 y los buhoneros. Aquelios, 
dentro de su lonja tienen los generos, para que alii los 
vayan a buscar los que los hubieren menester, estos, se 
echan a cuestas 5 su tiendecita, y no hai plaza, no hai 
calle, no hai rincon donde no la espongan al publico. 

El mismo. 

6 NO SE DEBE SIEMPRE HABLAR LO QUE SE SABE. 

Asi como hai muchos que son inurbanos por menti- 

rosos, hai algunos que tambien lo son por veraces in- 

discretos, 6 inconsiderados. Hai de aquellos, que a 

titulo 7 de desengaiiados, 6 desenganadores, sin tiempo, 

1 Jlpurar la verdad, to find out the truth; as, "Men apurada la ver- 
dad," the truth being found out, or, in truth. 

2 Sacar a plaza, to show; as, "no saquen a plaza," will not show. 

3 Sabio de poquito, babbler. 

* Mercader de caudal, a rich merchant. 

5 Echan a cuestas, to take on one's back. 

6 JVb se debe siempre hablar, the same as, no debe siempre serhabla- 
do, must not always be told, or, we must not always tell. 

7 A titulo, by the name. 



12 LECCIONES MORALES. 

sin oportunidad y contra todas las reglas de la deceu- 
cia. se toman libertad para decir cuanto sienten. Esta 
es una especie de barbarie cubierta con el honesto velo 
de sinceridad. Car act e rice mns esta gente en el pro- 
ceder de Filotimo. E* Filotimo un hombre, que a 
todas horas »os quiebra la cabeza con protestas de su 
ingenuidacl. Declama hasta apurar* el aliento contra 
la^adulacion. Ostenta su inmutable amor a la verdad; 
y esto wm % a ser como estrivillo para todas las co- 
plas, que arroj* a este, a aquel, y al otro. Echa\e en 
rostro a alguno los defectos que tiene, luego sale el 
estrWillo, de que el no ha de 8 dejar de decir* verdad 
por cuanto tiene el mundo. Oye a/«6«r a alguno, 6 5 
presente, 6 ausente, en quien el concibe algo digno de 
reprehension: suelta lo que concibe, e impropera como 
contemplates, 6 lisongeros a los que hablan bien del 

sugeto. 

Pero luego anade la cantinela ordinana de su amor a 

la verdad. El mismo. 

i Apxirar el aliento, to exhaust one's breath, or patience; as, 
"hasta apurar el aliento- until he exhausts our breath, or pa- 

tience. 

t Venir a, is frequently redundantly used; as, "viene a ser com* 

estrivillo^ is the chorus of. 

s Haber de, to have to, to be to. 

* Dejar de, to fail to; as, "el no ha de dejar de decir- he is not 
to fail to tell, or, he must tell. 

s presente, 6 ausente, either present, or abse-*. 



ANECDOTAS INSTRUCTIYAS, 



HENRIQUE VIII. V UN OBISPO. 

Indispuesto 1 el rei de Inglaterra Henrique VIII. con 

el rei de Francia, Francisco l.resolvio enviarle un erciba- 

jador encargado de decir aeste principe palabras fieras 

y amenazadoras; y para de*empenar esta comision, 

eligio a un obispo ingles, en quien tenia nrucha con- 

fianza, y creia mui a proposito para la egecucion de 

su proyecto. Luego que el prelado xupo el obgeto de 

su embajada, temeroso de perder la vida, si trutaba a 

Francisco I. del modo que qupria su amo, le represents 

el petigro a que le espurda, rogdndole con instancia 

que le ecsouerase de semejante comision. "Nada 

temas" le replied Henrique VIII.; "si el rei de Francia 

te quita la vida, yo hare cortar la cabeza a cuantos 

Franceses se halien en mis estados." "Asi lo creo 9 

senor," replied el obispo, "pero permitidme os diga, 

que de cuantas cabrzas hagcti* cortar, seguramente no 

hubrd una siquiera que siente 2 tan bien a mi cuerpo 

eomo la mia." 

Cecilio de Corpas. 

EL AMIGO FIEL. 
Un hombre respetable, que liabia hecho gran papel 
en Paris, qucdo reducido a la inmgencia, y solo se 
alimentaba de las limosnas de pan que de ocho en ocho 

1 This is a participle, used in the absolute case; the translation 
of which, requires, in English, the word being and the partici- 
ple; as, Indispueito, being on bad terms. 

2 Sentar bien, to become. 

3 



14 ANECDOTAS. 

dias le mnndaban de la parroqia. Uri dia encargo le 
enviasen mayor cantidad; Uanwle el cura,y le pn#i«tf 
si vivia solo. "e C °n quien griure'is, sefior, que yo viva," 
le respondio, "cuando todo el mundo me ha abandonu- 
cior" "Pues si estais solo," continue el cura, "jpor 
que p«dis mas pan del necesario?" Desconcertado el 
pobre, confrso que tenia un perro. El cura le mani- 
festo que el solo n\i un distribuidor del pan de los 
pobres, y que la honradez ecdgia que se deshiciev de 
su perro.— "Y bien, sefior," esclamo, "si le ofeaniono, 
•quien me amard?" Enternecido el parroco. sac6 la 
bolsa, y se la did, diciendo: "tomad, que esto me 
pertenece." El mismo. 

EL NINO GACHON. 
Cterta seiiora tmia un hijo a quien no queria eon* 
tradear pur que no se |m*»< enfermo. Los panentes, 
aminos, v aun el mismo marido, le hicieron presente que 
to I perder al chic, mas tod, fue indtil. Un dia o^ 
a su hijo //orar en el patio, con muestras de mucha 
colera. Al instante curve, y averigua que la causa es 
no-arle un criado cierta cosa que le /Win: "Bien im- 
pertmente s*is»' le tij* la seiiora, -de no rfar al nino 
lo que os V ide» "A ft mia,"» r«/>onrfu> el cr.ado 
cone bien puede Uoror hasta manuna; que no la obten- 
drcu> Aestas palabras, la seiiora se P«c«fmzo en 
terminos que/«e a bascar al marido para que castigate 
a aqupl imprudente. Su esposo, que Pr« tan debil 
con su muger, co.no es*a .con el hijo, ^ al criado: 
"lasolente. ;como teneis la desver-ienza de no ^ 

i The nominative case is vos, (you) understood. 
2 J/s mia, by my faith. 



ANECDOTAS. 15 

fcvr a la sonora?" «Es verdad, senor," contest 6 el 
criarfo, "mas la sefiora puede dar al niiio lo que pide: 
hf/ce un cuarto de hora qitiere Je de la luna, que ha 
visto reflejada en la fuente.^ A esfas palabras, todos 
se pnsieron a reir, y lo mismo la seiiora, no obstante 
su colera. Esta escena la avergonzo y corrigio en lo 
iucesivb. 

El mismo. 

EL HOMBRE BENEF1CO. 
Ibamos a Delfos, Lycas y yo, a llevar a Apolo nuestra 
tfrenda; ya diviedbamos la colina.sobre que e*td el 
templo, adornado de colunas de una maravillosa blan- 
cura, y elevado desde un bosque de laureles haeia la 
azulada boveda celeste. Mas lejos, nueslros ojos per- 
dianfa vista la imensa planicie de los mares. Era 
mediodia; la arena abrasaba nuestros pies, y a cada 
paso que ddbamos se levantaba una polvareda inflama- 
da que nos quemaba los ojos, introduciendnse por nues^ 
tros labios resecos. Asi ibamos subiendo, llenos de 
knguidez; mas mui pronto apresuramos el paso, cuan- 
do percibimos delante de nosotros, sobre el borde del 
camino, algtmos altos y espesos arboles, cuya sombra 
era t an oscura como la de la noche, Llenos de un 
pavor religioso entramos por aquel sitio, cuya boca 
Aespedia una dulce frescura, Este delicioso lugar 
efrecia 4 la vez cuanto podia recrear los sentidos. pues 
los arboles vodmban una glorieta-cle cespedes, re*ada 
por una fuente de fresca y cristaiina a ? ua; ram as 
cubiertas de peras y doradas manzanas se inelinaban 
hacia ella, y los trances de los arboles estaban cnlaza- 
dos de fertiles frutales, enanos, grosellas y morales, 
silvestres. La fuente salia a borbotones 1 del pie de un 
1 A borbotones, in stream?, 



lo ANECDOTAS. 

sepulcro rodeado de madre de selva, 1 sauces y yedra. 
";ODios!" esclame, 6 *;que delicioso lugar! Mi corazon 
bendice a aquel cuya mano benefica ha plantado e*tos 
arboles y cuyas cenizas puede ser repospn aqui." Vrd 
aqui, me dijo Lycias, algunos caracteres que apprcibn 
por entre las ramas en el borde del sepulcro: tal vez 
nos dirdn quien ha sido el que se ha dignado proveer 
al descanso del viagero fatigado. Levanto las ramas 
con su baston, y leyo estas palabras. 'Aqui yacen las 
cenizas de Amintas. Su vida solo fue una progresion 
de beneficios. Queriendo\os seguir rtispen<ando des- 
pues de su inuerte, condujo esta fuente aqui, y planto 
los arboles.* 

" jBendita sea tu ceniza, hombre generoso, y todos los 
tuyos y cuanto te pertenezcal" Diciendo estas palabras 
vik lo~lejos, por entre los arboles, una persona que se 
acercaba hacia nosotros; era una joven mui bi 11a que 
venia a la fuente con un cantaro. "Yo os saluda" nos 
dijo, con una voz graciosa "vosotros sois e at range ros, y 
estais cansados de lo mucho que habe.is andado con el 
calor que hace. Decidme gnecesitais de otros refrescos 
que aqui no hayais encontrado? "Te lo agradecemosj'* 
le dige yo, "si, te lo agradecemos, muger amable y bien- 
hechora; <;que podremos desear ya? El agua de esta 
fuente es tan pura, como las frutas deliciosas, y fresca 
la sombra. Estamos llenos de veneracion por el hom- 
bre de bien cuyas cenizas se hallan aqui; su beneficen- 
cia previno a todas las necesidades de los viageros. 
d -Tu pareces ser de este sitio; le habrds conocido sin 
duda. ;Ah! dinns, mientras repnsamos a la sombra, 
quien file este hombre virtuoso" Entonces ella se 

1 Madre de selva, or Madreselva, honey-suckle. 



ANECDOTAS. \T 

sento; puso el cantaro a su lado, y pvincipio con una 
sonrisa graciosa de este modo: 

"Pues que 1 deseais saber cjuien era el que yace en 
esa tumba, como hizo < sta fuente y planto los arboles, 
voi a Weciroslo. Amintas se ilamaba este hombre de 
bien. *&r util a los hombres y honrar a Dios, era su 
ocupacion mas dulce, y no hai sitio ninguno en estos 
alredores, donde su memoria no se reverencie con ter- 
nura; nadie, sin derramar lagrimas, puede contar los 
aasgos de su beneficencia y bondad. En sus ultimos 
dias, venia continuamente a sentarse aqui al lado del 
samino, y con su aire dulce y amable saluJaba a los 
viageros, ofreciendole* refresco a los fatigados. *jY que! ? 
dijo un dia, ^si conduzco aqui una fuente y planto ar- 
boles frutales, <:n<> aliviare mucho tiempo, aun despues 
de mi muerte, a los que, fatigados de los calores, lleguen 
aqui en el mediodia? La sombra y el agua estdn lejos 
de este sitio, e* necesario egecutar m\ designio.' Efec- 
tivamente, el, con sus propias manos, gitid el agua, y 
planto los kvboles proc.arandn que sus frutos madurasen 
en diferentes sazones. No ha tenido el gusto de ver* 
los, mas se ha paseado bajo la naciente sombra de los 
aibustitos, que prendieron y crecieron en su tiempo. 
Cuanrln el cielo llama su alma a si, para premiar su 
bpnencencia, nosotros deposit amos su ataud en esa 
tumba. para que cuantos pasamn bendigeaen sus ce- 
nizas." 

A esta relacion, llenos de respe-to, bendigimis las 
cenizas de aquel hombre estimable, di ienio a Ja pas- 
tot a: ^Esta fuente nos ha parecido bien dulce; la fres- 
cura de la sombra nos ha recreado; pero mucho mas 

1 Pues que, since. 



IS ANECDOTAS. 

nos ha sido interesante laiianacion que acabas de ha- 
cernos. ;Bendig'ar, los dioses todos los instantes de tu 
vida!" Llenos de un sentimiento religioso, dirigimos 
nuestros pasos al templo de Apolo. 

El misrao. 

EL VIEJO RELIGIOSO. 
En la tarde de un hermoso dia de verano, sail a 
pasear pa.ra.disf rut ar la frescura del campo. A pocos 
pasos, perdi de vista 1 mi heredad, y empezo a ensan- 
charse mi espiritu con los obgetos que se le pvesenta- 
ban. Ya los ganados entraban en sus rediles, y los 
bueyes con paso lento volvian a sus casas, cuando dis- 
traido me hal/e a la orilla de un lago, bastante entrada 
la noche. Contemplaba la hermosura de las aguas, la 
inmensa magestad del cielo, y e! hermoso orden y ar- 
monia-de. los seres, cuando una voz me distrajo de mis 
meditaci'ones. Volvi la vista, y adverti ceica de mi a 
un respetable anciano de rod il las, que oraba vivamente c 
Fige la atencion, y con el silencio, entendi estas pala- 
bras. 

"0 tu, de quien la naturaleza manijiesta la ecsis- 
tencia y poder infinito, padre de los hombres, desde 
e.se trono sublime rodeado de coros inumerables de 
aspiritus puros, dignaie escuchar a un debil mortal, y 
recibir sus homenages. 

En medio del silencio de la noche elevo mi voz. y 
vpngo kadorarte. inteligencia eterna, que me has sacado 
de la nada. 

El universe, gran Dlos, es tu templo, y los cielos 
inmensos la boveda de esta iglesia magnifica de que e! 
hpmbre puro e inocente es el sacerdote. 

- JP trier de vista, to lose sight of 



ANECDOTAS. 19 

jGomo, insensatos morlales, podeis denconocer esta 
sabiduria visible y universal que gobierna el mundo. 
^Como, a la vista de los globus que circulan al rede- 
dor de las nubes, de los mares prof.ndos, y de esos 
tesoros esparcidos con tanta profusion en la superficie 
de la t'ierra.,olvidais a su autor todo poderoso? 

Yo te brndiga, Dios supremo, por haberme criado en 
el campo, lejos de esas ciudades corrompidas, y de 
haberme apartado de todo orgullo y ambicion. Gra- 
cias a tu bondad paternal, gozo hace un *iglo, de los 
verdaderos bienes de la vida, la paz del alma, y la feliz 
mediocridad. 

Jamas has cesado de prodigarmz los bienes de tu 
amor; mis ultimos dias aun son mareados por tus bene- 
ficios; abundantes mieses llenan mis graneros; riegas 
mis praderfas, y mis arboles estctn esentos de las furias 
del aire. Por colmo de felicidad, "me has conservado 
mi esposa y los dos hijos que hacen la delicia de nues- 
tros dias. ;Dios mio, nada dffeo sino mnrir antes que 
ellos! Lo conozco; toco el fin de mis dias; pronto mis 
cenizas se mezclardn con las de mis padres; cuando 
esto se verifique, yo os recomiendo mis hijos; tened pie- 
dad de su tierna madre; velad sobre estos obgetos 
caros; 6 Dios mio, no los abandones jamas." 

Jlcnb'indo estas palabras, sus ojos se bandron de la- 
grimas; profundos suspiros cshalaba su corazon, y ape- 
nas respiraba. Yo crei ver entonces no se que de 
divino biillar en aquel rostro. Levantose tranquil- 
mente, y se retiro a su casa, donde yo le oi mucho 
tiempo continuar bendiciendo a Dios. 

Ya principiaba a clrtrear, los pajarillos anunciaban 
ej dia con sus cantos alhaguenos; el labrador salia com 



20 ANECDOTAS. 

su carreta, y yo, admirado de cuanto habia escuchado, 
me levante y volvi tranquiltnente a mi heredad. 

El mismo. 

JUANOT Y COLIN. 

Juanot y Colin aprcndian a leer en casa del maestro 
de la aidea; aquel era hijo de un mulatero y Colin de 
un buen labrador. Estos dos jovenes se amahan mucho, 
teniendo entre si las familiaridades que siempre se 
recurrdan con gusto, cuando despues se encuentran en 
el mundo unos amigos de escuela. 

Ya estaban para acabar sus estudios, cuando un dia 
vino el sastre a traer un rico vestido y una carta al 
senor de !a Juanoteria. Colin adndro el trage, pero sin 
envidiarle, mas Juanot dejo de estudiar; se miraba al 
espejo, tomandn un aire de superioridad enfadoso con 
Colin. Poco tiempo despues un ayuda de camrara vino 
en posta, trayendo una segunda carta al senor marques 
de la Juanoteria, que era la orden de su seiior padre 
que fuese a Paris. Juanot monto en la silla 1 vo- 
lante, alargando la mano a Colin con una sonrisa de 
proteccion noble. Colin lloro, y Juanot partio entre la 
pom pa y la gloria. 

Es precisb advertir que Juanot el padre, a fuerza 
de intrigaa, habia aduuirido rapidamente bienes in- 
m^nsos en los abastos; hacia seis meses que habia 
comprado un marquesado, cuando retire de la escuela, 
al senor marquesito, para erc£rarle en Paris en el gran 
mundo. 

Colin, siempre tierno* escribio una carta a su antiguo 
eompanero; peio el marquesito no coutesto, y Colin, 
sstuvo enfernio de la pesaUumbre. 

1 Silla volante, gig. . 



ANECDOTAS. 21 

EI seiior de la Juanoteria trataba de educar brillan- 
temente a su hijo; pero la sefiora marquesa no quiso 
que aprendiese el latin, pues 1 que en los teatros se ha- 
blaba frances; tampoco le gusto la geografia. pues que 
los postillones tienen la obligaccion de saber los cami- 
nos: en fin, se decidio que el marquesito aprendiese a 
bailar. Este, dedicado a semejantes tareas, se hizo 
un liberrino, gastando sumas inmensas en falsos pla- 
ceres, interin los marqueses padres solo se ocupaban de 
vivir como grand es senores. 

Una viuda j oven y noble, de poca fortuna, se resolvio 
knpoderarse de los bienes de los marquises, casandose 
eon el senorito. Una vieja propuso la boda. Los pa- 
dres, deslumbrados con la noble alianza, hicieron los 
preparativos. La noche del matrimonio, ya cerca 
de efectuarse la ceremonia, llega un criado mui de prisa: 
^'Senores," dijo, "yo traigo otras novedades; los acr^e- 
dores y la justicia se han apoderado de la casa; todoi 
huytn t y trato de asegurar mis salarios." ii Veumos 
que es eso," dijo el marques. *'Si," replied la viuda, 
i6 id a castigar a esos villanos." Efectivamente corre 9 
j halla a su padre preso, los criados profugos, y todo 
embargado; su mad re sola, llorando, no le respondia 
nada, sino con suspiros por sus perdidas grandezas. 

Despues que lloro con su madre, paso a casa de la 
novia, quien, enterada del suceso, le pregunto qud 
queria. El novio queda inmovil. "(jAsi abandnnais a 
vuestra madre?" dijo la viuda; "id y consoladla.; de- 
cirile que le quiero bien, y si necesito una criada, a 
ninguna mejor que a esa pobre muger dare la prefe- 
rencia." El marques, pasmado, lleno de colera, vd k 

1 Pues que. because. 



22 ANECDOTAS. 

visiter a sus amigos los que le recibieron afectada- 
inente, ddndole vagas esperanzas. En media hora 
eonocio el mundo mejor que en todo el resto de su 
vida. 

Acabado de desesperacion, vio acercarse una ber~ 
Una vi<ja con cortinillas de cuero, seguida de cuatro 
carretas mui cargadas. Venia en el coche un hombre 
riistico, pero de buena cara, con su inuger y familia. 
El \ iagero contemplo al marques inmoble j dolorido: 
<4 jO Dios!" grita, "yo creo que es Juanot." A este 
numbre, el marques alzo la vista, y el coche se detuvo. 
*'Si, es Juanot, no hai duda." El hombre se aped, j 
corre a abrazar a su companero; Juanot reconocio a 
Colin. u Tu me has abandonado." le dijo este, "mas 
aunque seas gran-seiior, yo te amare siempre." Jua- 
not, confuso y enternecido, le canto su historia. " Ven 
a la posada donde estoi," respondio Colin, "y me dirds 
el resto; abraza a mi muger, y vamos a comer juntos." 

Todos . fueron a pie, seguidos del equipage. "4A 
quien pertenece eso?" dijo el marques. " Todo es mia 
y de mi muger," contesto Colin. "Dirijo una fabrica 
de manufactura de hierro y cobre; me he casado con 
la hija de un negociante rico; trabajdmos; Dios no$ 
bendice, y somas felices. Te ayudarjemos. No spas 
mas marques, pues ninguna grandeza vale un buen 
amigo; veudrds eonmigo al campo; te dare parte en los 
negocios, y viviremos ajegres. en la tierta en. que hemos 
nacido" 

Juan se vein traspasado de dolor y alegria; la ter- 
nura y la vergiienza le deci an: 'Todos los amigos han 
sido infieles, y Colin despreciado viene solo al socorrg 
de la desgracia.' ;Que instruccion! La bondad de 
Golin desplego en el corazon de Juanot el buen natural 



ANECDOTAS. 23 

que el munilo no le habia quitado todavia, y conocid le 

era imposible abandonar a sus padres. "Nosotros 

cuidaremos de tu madre, y en cuanto a tu padre, que 

estd preso, yo entiendo de negocios, y me encargare de 

los suyos." Efectivamente, logro desenredarlz de las 

m'anos de los acreedores, y Juanot volvio a su patria con 

sus padres, que egercieron su antigua profesion; case 

con una hermana de Colin, que le hi&o feliz, y los tres 

marqueses canocieron que la dicha no estd en las vani- 

dades del mundo, 

El mismo. 

VALOR DE LA AMTSTAD. 

Ux espanol y un fiances, marineros, se kallaban 
cautivos en Argel; el primero se llamaba Antonio y el 
otro Rogerio, y la casualidad hizo los empleasen en un 
mismo trabajo. Como la amistad es el consuelo de los 
desgraciados, los dos cautivos se eonsolaban mutu- 
amente, hablaban de sus familias, Uoraban juntos, y asi 
sobre.Ilevnbun las penas a que estaban condenados. 

jEstaban trabajando en la consrruccion de un camino 
que atravpsaba una m on tana; un dia el Espanol se 
deluvo, y dejando caer sus brazos, did un profundo 
suspiro, mirando toda la estension del mar: "Amigo," 
dijo a Rogerio, "t.odos mis votos se kalian en esa 
estension de agua: ;que no pudiera utravesar\a. contigo! 
creo ver a mi ntuger e hijos que me -tlarga .-< los brazos 
desde Cadiz, o que Uoran por mi muerte." Antonio 
estaba embebido en esta imagen, y cada vez que venia 
4 la montana, miraba con inelancolia todo el espacio 
que le separaba de su pa;s. 

Un dia abrazando con transporte a su companero: 
4i mira" le dijo, "desde aqui veo un buque; el no abor± 



24 ANECDOTAS. 

dard hacia este sitio; pero, si tu qirieres, Rogerio, ma- 
iiana acabardn nuestros males y seremos libres. Si, 
manana ese buque pasard a do* leguas de la costa, y 
entonces nos precipitaremos al mar de lo alto de la 
roea: esperaremos el buque, 6 ptreceremos, pues la 
muerte es preft-rible a una cru I esclavitud." "Si tu 
puedes salvarte" respondio Rogerio, "con gusto lo 
sufrire todo; pero ve a buscar a mi padre, y si su vejez 
no le ha qui^ado la vida, d le." **jQue vuya a ver a tu 
padre!" "<;pues que pretended hacer? yono puedo partir 
dejcndote esclavo. Pero yo no se nadar, y tu si." — 
"Yo se amarte" respondio el Espanol estrechundo a Ho- 
g. rio contra su pecho; "mi vida es la tuya, los dos nos 
sa/wremos, pues la amistad me dard vigor; tu te atards 
con este ceiiidor." ii Es iniiril, Antonio, petisar en eso; 
yo no espongo a un amigo a que muera; ese ceiiidor se 
me escapara 6 te sumira conmigo en el londo." "Pues 
bien nos ahogaremos. ,;Pero a que 1 formar esos te- 
mores? La amistad sostendrd mi valor, te amo mucho 
para que dege de hacer milagros. Mas los que nos 
guardan me parecen estar alerta, y aun hai companeros 
tan viles que nos pueden delatnr. A Dios, 2 uigo la 
campana que nos llama; es preciso separamos. A 
Dios, amado Rogerio." 

Toda la noche estuvo Antonio pensando en su viage, 
crpy<nclo mui tacil el paso del mar hasta el buque. 
Rogerio al contrario se figuraba ahogado, y causante 
de la perdida de su companero. Por la manana, como 
no sacasen los esclavos a la hora ordinaria, el Espanol 
se devorabu de impaciencia, y Rogerio no sabia si debia 

1 A que, means, used as above, por que, for what reason, why. 
* ji Dios, farewell* adieu. 



ANECDOTAS. 25 

alegritrse 6 senfir este contratiempo. En fin, vinieron 
a Ueuarlqs al trabajo,y al caer del dia 1 , viendose sotos 
los dos amigos, escldmo Antonio: 6i Jlprovechemos el 
momento." "No, amigo mio, jamas padre resolverme 
a esp nerte. A Dios, a Dios, te abrazo por la ultima 
vez, sdlvate, acuerdaie de mi, no te olvides de mi pa- 
dre, consuelidtz." A estas palabras, Rogerio cayo en 
los brazos de Antonio, derramando un torrente de 
lagrimas. "Lloras, Rngerio; no ton lagrimas lo que 
ahora conviene, sino valor y espiritu; si nos detene- 
mos, somos perdidos, y lal vez jamas hallaremos dtra 
ocasion: escoge; 6 vienes, 6 me rompa la cabeza contra 
las rocas." El frances se arrodilla; pero el ofro per- 
siste; en fin, al cabo de un instante, Antonio le abraza 
tiernamente, y ganando la elevacion de una roca, se 
precipitin en el mar. Caen al fondo, suben; Antonio 
nada llevando a Rogerio, que parece oponerse a los es- 
fuerzos de su amigo, por temor de causar su perdida. 
Los que estabun en el buque, sorprehendidos de un 
espectaculo que no distittgirian bien, creian que era un 
monstruo marino lo que se acercaba a ellos. Un nuevo 
obgeto llama su curiosidad: una chalupa se apresuraba 
en seguir lo que juzgaban monstruo marino, y eran 
los soldados do la guardia de los esclavos, que trataban 
de alcanzar a Antonio y Rogerio. Este los vio venir; 
mira a su amigo que parecia debilitarse; hace un es- 
fuerzo, y se separa de Antonio, dicievdole: "nos per- 
siguen; sdlvate. y dejame morir, pues interrumpn tus 
esfuerzos." Apena-i dijo esto, cayo al fondo del mar. 
Un nu^vo transporte de amistad reanimo al Espanol,y 
abaluuzdnfiose al frances, le coge al momento de pere- 
cer, y ambos desaparecen. 

1 w2i caer deJ dia; at the close of day. 



26 ANECBOTAS. 

La chalupa, incierta del rumbo por donde debia 
marchar, se hab'ta detenido, mientras que una lancha 
enviada del navio pasaba a reconowr lo que desde el 
apenas distinguian; en fin, vieron dos hombres de los 
cuales el uno tenia abrazado al otro, esforzdndozc en 
nadar hacia la barca. Al momento void esta a su so- 
corro, y ja Antonio estaha por dejar escnpar a Rogerio, 
cuando oye gritar desde la lancha; entonces, estrecha 
a su amigo; fiace nuevos esfuerzos, y agarra con mano 
desfallecida uno de los bordes de la barca. Procsimo 
estaba a soltarse cuando los ayuddron; las fuerzas 
de Antonio estaban apuradas, y solo pudo eselamar: 
ii socorred a mi amigo; yo muero" Rogerio, que es- 
taba desmayado, ahrio los ojos, y viendo a Antonio 
tendido sin muestras de vida, se avauzo a el abrazdn- 
dole y dando gritos: "jMi amigo, bienhechor mio! ges 
posible que yo sea tu asesino? ;Ah! jpierda yo una 
vida desgraciada, habimdo perdido a mi amigo!" 

El cielo, que sin duda se conmueve de las lagrimas 
cuando son sinceras, did una muestra de su bondad en 
favor de un sentimiento tan raro. Antonio arrojo un 
suspiro; Rogerio grita lleno de jiibilo; todos se acercan 
a socorrer al desgraciado Espanol, quien, abrieudo los 
ojos y dirigie'nduUis hacia su companero, esclamo: ";he 
salvado a mi amado Rogerio!" 

La barca llego al navio, y estos dos hombres inspi- 

rdron el mayor respeto a todos. Rogerio llega a 

Francia, corre a los brazos de su padre, que piensa 

morir de alegria; y a poco fue nnmbrado gondolero de 

los estanques de Versalles. El Espanol, a quien se le 

ofrecio un destino, quiso mejor quedarte con su muger 

e hijos; mas la ausencia no disminuyo nada la amistad 

de ambos. 

Bl mismo 



RASGOS HEliOICOS. 



VALENTIA DE ARETAFILA. 
Aretafila, esposa de Nicotralo, sob< rano de Cirene 
en la Libra: en cuya incomparable generosidad se 
cempitieron el amor mas (ierno de la patria, la mayor 
valentia del espirifu, y la mas siitil destreza del discur- 
so; por librar su patria de la violenta tirania de su mari- 
do, y mngnr la muerte, que este por poseerla hafia ege- 
cu ado en su primer consorte, haciendo&e caudillo de 
una conspiracion, despiju a Nicotralo del reino, y de 
la vida. Y hgbiendo sucedido L^andro, hermano de 
Nicotralo, en fa corona y en la crueldafl, hivo valor y 
arte, para echar tambien del mundo a este segundo 
tiranu: covonando en fin sus ilustres acetones con 
apartar de sus sienes la corona, que, reconocidos a 
tantos beneficios, le efrecieron los de Cirene. 

Feijoo. 

gran accicm te marulla. 
Marulla, natural de Lemnos, vieiido en el sitio de 
la fortaleza de Cochin, muerto a su padie, arrebato su 
espada y rodela, y convocando con su egemplo, toda la 
guarnicion, en cuya frente se puso, did 1 con tanto ardor 
sobre los enemigos, que no solo rechnzo el asalto, mas 
obligo al Baja Soliman a levantar el sitio. Esta ha- 
zana, premio Loredano, gefe de aquella plaza, ddndole 
a escogrr para marido cualquiera que ella qiiisic.se de 
los mas ilustres capitanes de su egercito, y ofreciendo\e 
dote competente en nombre de la repiiblica. 

EI mismo. 

1 Dar con; to attack, to assai], to rush against. 



28 RASGOS HEROICOS. 

VIRTUD DE BLANCA DE ROS1. 

Blanca de Rosi, despues de defonder valerosa- 

mente, la plaza de Basano en la Marca Trevisana, 

viendq luego cogida la plaza por traicion, y preso y 

muerto su maririo por el tirano Ecelino, no tenicndo 

otro arbitrio, para rpsistir los impetus brutales de este 

furioso, enamorado de su belleza, se arrojo por una 

ventana. Pero despues de curada y convalecida del 

golpe, padeciendo debajo la opresion de aquel barbaro, 

el oprobio de la fuerza, satisfizn la amargura de su 

vida en el mismo sepulcro de su niarido, que para este 

efecto habia abier'co. 

El mismo. 

GENIO MARCIAL DE MARIA DE ESTRADA. 
Maria de Estrada, consorte de Pedro Sanchez Far- 
son, soldado de Hernan Coites, digno de mui singular 
memoria, por sus muchas, y raras hazafias, que rcfiert 
el Padre Frai Juan de Torquemada. Tratando de la 
rnuerte de Motezuma dice de ella lo siguiente; Mos- 
tvose mui valeroaa en este aprieto y conflicto, Maria 
de Estrada, la cual con una espada, y una rodela en 
las manos, hizo hechos maravillosos, y se entraba por los 
enemigos con tanta intrepidez, y animo, como sifnera 
uno de los mas valientes hombres del mundo; olvidaba 
de que era muger, y revestida del corage, que en casos 
semejantes suden iener los hombres de valor, y honra, 
fueron tantas las maravillas y cosas que hizo, que 
puso en espanto, y asombro a cuantos la miraban. 

El mismo. 

SIGILO DE DAMO, Y EP1CARIS. 
Pitagoras estando cercano a la muerte, entrego sus 
escritos todos r donde se contenian los mas reGonditos 



RASGOS HEROICOS. 29 

misterios de su filo'sofia, a la sabia Damo, hija suya, 
con orden de no publicarlos jamas, lo que ella tan 
puntualmente obedecio, que aun vienduse reducida a 
suma pobreza, y pudiendo vender aquellos libros por 
gran suma de dinero, quiso mas ser iiel a la confianza 
de su padre, que sa$r de las angustias de pobre. 

En la conspiracion de Pison contra Neron habiendo, 
desde que aparecieron los primeros indicios, cedido a 
la fuerza de los tormentos, los mas ilustres hombres 
de Roma, donde Lucano descubrio por complice a su 
propia madre, otros a sus mas intimos amigos, sola- 
mente a Epicaris, muger ordinaiia, j sabidora de todo, 
ni los azotes, ni el fuego, ni otros martirios, pudieron 
arrancar del pecho la menor noticia. 

El mismo. 

CLEMENCIA DE JULIO CESAR. 
Alcanzado por Julio Cesar el senorio que deseaba, 
uso en el de toda clemencia y magnanimidad, honrando 
y galardonando a los amigos; y perdonando con j^rande 
facilidad y alegria, a los que habian sido contrarios. 
Asi no solamente ptrdono a Bruto y a Casio y a Ci- 
ceron y a Ma reel o, y a otros muchos, pero a algunos 
de ellos admitio a su trato y conversacion particular,, 
y a los oficios y dignidades. Els cierto que entre las 
muchas virtudes de que Cesar fue dotado, su clemen- 
cia y liberalidad resplandecieron en el mucho mas. 

Pedro Megia. 

HUMANIDAD DEL CZAR. 
Obstinabo el Gobernador de Nerva en no rendirse, 
entrdron los Rusianos la Plaza por 1 a»alto. Ordeno ai 

1 Por asalto; by storm. 



30 RASGOS HEROICOS. 

punto el Czar a sus oficiales, que impidiesen toda vio- 

lencia sobre los habitadores; mas, no pudiendo estos 

contener k los soldados, que furiosos 1 robuban, viulaban, 

y mataban cuanto veian, acudio el Czar por si mismo 

al remedio, y corriendo de calle en calle, arrancnba 

las mugeres, y los ninos de las manos de los Rusianos; 

amenaztiba a estos con los mas severos castigos para 

que se detuviesen, ayudando, al imperio de su voz, el 

terror de su espada; pues con ella wato mas de cin- 

cuenta de los que hallo mas obstinados en proseguir 

las violencias. En fin, atajado el desorden, hacipndo 

juntar en la Casa de ayuntamiento los principales 

ciudadanos, entro 6\,y poniendosu espada toda baflada 

en sangre sobre una mesa, les dijo estas palabras: 

4< No e? sangre de los ciudadanos de Nerva la de que 

estd tefiido este acero, sino la dem uchos Rusianos, que 

he sacrificado a vuestra conservacion." 

Feijoo. 

INTEGRIDAD DEL MARISCAL DE ETRE. 
Estaban algunos cortesanos entreteniendo con mac- 
simas de politica tirana, al gran Luis Decimo cuarto 
cuando aquel principe no tenia 2 mas de quince anus.. 

1 Furiosos, is an adjective, used, in this place, as a substantive. 
The sentence u los soldados que furiosos robaban," is elliptical, and 
if the ellipsis were supplied, it would read thus: los soldados que 
3IKND0 (enlances) furiosos soldados robaban, &c ; the soldiers, 
who being (then) furious soldiers, robbed, &c. When this occurs, the 
adjective thus used, should be rendered in English, by an adverb; 
f r example,the soldiers whofuriously robbed, &c. "A que intrepid© 
respondio;" to which he boldly answered. "El avaro obedece la 
pasion que despotica le domina; the miser is biased by the passion 
that despotically governs him. 

* Teiher uno, diez, veinte araos; to be one, ten, twenty, &c. years old. 



RASGOS HEROICOS. 31 

A 1 cinco mas que tuviera, el menor castigo que les 

darin, spria desterrar\o& para siempre de su presencia^ 

y de la corte. Mas la falta de esperiencia. la capaci- 

dad, aun no del todo formada, junto con el ardor de 

su vivisimo espiritu, ie hacian oir con agrado, como 

proporcionada a la grandeza de su corazon, aquella 

idea de un ilirnitado poder: al tiempo mismo, que el 

mariscal de Etre, hombre anciano, de gran consejo, j 

madurez, que se hallaba poco distance del rei, estaba 

escuchando a aquellos aduladores con suma in^ligna- 

cion. Prosiguiendo estos su asunto, tragpron a la 

conversacion el egeraplo de los Ernperadores Oto- 

manos, rpfiriendo como aquellos monarcas son duefios 

despoticos de las vidas, y haciendas de sus vasallos. 

"Verdaderamente eso fS reinar," dijo el gran Luis, 

"felices monarcas por cierio." TraspasdrorAe estas 

palabras el corazon de parte 2 a parte al buen mariscal 

de Etre, por consid^rar las perniciosas resultas de 

aquella condescendencia, y llpgandose prontamentc 

al rei, intrepido le dijo: ii pero t seiior, advertid, que a 

dos, 6 tres de esos ernperadores en mis dias les dieron* 

garrote." 

£1 mismo. 

ENTEREZA DE TOMAS MORE. 

Tomas More era el mismo sipndo prisionero dc 

estado,que gran chanciller de Inglaterra; el mismo en 

la fortuna adversa, que en la prospera; el mismo mal- 

tratado, que favorecido: el mismo en la carcel. que en 

el solio; sino que la adversidad hizo visible todo su 

corazon, del cual la mayor, y mejor parte estaba anted 

1 Jl cinco mas que tuviera; had he been five year* older. 

* De parte' a parte; through. 

* Dar garrote; to strangle. 



32 RASGOS HEROICOS. 

oculta. Snlia dar este gran hombre a sua propias 
virtudes un aire de humanidad, que a los ojos del 
vulgo les mitigaba el resplandor; aunque cuando se 
retiraba de los vulgares la luz, se aumentaba hacia la 
parte de los perspicaces el reflejo. Sucedio una vez, 
cuando era gran chanciller. que un caballero, que 
tenia pendiente de su arbitrio el ecsito de cierta pre- 
tension, le regalo dos botellas de plata. Como no 
cabia 1 en su integridad admitir el regalo, que haria 
Tomas More, gencenderse contra el pretendiente, como 
injunoso a su reputacion? gcorregir\e a lo menos la 
delincuente audacia de querer hacer venal la autori- 
dad del ministerio? gmanifestar siquiera entre I09 
domesticos las delicadezas de su desinteres, mostrdn- 
duse escandalizado de la tentacien? Nada de esto 
hizo, porque nada de esto era correspondiente a la 
nobleza, y particular caracter de su espiritu. Recibio 
con buen semblante las dos botellas. Did al punto 
orden a un criado para que las Uenase del mas precioso 
vino que tenia en su bodega, y de este modo se las 
volvio a remitir al caballero acompanaJas del recado 
urbano, de que se holgaba mucho de lograr aquella 
ocasion de servirle, y que cuanto vino tenia en su casa 
estaba mui a su disposicion. De este modo junto la 
entereza con la dulzura; la correccion con la cortesa- 
nia; y cuanto le quito de estrepito a su integridad, 
tanto le minoro a aquel caballero la confusion. 

El mismo. 

ESPIRITU DE CARLOS DOCE. 
Est»ndo Carlos dictnndo a *u secretario una carta 
para Stokolm, cayo una bomba en ia cuadra iniediata 

1 JVo cabia en su integridad } his integrity could not. 



RASGOS HEROICOS. 3S 

al gabinete, en que estaban los dos, y rebpnto en el 
mismo momento. Estaba abierta la puerta de comu- 
nicacion del gabinete a la cuadra; pero habo la d cha 
de que ninguno de los cascos de la bomba se mcami- 
nase por aquella parte. A la vista, y al hornsono 
estallido de la bomba. despavorido el secretario, dcjo 
caer de la mano la pluma. Pero el rei, como si ni 
con la vista, ni con el oido hubicse percibido novedad 
alguna, con rostro firme, con sosegada voz; "que es 
eso," le dijo; 44 <;porque soltais la pluma?" sorprendido 
aun el espiritu del secretario: "senor, la bomba," Jue 
todo lo que yudo articular. A lo que el rei replied, 
con el mismo sosiego: "Puea que conecsion tiene la 
bomba con lo que yo estoi dictando. Prosi'guid" Y 
sin que hubiese mas palabras en medio, se continue la 

carta. 

£1 mismo. 

BESINTERES DE ALIBEG. 
Mahomet Alibeg, mayordomo mayor del rei de 
Persia, al principio del siglo pasado, subio a tan ele- 
vado puesto desde el humilde estado de pobre pastor- 
cillo. Un dia, que aquel rei andaba acaza, le encon~ 
tro tahmdo la flauta, y guardando cabras en el monte. 
Por diversion le hizo algunas preguntas; y prendado 
de la vivacidad, y agudeza con que respondio el nino, 
se le llevo consigo a palacio: donde habiendo mandado 
instruir\e; la rectitud de su corazon, y claridad de su 
ingenio, gandron la inclinacion del rei, de modo, que 
elevtindol" prontamente de cargo en cargo, vino a colo- 
cetrle en el que ya se dijo, de mayordomo mayor. Su 
integridad inflecsible al actractivo de los presentes, 
cosa mui rara entre los Mahometanos, concitdron 



S4 RASGOS HEROICOS. 

contra el, poderosos enemigos; pero sin otreversQ a 
intentar bostilidad aUuna, por ver\e tan duefio del 
animo del soberano: hasta que muerto este, y entmndo 
el sucesor, que era joven, le Migprieron, que Mahomet 
halia usurpado al erario real grandes tesoros. Or- 
de,,6\e el piincipe que dentro de quince dias diese 
euentas. A que Mahomet intrepido respondio, que no 
era menester esa dilacion, y que su magestad fuese 1 
servido ir imediatamertte con el a casadel tesorero, alii 
^e las daria. Fue el rei, seguido de los acusadores; 
pero se hello todo en tan bello orden, y con tanta 
ecsactidud ajustada la cuenta de los caudales en los 
libros, que nadie tuvo que decir. De alii se paso a la 
casa del mismo Mahomet donde el rei admiro la mo- 
deracion que habiu en al!»;ij;ts, y adornos. Pero obser~ 
vando uno de los enemigos del valido la puerta tie un 
cuarto cerrada, y guarnecida con tres cadenas fuertes, 
se lo advirtio al rei, el cual le prpgunto que tpnia 
cerrado en aquel cuarto. "Senor," respondio Maho- 
met, 4 *aqui guardo lo que ps mio. Todo lo que hasta 
ahora se ha vihto, ps de V. M." 2 Diciendo esto, a brio la 
puerta. Entro el rei en el cuarto, y volvieado a todas 
partes los ojos, no vio otra cosa, s'mo las alajas sigui- 
entes; una zamarra, una alforja, un cayado, y una 
flauta. Atonito las miraba el rei, cuando, po)iiendose s de 
rodillas ilelante de el Mahomet, le oijo: "Seiior, este es 
el habito, y estos los bienes, que yo tenia cuando el 
padre de V. M. me trujo a la corte. Esto es lo que 
entonces tenia, y esto lo que ahora tengo. Solo esto 
eonozco pormio. Y pues que lo es, suplico con el mayor. 

1 Ser servido, or servirse; to be pleased. 

8 V. M. a contraction of Vuestra Magestad; your Majesty. 

3 Pmerse <k roddlas; to bend one's knees 



RASGOS HEROICOS. Q5 

rendimienlo a V. M.me permita- gozaAo, volviendome 

al monte de donde me e^trajo mi fortuna. Aqui no 

pudiendo contmer el rei las lagrimas, le echo los bra- 

zos al generoso valido, y no coutento con esta demos- 

tracion, despojdndos? prontamente de sus reales ha- 

bitos, se los hizo vestir a Mahomet; lo que en Persia 

se estinm por la suprema honra que el rei puede hacer 

a un vasallo. De este suceso resulto, que Mahomet 

logro despues constantes la confianza, y carino del 

principe toda su vida. 

El mismo. 

MANSEDUMBRE DE GESU CRISTO. 

J\mas en el universo ha parecido un hombre taa 
dulce, tan virtuoso, tan benefico y tan amable. En 
todas sus acciones y discursos no se proputo otro obgeto 
que hacernos bien, insiruimos, cowso/arnos, y darnos 
ideas 6 esperanzas las mas capaces de satisfucer a 
nuestro deseo ihsaeiable de grandeza y de felicidad. 
Nada le ajligia, sino nuestros errores: nada le desa- 
gradaba, sino nuestros vicios: nada le daba placer, sino 
nuestras virtudes, y nada le comolaba tanto como 
recover la oveja que se le perdia. Nunca se le vio 
verdaderamente contristado, sino cuando prvueia nues- 
tra obstinacion y las desgracias que nos debia acarrear. 

If.i-ed reflecsion sobre lo que hizo, cuando yendo 
con sus discipalos a Jerusalem, predijo las calami- 
dades procsnnas de aquella rebelde y endurecida Na- 
cion. Ved la ternura y sensibilidad con que las pro- 
fetiza, los suspiros dolientes que eshala, el torrente de 
lagrimas que vurte. ^Que corazon se (tjligio nunca 
tanto con los males agenos? <$Que hombre sensible y 
generoso no se rnternecerd viendo una espresion tan 
dolorida de un amor tan desinteresado y tierno? No^ 



a 



36 RASGOS HEROICOS. 

no es pos>ble e^tiidiar ni perciUr el caracter de su 
espiritu, y la dulzura de su corazon, sin tveonoceY que 
fue el mpjor de los liowbre*; y que jamas el cielo en 
su ir.iscricordia les ha oa.lo un bieuhechor tan digno 
de su mano. 

Veale cuando en sus via^es pasnndo por Samaria, 
solo, sin liaber coinidn, y fatigad i del calor y cansan- 
cio se sienta junto a Siquem cerca de un pozo; ;con 
que af'abilidad habla a una muger comun v pecadura! 
;Como la convida con el agua celestial de su gracia! 
;Como_le declara positivamente que el es el Mesias! 
jComo la instrtiye en el modo de adarnv a Dios en 
espiritu y verdad! ;Con,o cuando los discipulos 11, gun 
y le cothpndecen de no haber comido todavia, les res- 
ponde, que su alimento es syrvir a su Padre y ganaAe 
corazones! ;Como cuando los hombres de la ciudad 
vienen conducidos por aquella muger, tambien les 
habla con el mismo agrado! ;Como aunque su uesignio 
fuese continuar su camino rogado por aquellos fcfcma- 
ritanos, se detiene! jComo eutra con ellos a la ciudad, 
y pa$a con ellos el tiempo necesario hasta que los ins- 
truye. y convierte! jQue afabilidad! ;Que celo! ;Que 
condescendencia! 

Vedle con la Cananea. En una de sus escursiones 
se le presentn una muger estrangera y gentil, que im- 
plora su socorro. Se resiste, porque parece que no 
estaba en el orden de su providencia empezar sino por 
las ovejas perdidas de Israel. Pero la infeliz con 
humildad y con fe redobla sus instancias, repite sus 
ruegos con aquella importunidad que le agrada tanto, 
y su buen corazon, sin poder resistir mas, se rinde, le 
concede lo que p ide, y la despacha consolada. 

Pablo Olavides. 



CHISTES Y CUENTOS. 



LA PURGA DE QUEVEDO. 
De Don Francisco de Quevedo se cuenta general- 
mente el chiste de que estando enfermo, y hdbiendole 
ordenado el medico una purga, luego que esta se trajo 
de la botica, la echo en el vaso que tenia debajo de la 
cama. Volvio el medico a tieinpo, que !a purga, si se 
hubiese tornado ya habria hecho su efecto. Recono- 
ciendo el vaso, para ecsaminar, segun su practica, la 
calidad de humor purgado, luego que percibio el mal 
olor del licor que habia en el vaso, esclamd: ";() que 
olor tan pestifero! ^Que habia de hacer este dentro de 
un cuerpo humano!" A lo que replied Quevedo; "Y 
aun por ser el tal, no quise yo meterle en el cuerpo. 

Feijoo. 

EL VALIENTE UFANO. 
Uno mui preciado de maton se llego a Madrid a un 
gran seiior ofreciendose a servi vie, como valiente suyo, 
para matar a diestra 1 y a siniestra cuantos se le ento- 
jase. Este habia recibido muchas heridas en algunas 
pendencias, y presentaba por testimonio de su valentia 
las cicatrices. El senor le dtspidio con irrision did- 
indole. 6i Trdigame V. 2 para valientes mios a los que 
le dieron todos esos golpes; que a esos me atengo en 

todo caso." 

El mismo. 

1 A diestra y siniestra; an adverbial expression, meaning, head- 



long, at random. 

2 V. ; a contraction of usted, 
ways translated by, you, 
4 


or vuesamerced; 


your 


worshipj 


al- ' 



38 CHISTES Y CUENTOS. 

EL MEDICO TUN ANTE. 
Llegu en la ciudad de Zaragoza un tunante publi- 
cando que sabia raros arcanos de medicina; entre 
otros, el de remozar las viejas. La prosa del bribon 
era tan persuasiva, que las mas del pueblo lo creyeron. 
Llegdron pues muchisimas a pedirle, que les hiciese 
tan precioso beneficio. El les dij , que cada una pusi- 
ese en una cedulilla, su nombre y la edad que tenia, 
como circunstancia precisa para la egecucion del 
arcano. Habia entre ellas septuegenarias, octogenarias, 
nonagenarias. Hicieron\o asi puntualmente, sin disi- 
mular alguna, ni un dia de edad par no pevder la dicha 
de remozarse y fueron citadas por el tunante para 
venir k su posada el dia siguiente. Vinieron, y el, 
al rerlas, empezo a lamentar de que una bruja le habia 
robado todas las cedulillas aquella noche, embidiosa 
del bien que le esperaba; asi que fue preciso volver a 
escribir cada una su nombre y edad de nuevo; y por no 
retardarlsLS mas el conocimiento, porque era precisa 
aquella circunstancia les declaro, que toda la ope- 
ration se reducia a que a la que fuese mas vieja entre 
todas, habian de quemar viva, y tomando las demas 
una porcion de sus cenizas, todas se remozarian. 
Pasmdronse al oir esto las viejas; pero credulas siejn- 
pre de la promesa, tratan de hacer nuevas cedulas. 
Hicieron\as en efecto, pero no con la legalidad que la 
vez primera; porque medrosa cada una de que ella 
por mas vieja le tocase ser sacrificada a las llamas, 
ninguna hubo que no se quitase muchos aiios. Iia que 
tenia noventa, pongo por egemplo, se ponia cincuenta; 
la de sesenta trenticinco, &c. Recibio el picaron las 
nuevas cedulas, y sacando entonces las (|ue le habian 
dado el dia antecedente, hecho el cotejo de unas con 



CHISTES Y CUENTOS. 39 

otras, les dijo; "ahora bien, sefioras mias, ya Vds. 1 

logrdron lo que les prometi; ya todas se remozdron. 

Vmd. tenia ayer noventa anos, ahora ya no tiene mas 

de cincuenta. Vmd. ayer sesenta, hoi trenticinco." 

Discurriendo asi por todas las despacho tan corridas, 

como se deja* conocer. 

El mismo. 

RESPUESTA DE UNO AL PRO VISOR. 

Un honibre que queria apartarse de su muger con 
<juien tenia poca paz, parecio a este fin ante el pro- 
visor. Estrano este la propuesta, porque conocia la 
muger y era de buenas cualidades. ii ^Porgue quereis 
dejar a vuestra muger?" le pregunto el'provisor; 4i ^no 
es virtuosa?" "Si, senor," respondio el hombre. "3N0 
es riea?" "Si, senor." "<«No es fccunda?" "Si, 
senior." En fin, a todas las partidas respondia en abono 3 
suyo. "Con que,"* le dijo el pretor; "pues si vuestra 
muger tiene tantas calidades buenas, jtporque quereis 
apartaros de ella?" A esto el hombre, descalzando 
un zapato, pregunto al provisor; "Senor, ^este zapato 
no es nuevo?" "Si," respondio el provisor. Anadio; 
"4110 estd bien hecho?" "Si, a lo que parece;" respondio 
el provisor. "^No es de buen cordoban y buena suela?" 
Respondio del misrno modo, que si. "Pues, ve V. con 5 
todo esto," dijo el descontento marido, "yo quiero 
quitarme este zapato, y poner otro, que yo se donde 
me uprieta y mane a, y Vmd. no." 

1 Vds., a contraction of ustedes-, you. 

2 Dejarse conocer; to appear. 

3 En abono; in favour. 

4 Con que; then. This expression is usually redundant. 

5 Con todo, <m con todo esto; an adverbial expression, meaning, 
notwithstanding. 



40 CHISTES Y CUENTOS. 

LA LARGA PETICION. 

Estando enfermo el papa urbano quinto en Viterbo, 

embio la ciudad de Perusa tres comisarios a solicitor 

a su santidad la espedicion de cierto negocio. Uno 

de ellos que era doctor y por su grado le tocaba hablar, 

compuso y mando 1 a la memoria una larga oracion, 

sobre el asunto; siendo tan necio que por mas que los 

companeros le in star on a que la acortase no quhso ha- 

cerlo. Llegado el caso de la audiencia, enjilo el im- 

portuno doctor toda su molestisima obra. Siendo 

urbano de genio benignisimo, le tolero sin cortarle, 6 

interrumpirle, aunque se dejaba ver la violencia que en 

ello se hacia. Acabada la oracion, el papa, sin negar 

ni cunceder, pregunto a los diputados, si querian otra 

cosa. Entonces uno de los otros dos que era mui 

discreto, y habia notado la nausea con que el papa 

habia escuchado al doctor, le dijo: "Santisimo padre, 

otra cosa ha insertado nuestra ciudad en la comision, 

y es, que si vuestra Beatitud no nos concede pronta- 

mente la que pedimos, nuestro compaiiero vuelva a 

relatar todo su sermon. " 

El mismo. 

EL PIE GRANDE. 
Se cuenta de un gran chistoso Espanol que mote- 
jandosule en un corrillo el ecsorbitanle tamano del pie, 
dijo que otro habia mayor que el, en el corrillo. Mi- 
rdndose los circunstantes unos a otros los pies, y 
viendo que todos eran menores que el de este senor, 
le dieron en rostro 3 la falsedad de lo que hecia. "Lo* 

1 Mandar a la memoria; to commit to memory. 

2 Por mas que; although. # 

3 Dor en rostro; to reproach, accuse. 
* Lo; what. 



CHISTES Y CUENTOS 41 

dicho, dicho," insistio el, "otro hai major en el cor* 
rillo." Instdndole a que le senifase, saco el otro pic 
que tenia retirado, y en efecto era mayor; y mastrdn* 
dosele, les dijo, "yean Vds. si este no es mayor que el 

otro." 

El mism©. * 

EL ESTUDIANTE Y LAS TRUCHAS. 
Volviendo un estudiante de Salamanca a su tierra. 
con mui pocos cuartos, se trataba, porque no se le 
acabasen antes de concluir el viage, con estrecha eco- 
nomia por el camino. Sucedio que llegando a hacer 
noche a una posada donde la huespeda era muger de 
lindo entendimiento, Undo modo, y mucho agrado, 
esta le pregunto; "<;que queria cenar?" Respondio 
que un par de huevos. "^No mas seiior Licenciado?" 
dijo la huespeda. A lo que respondio el estudiante; 
"bastame senora, que yo ceno poco." Trageron los 
huevos y al tiempo de cercarlos, le propuso la huespeda 
unas truchas mui buenas, que tenia por si 1 las queria. 
JVogose el estudiante al envite. "Mire senor Licen- 
ciado," anadio la huespeda, "que son mui ricas porque 
tienen las cuat.ro F. F. F. F." "<;Como las cuatro efes} 99 
replied el estudiante. ";Pues no sabe, senor Licen- 
ciado," repuso la huespeda, "que las truchas para ser 
regaladas han de tener las cuatro efes?" "Nunca tal 
he oido," dijo el estudiante, "y quisiera saber, que 
cuatro efes son esas, 6 que signified ese enigma." "Yo 
se lo dire seiior," respondio la huespeda: "quiere de- 
cir, que las truchas mas sabrosas son las que tienen 
cuatro circunstancias de frescas, frias, fritas, y frago- 

3 Por si; m case. 
4* 



42 CHISTES Y CUENTOS. 

sas." A lo que respondio el estudiante, "ya caigo 1 en 

ello; pero senora, si las truchas no tienen otra efe mas, 

para mi no sirvenf 9 ";Que otra efV- mas es esa?" pre- 

gunto la huespeda, "senora que sean fiadas, porque en 

mi bolsa no hai con que pagar\a,s por ahora." J3grad6 

tanto la agudeza a la huespeda, que no solo le presento 

las truchas graciosamente, mas le previno la alforja 

para lo que le restaba de camino. 

El mismo. 



REPLICA DE UN CRIADO. 
Tenia uri gentil-hombre, un criado que le servia de 
todo, mayordomo, page, caballerizo, &c. Entro en un 
recelo bien fundado, de que tomaba algo de lo que 
pasaba por sus manos; por lo cual se resolvio un dia a. 
decirle; "Juan, yo te veo siempre mui bien vestido, y 
que haces algunos gastillos voluntarios. Cincuenta 
francos, que te doi de salario no alcanznn para tanto, 
con que parece que lo que falta lo aranan tus unas de 
lo que mancjas. Asi yo estoi determinado a dupli- 
cate el salario, ddndote cien francos." A esto el 
criado respondio, "Seiior, ^y cuanto se me aumenta de 
ese modo el salario cada semana?" "Casi veinte suel- 
dos," dijo el amo. "<$Veinte sueldos, repuso el criado, 
degeme V. hacer la cuenta." Jinduvo luego haciendola. 
por los dedos, y en fin, prorumpio; "No senor, no 
puedo venir en ese partido, porque pierdo mas de la 

mitad de lo que ganaba" 

El mismo. 

1 Caer en, used as above, means, to understand. 



■ GHISTRS Y CUBNTOS. 4S 

ESTRATAGEMA DE UN CURA. 
Hahipndn eonspirado unos caballeros de buen humor 
en meter 1 ?orra a un cura de aldea, que era mas agudo 
que libera], fueron con este intento de mafiana a su 
casa, y le manifest drnn a lo que iban,pretestand6 no se 
que honesfo motivo; el vietido la avenida, los recibio 
con buen semblante y but nas palabras, y al momento 
despacho los criados que tenia como que ihan a dife- 
rentes partes a buscar Lo necesario para el convite. 
!Khr^ luego el breviario debajo del brazo, y les dijo, 
"senores, con licencia de Vmds. vol mientras se pre- 
para la comida, a conciliar un pobre apestado, a quien 
confpse ayer tarde por efarle el viatico, porque estd 
mui de peligro," 2 y al momento tomo la puerta. 3 Ca- 
yeron en el lazo los cabaiieros, y sin. poner la inenor 
duda en que era verdad lo que decia el cura, conside- 
rando el riesgo de que e) contravene el contagio del 
enfermo, y se le comunicase a ellos, se escajmrqn 
imediatamente, y con tanta priesa como si la peste 
fuese tras ellos, y cada uno se fue a comer a su casa. 

El mismo. 

RESPUESTA DE UNA DAMA A UN OFICIAL. 
Despues de la toma de Gerona por los Franceses, 
L los fines del siglo pasado, algunos oficiales de aquella 
guarnicion p/ysdron a Madrid. En el vuigo corria la 
voz, 4 de que en la defensa de aquella plaza kabian mos- 
trado mui poco valor. Llegando uno de ellos a tomar 
agua bendita en una iglesia, vio una tlama, de quien 
era conocido, que iba a hacer lo mismo, y se quiso 

1 Meter gorra; to batten on the good cheer of anybody. 

2 Mui de peligro; very low. 

3 Tomar la puerta-, to go out. 

4 Correr la voz; to be rumoured. 



44 NARRACIONES. 

aprovechar de la ocasion, para darle la mano, per« 

ella la retiro al momento. Qurjose el militar del 

desaire, preguntdndoie, que motivo tenia para ha- 

cersele. "£s sefior mio," respondio ella, "que acabo de 

lavarme las manos con salvado, y temo que las galli- 

nas 1 me las piquen" 

El mismo. 



NARRACIONES. 



PENITENCIAS DE LOS BRACMANES. 
Hai unos, que en ios dias mas ardienies del estio, 
en un suelo arenoso, retostado, de 2 los rayos del 
sol, desnudos, fiados solo sobre un pie, se estdn desde 
el amanecer hasta el anochecer. 3 Hai quienes, elevdn- 
dose los pies en garfios de hierro. fiados en el tronco 
de un arbol, se estdn pendientes alii pies arriba, y 
cabeza abajo, hasta que el peso del cuerpo, rasgando 
carnes, venas, nervios, y arterias, hace caer el cuerpo 
a tierra. Hai quienes hacie -dose atar las manos en 
las epaldas, llevan violentamente los brazos por sobre 
los hombros, estan padeciendo por mucho tiempo in- 
mensos dolores, hasta que por ultimo 4 pierden el uso 
de manos, y brazns quedando estos por el resto de su 
vida pendientes, como partes inanimadas. Pero sus 

1 Gallinas is here used as a quibble; it meaning cowards as well 
as hens. 

* De; this preposition is frequently used in place of the prepo- 
sition por, [by,] when an object has been acted upon. 

» Desde el amanacer hasta al anochecer; from morning till sunset. 

* Por ultimo; at last 



' NARRACIONES. 45 

mas ordinarias mortificaciones son prolijos, y severisisi- 
mos ayunos, con total abstinencia de comida, y bebida, 
que los reduce a la apariencia de meros esqueletos. 

El mismo. 

PENITENCIAS DE LOS AMIDAS. 

Los sectarios de Amida, se hacen encarcelar en unas 

cavernas, doncle apenas ti*nen espacio para estdr sen- 

tados, y donde no pueden respirar sino por un tubo, 

que tienen cuidado de conservar. Alii se dejan morir 

de hambre tranquilamente, con la esperanza de que 

Amida, vendrd a recibir su alma al salir del cuerpo. 

Otros, se colocan sobre las puntas de unas rocas altisi- 

mas, donde hai minas de azufre, de que a veces salen 

algunas llamas; y alii estan invocando sin cesar la 

Deidad; rogdndole que acepte el sacrificio de su vida, 

y luego que parece alguna llama, tomd?ido\a. por serial 

de consentimiento del Dios, se arrojan, por aquellos 

precipicios, en que se hacen pedazos. Otros, setienden 

en tierra al encuentro de los carros, en que llevan sus 

idolos en procesion, para que las ruedas les quiebren los 

huesos, y destruyan el cuerpo. Otros, particularmente 

en las grandes solemnidades, en que es mayor el con- 

curso al templo; seposh-an a la entrada, esperando a que 

cuando sea mayor el aprieto de la gente al entrar, 6 al 

salir 9 los pise, y sofoque. 

El mismo. 

LAS ARTES DIVINATORIAS SON RIDiCULAS. 
Rara presuncion la del hombre, querer averiguar 
lo que estd por venir! Pestanea 1 en lo pasado, andu* a 

1 Pestamar; to move the eye-lashes; but, used as above, 
means, to take an indistinct view. 

2 Jlndar a tientas; to examine with uncertainty. 



46 NARRACIONES. 

tientas en lo presente, y juzga 1 tener ojos para 1© 
future Mientenle las historias en lo que fue, los 
sentidos en lo que es, y tree a vanos suefios 2 en lo que 
sera. Esta estravagancia del entendimiento nace del 
de<6rden de la voluntad. Cuanto 3 esta estd mas ciega, 
tanto pretende que el entendimiento sen mas lince. 
Grande ceguera nuestra es abrazar con el deseo lo 
ilicito; pero aun mayor buscar con el discurso, lo im- 
penetrable. Desde el celebro del hohibre, a la region 
de los futuros contingentes, no abrio camino alguno la 
naturaleza; y donde no hai senda, que gale al termino 
deseado, cua'quiera rutnbo que se tome, lleva al pre- 
cipicio. Esta ambicion fue el vicioso origen de tanta 
practica supersticiosa como invenidron los antiguos 
idolatras. Buscaban noticia de lo venidero en los 
astros, fn los cadaveres, en las piedras, en los troncos, 
en el acaso de las suertes.en los delirios de suefios, en 
las entrafias de las vfctimas, en las voces de los brutos. 
A toda la naturaleza preguntaban lo que habia de 
suceder y creian oir la respuesta por mas que 4 le ha- 
llahan sordo a la consulta. De la variedad de instru- 
mentos, que usaban para adivinar, se domindron tantas 
artes divinatorias, que apenas caben en la memoria los 
nombres. El mismo. 

1 Juzgar; means, generally, to judge; but it is, sometimes, used 
in the sense of, to imagine; to think. 

2 A vanos suefios; vainly, foolishly, 

3 Cuanto and tanto; when used as above, to compare, must be 
rendered by, the more. 

4 Por mas que; however, or howsoever; as, "Por mas gran 
poeta que sea, no tiene jiacio;" however great poet he may be, he 
has no sense." "Por mas grande que sea le eievacion en que la 
fortuna puede ponernos, hai peligro de caer;'"' how great soever be the 

elevation in which fortune may place us, there is danger of 
descent. 



NARRACIONES. 47 

COMODIDADES DEL RICO Y DEL POBRE. 

Vhte el rico delicada olanda, y el pobre gruesa 

estopa; pero dime si hasta ahora oiste quejarse algun 

pobre, de que le aspereza de lo estopa, le ocasionaba 

al cuerpo al^una molestia. Estd ocioso el rico, y el 

pobre Inbr'afando todo el dia: pero no observas mas 

alegre al pobre en el trabajo, que al rico en el ocio; 

especial mente si trabaja en eompania, pasa festive, 

cantando, y chanceando su tarea. jScabada esta, el 

descanso no es un ocio insipido, como el del rico, sino 

un dulce reposo; y despues, con blando y continuado 

surno, con inquietud impaciente da el rico mil vueltas 

en la cama, de modo que se puede decir que el pobre 

trabaja de dia, y el rico de noche. Si se ofrece una 

Jornada, es verriad que el rico la hace a cabullo 1 6 en 

carroza, y el pobre a pie. Sin embargo, el rico tiene 

mucho mas que se.ntir en ella: ya 2 la inclemencia del 

tiempo, ya la incomodidad de la posada, ya la dureza 

del lecho, ya la falta de regalo. El pobre, hecho 3 a todo, 

nada estraha; y asi de nada se duel?. Yo. en mis 

viages, he notado, que siempre el mozo de a pie, 4 que 

me asistia, sentia mucho menos que yo, las incomodi- 

dades del camino. Pues anadase a esto el susto de los 

lad rones, a quienes el pobre no tiene por que 5 temer; 

cuando al rico, tras de cada tronco que hai en el 

camino, se le representa un salteador. 

El mismo. 

1 A caballo; on horse-back. 

* Ya, means already; but is very frequently used as an explt* 
tive; and then, it should be construed, in English, by, now. 

* Htcho a todo; inured, habituated, or accustomed to every thing. 
4 S^ozg de a pie; foot-man. 

• 5 Tener por que; to have reason. 



48 NARRACIONES. 

EL NO SE QUE.* 
En muchas producciones, no solo de la naturaleza, 
mas aun del arte, encueutran los hombres, fuera de 2 
aquellas perfecciones sugetas a su comprehension, otro 
genero de primor misterioso, que cuanto lisongea el 
gusto, atormcnla el entendimiento; que palpa el sen 
tido, y no puede descifrar la razon; y asi, al querer 
espliearle, no encontrando voces, ni conceptos que 
satisfagan la idea, se dejan raer desalentados, en el 
rudo informe, de que tal cosa tienr un no se que, que 
agrada, que enamora que hechiza, y no hai que pe- 
dirles revelacion mas clara de este natural misterio. 
Entran en un edificio, que al primer golpe 3 de vista 
los llena de gusto y admiracion. Repasan\t luego 
con atento ecsamen, no kalian que ni por su gran- 
deza, ni por la copia de iuz, ni por la preciosidad del 
material, ni por la ecsacta observancia de las reglas 
de arquitectura esceda, ni aun acaso iguule a otro«> que 
han vista sin tener que gustar 6 que admirar* en ellos. 
Si les preguntan, que kalian de esquisto, 6 primoroso 
en este, respondent "tiene un no se que, que embtleza," 

El mismo. 

1 El no se que; literally, something, T know not what. This is 
an adverbial phrase, which is, generally, rendered, in English, 
by adopting the French expression, thus: Le je ne sgai qoi. 

2 Fuera de; besides, independently of. 
s Golpe de vista; at first sight. 

* Sin tenet que gustar; without finding any thing with which to 
be pleased. 



NARRACIONES. 



4* 



DEBEMOS RECORRER NUESTRAS ACCIONES. 
Piensa en los pecados que has hecho, y haces cada 
dia, despues que abriste los ojos al conocimiento dc 
Dios; y hallards que todavia vive en ti Adan con mu- 
chas de las raices y costumbres antiguas. Mira euan 
descarado eres para con 1 Dios, cuan ingrato a sus be- 
nefices, cuan rebelde a sus inspiraciones, cuan pere- 
zoso para las. cosas de su servicio. Considera cuan 
duro eres para con el procsimo, y cuan piadoso para 
contigo: cuan amigo de tu propia voluntad,y de' tu 
came y de tu honra, y de todos tus intereses. Mira 
como tadavia eres soberbio, airado, siibito, vanaglorioso, 
envklioso, malicioso, regalado, mudable, liviano, sen- 
sual, amigo de tus recreaciones y conversaciones, 
risas y parlerias. Mira, cuan inconstante eres en los 
buenos propositos, cuan inconsiderado en tus palabras, 
cuan desproveido en tus obras, y cuan cobarde y pusi- 
lanime para cualesquiera graves negocios. Considera 
ya por este orden la mucliedumbre de tus pecados. 
considera luego la gravedad de ellos, para que veas 
como por todas partes, es erecida tu miseria. Para 
lo cual debes primeramente considerar: contra quien 
pecaste; y hallards que pecasie contra Dios, cuya bon- 
dad y magestad es infinita, y cuyos beneficios y mise- 
ricordias para con el hombre, sobrepitjan las arenas 
del mar. Asi se paga aquella sangre preciosa que se 
derramo en la cruz. ;0 miserable de ti por lo que 
perdiste y mucho mas por lo que hiciste; y mucho mas 
si con todo esto no sientes tu perdicion. 

Frai Luis de Granada, 



1 Para con; with regard, towards. 



50 NARRACIONES. 

AMEMOS LA VIRTUD. 
Vemos que entre las cosas criadas, unas hai hones- 
tas, otras hermosas, otras provechosas, otras agrada- 
bles, y otras con otras perfecciones. Entre estas tanto 
suele una ser mas perfecta y inas digna de ser amada, 
cuanto mas de estas perfecciones participa. Pues 
scgun esto, ,;cuanto merece ser amada la virtud, en 
quien todas estas perfecciones se kalian? Porque si 
por honestidad va, 1 ,ique cosa mas honesta que la virtud 
que es la raiz y fuente de toda honestidad? Si por 
honra va, gi qien se debe la honra y el acatamiento, 
si no a la virtud? Si por hermosura va, <jque cosa mas 
hermosa, que la imagen de la virtud? Si por utilidad 
va, que cosa hai de mayores utilidades y esperanzas 
que la virtud, pues por el la se alcanza el sumo bien? 
La longura de los dias, con los bienes de la eternidad, 
estan en 9U diestra; 2 y en su siniestra, 3 riquezas y 
gloria. Pues si por delites va, <;que mayores deleites, 
que los de la buena conciencia y de la caridad, y de 
la paz, y de la libertad de los hijos de Dios, y de las 
consolaciones del espiritu santo lo cual todo anda en 
compania de la virtud? Pues si desea fama y memo- 
ria; en memoria eterna vivird el justo y el nombre de 
Jos malos se pudrird, y asi como humo, desaparecerd. 

El mismo. 

RECOMPENSA DE LOS ROMANOS. 
La sabiduria romana, que tuvo por maestro a su 
pobreza, para premiar la virtud y la valentia, labro 

1 It, used as above, means, to be with regard; as, "porque, si 
por honestidad va," for, if it be toith regard to honesty. 
3 Diestra; right hand. 
3 Siniestra; left hand. 



NARRACIONES. 51 

moneda 1 con el cuno de la honra, batiola,* en el aire-, 

y sin empobrecerse del oro y de la plata, tuvn caudal 

para satisfacer a los generosos y a los magnanimos, 

Piiso asco 3 para los premius ilustres, en los metales, 

el ver los empleados en hartar Iddrones, facilitar.m&l 

dades, falsear leyes, y escalar jueces: por esto, aque~ 

llos padres condendron la plata y el oro a precio de- 

sautorizado de almas vendibles y de vidas rnecanicas. 

Hour dr on con unas hoj-as de laurel una frente; dieron 

satisfaccion con una insignia; pagdron grandes y so- 

beranas victorias con las aclamaciones de un triunfo; 

recompensdron vidas, casi divinas, con una estatua. Y 

para que no descaeciesen* de prerogativas de tosoro 

los ramos y las hierbas, el marmol y las voces; no las 

permitieron a la pretension, sino al merko. Cobrd~ 

ronlas las hazanas, no las daban ni las vendian, la co- 

decia, ni la pasion. Ricos fueron los Romanos, en 

tan to que 5 supieron ser pobres. Con su probeza, se 

enterro su honra. En dedicar a Junio Bruto estatua, 

mostrdron su agradecimiento, y dieron a admirar su. 

providencia en poner entre las estatuas de sus reyes la 

de aquel que los desterro de la ciudad, y dejo su nom- 

bre reo; no quisieron quedar a deber nada al egemplo 

ni al castigo. 

Francisco de Quevedo* 

CALAMIDADES DE LA ALEMANIA, BGRGONA, Y LORENA. 

^Que generos de tormentos crueles, inventdron los 

tiranos contra la inocencia, que no los hayamos visto 

1 Labrar moneda; to coin money. 

* Batir moneda; to stamp money. 
3 Poner asco; -to disregard. 

* Descaecer; to be beneath. 

* j£n tanto que; so long as. 



52 NARRACIONES. 

en obra? 1 No ya contra barbaros inhumanos, sine 
contra naciones cultas, civiles, y religiosas; y no con- 
tra enemigos, sino contra si mismas, turbando el orden 
natural del parentesco, y desconocido el afecto a la 
patria. Las mismas ausiliares se volvian contra quien 
las sustentaba, mas sangrienta em la defensa que la 
oposicion; no habia diferencia entre la proteccion y el 
despojo, entre la amistad y la hostilidad. A ningun 
edificio ilustre, a ningun lugar sagrado, perdono la 
furia y la llama. Breve espacio de tiempo vio en 
cenizas las villas y las ciudades, y reducidas a desiertos 
las poblaciones. 

Insaciable fue la sed de sangre humana. Como en 
troncos, se probaban en los pechos de los hombres 
las pistolas y las espadas; la vista se alegraba de los 
disformes visages de la muerte; abiertos los pechos y 
vientres humanos Servian <¥e pesebres. Las mugeres 
se vendian y permutaban por vacas y caballos, como las 
demas presas y despojos. A sus ojos se despedazaban 
las criaturas, para que obrase el amor paternal el dolor 
ageno de aquellas partes de sus entranas lo que no 
podia el propio. En las selvas y bosques, donde 
tienen refugio las fieras, no la tenian los hombres, 
porque con perros venteros 2 los buscaban por el rastro. 
Los lagos no estaban seguros de la codicia ingeniosa 
en inquirir las alhajas, sacdndolas con anzuelos y redes 
de sus profundos senos. Aun los huesos difuntos per- 
dieron su ultimo reposo, trastornadas las urnas, y le- 
vantados los marmoles, para buscar lo que en ellos 

estaba escondido. 

Diego de Saavedra Fajardo. 

1 En obra; inflicted. 

2 Perros venteros; hunting dog?. 



NARRACIONES. 



53 



PRINCiriO DE LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL. 

En la primera edad, ni fue menester la pena, por- 

que la lei no cohocia culpa; ni el premio, porque se 

amaba por si mismo lo honesto y glorioso. Pero credo 

con la edad del mundo, la malicia, e hizo recatada la 

virtud, que antes sencilla e inadvertida, vivia por los 

campos. Desestimose la igualdad, perdiose la modes- 

tia y la vergiienza, e introducida la ambicion y la 

fuerza, se introdugeron tambien las denominaciones; 

porque obligada de la necesidad la prudencia, y des- 

pierta con luz natural, redujo los hombres a la com- 

pama civil, donde egercitasen las virtudes a que les 

inclina la razon, y donde se valiesm de la voz arti- 

culada que les did la naturaleza, para que unos a otros, 

esplicando sus conceptos, y manifestando sus senti- 

mientos y necesidades, se ensenasen, aconsejasen 3 y 

defendieten. 

El mismo. 



COMO SE DESCUBRE EL INGENIO DE LOS NINOS. 

Si el nino es generoso y altivo, serena la ffente y los 
ojuelos, y risueiio oye las alabanzas; y los retira en- 
tristeciendose, si se le afen algo. Si"«s animoso; aflrma 
el rostro, y no se conturba con las sombras y amena- 
zas de iniedos; si liberal, desprecla los juguetes, y los 
reparte; si vengativo, dura en los enojos, y no depone 
las lagrirnas sin la satisfaccion; si colerico, por ligeras 
causas se conmueve, deja caer e! sobrecejo, 1 mira* de 
soslayo, y levant a las manecillas; si benigno, con la 
risa y los ojos grangea las voluntades; si. melancolico, 
aborrece la compania, amu la soledad, es obstinado en 

1 Dejar caer el sobrecejo; to frown. 

* Mirar de soslayo; to look cross and hard, 

5* 



54 NARRACIONES. 

el llanto, clificil en la risa, y sierapre cubierta con 

nubecillas de tristeza la frente; si alegre, ya Uvanta 

las cejas, y adelantando los ojuelos, vierte por ellos 

luces tie regocijo, ya los retira, y plegados los parpa- 

clos en graciosos dobleces, maniftesta por ellos lo fes- 

tivo del atiimo; asi las demas virtudes 6 vicios traslada 

el corazon al rostro, hasta que mas advertida la edad 

los retira y cela. Pero no siempre estos juicios salen 

ciertos, 1 porque la naturaleza tal vez burla* la curiosi- 

dad humana que investiga sus obras, y se retira de 

su curso ordinario. Otras veces la naturaleza se 

esfuerza por escederse a si misma, y junta monstruosa- 

mente grandes virtudes y grandes vicios, como se vio 

en Alcibiades. Asi obra la naturaleza desconocida a 

si misma; pero la razon y el arte, corrigen y pulen sus 

obras. 

El mismo. 

INVASION DE LOS MOROS EN ESPANA. 

No se puede pensar genero de mal con que Espana 
no fuese afligida; claro castigo de Dios, que por tal 
mancra tomaba venganza, no solo de los malos, sino 
tambien de los inocentes, por el tnenosprecio de la 
religion y de sus leyes. 

De esta manera cayo Espana; t&\ fue el fin del nobi- 
lisimo reino de los Godos. Con el cielo sin duda se 
revuelvm las cosas de aca; lo que tuvo principio, es 
necesario se acabe; lo que nace, muere y lo que crece, 
se envegoee. Cayo, pues, el reino y gente de los 
Godos no sin providencia y consejo del cielo, como a 
mi me parece, paraque despues de tal castigo, de las 

1 Salir cierto; to prove to be correct. 
* Burlar; used as above, to baffle. 



NARRACIONES. 55 

cenizas y de la sepultura de aquel'a gente naciese y se 
levantase una nueva y santa Espana; de mayores fuer- 
zas y senorio que antes era; refugio en este tiempo, 
amparo y colurnna de la religion catolica, que, com- 
puesta de todas sus partes, y como de sus miembros, 
termina su mui ancho imperio, y le estiende como hoi 
lo vemosy hasta los ultimos fines del levante y poniente. 

Padre Juan de Mariana. 

REINO DE NAVARRA. 

Despues de aquel memorable y triste estrago con 

que casi toda Espana quedo asolada y sugeta por los 

moros, gente feroz y despiadada; de las ruinas del 

imperio gotico, no de otra manera, que de los materi- 

ales y pertrechos de algun grande edificio cuando cae t 

inuchos sefiorios se levantdron; pequenos al principio, 

de estrechos terminos y flacas fuerzas. Las reliquias 

de los Espanoles que escapdron de aquel fuego, y de 

aquel nanfragio comun y miserable, ecbados de sus 

moradas antiguas, parte se refugidron a las Anurias, 

de que resulto el reino de Leon; parte se enccrro en 

los montes pirineos, en sus cumbres y asperezas, 

donde mornn, y tienen su asiento los Vizcainos y na- 

varros. Estos, coniiados en la fortaleza y fragura de 

aqueilos lugares, no solo defendieron su libertad, sino 

tratdron, y acomptieron tambien, de ayudar a los demas 

de Espana; varones sin duda escelentes; y de mayor 

animo que fuerzas. 

El mismo. 

ESPANOLES ANTIGUOS Y MODERNOS. 
Groseras y sin policia ni crianza fueron antigua- 
mente las costumbres da los Espanoles. Sus ingenios 
mas de fieras, que de hombres. En guardar secreto 



56 NARR AC TONES. 

se sehilaron esfraordinariamente: no eran parte los 
tormentos, pon rigurosos quefupsm, para hacercele que- 
brantar. Sus animos inquietos y bulliciosos: la lige* 
reza de los cuerpos estraordinaria; dados a las reli- 
giones falsas y culto de los dioses: aborrecedores del 
estudio de las ciencias, bien que de grande ingenio. 
E! cual, transferidos en otras provincias, mostrdron 
bastantemente. Ni en la claridad de entendimiento, 
ni en escelencia de memorja, ni aun en lo elocuencia 
y hermosura de las palabras, daban ventaja 1 a ninguna 
o*ra nacion En la guerra fueron mas valientes contra 
los enemigos, que astutos y sagaces. El arreo de que 
usaban, simple y grosero; el mantenimiento mas en 
cantidad que esquisito ni regalado: bfbiande ordinario 
agua, vino poco: contra los malhechores eran rigu- 
rasos. con los estrangeros, benignos y amorosos. 

'Estofue antiguamente; porque en este tiempo mucho 
se han acrecentado asi los vicios, como las virtudes. 
Los estudios de sabiduria fiorecen cuanto en cualquiera 
parte del mundo. En ninguna provincia hai mayores, 
ni mas ciertos premios para la virtud. Ninguna na- 
cion tiene la carrera mas abierta y patente el valor 
y doctrina para adeluntnrse.. En lo que mas se sena- 
hot es en la constancia de la religion y creencia an- 
tigua: con tanto mayor gloria, pues en las naciones 
comarcanas en el mismo tiempo, todos los ritos y cere* 
monias se alterdrdn con. opinio nes nuevas y estrava- 
gantes. Dentro de Espana florec el consejo; fuera 
las annas. Sosegadas las ^uerras domesticas, y echa- 
dos los moros de Espana, liar, peregrinado por gran 
pane del mundo con fortaleza increible. Los cuerpos 

1 Dar vantaja; to be surpassed by. 



•;* 



NARRACIONES. 57 

son, por naturaleza, sufridores de trabajos y de hom- 
bre; virtudes con que han vencido todas las dificul- 
tades que han sido en ocasiones mui grandes por mar 
y por tierra. Verdad es,que en nuestra edad se ablandan 
los naturales, y enflaquecen con la abundancia de 
deleites y con el aparejo que hai de todo gusto y 
regalo. El trato y comunicacion de las otras naciones 
que ctcuden a la fama de nuestras riquezas y tram 
marcaderias que son a proposito para enflaquecer los 
naturales con su regalo y blandura, son ocasion deeste 
dano. Con esto, debilitadas las fuerzas y estragadas 
con las costumbres estrangeras; demas de esto, por la 
disimulacion de los principes, y por la licencia y liber- 
tad del vulgo, muchos viven desenfrenados, sin poner 
fin ni tasa, 1 ni a la Injuria, ni a los gastos ni a los 

arreos y galas. 

El mismo. 

SITIO Y PRODUCCION DE LA ISLA DE CEILAN. 
Es Ceilan una de las mas raras islas del orbe y la 
mas fertil. Face frontera del cabo Comorin, poblada 
y cuitivada con magnificencia. Nacen en ella todas 
las plantas conocidas en las otras partes de la tierra. 
JRieganla. diferentes rios y fuentes, purisimas con esce- 
lentes propiedades de aguas deleitosas y medicinales, 
entre las cuales nacen otras de betun liquido, y alguno 
de puro balsamo. Volcanes de perpetuas llamas, que 
orrnjan entre las asperezas de la montana, losas de 
azufre, y alii mismo altas arboiedas, en cuyas ramas 
se sueUn ver generos, de aves de cuantas vuelun en 
las demas partes del mundo. Jlounda de elefantes tan 
nobles, que les reconocen superioridad los demas, pu- 

V Tasa; used as above, check. 



58 NARRACIONES. 

estos en su presencia. Por su instinto en los de esta 
isla, se puede ajirmar que, ora sea por conocimiento 6 
por habito, tienen sociedad 1 con el ingenio, sent\dos ? 
y aun con la priulencia de los hombres. Aqucl honor de 
no querersc embarcar, si entienden que son llevado& 
para servir a principes en tierras peregrinas; y que 
obedecen, si les juran que les volverdn a su patria. 
Afiigirse<\<? palabras espantosasjg'zwrefar cierta especi'e 
de religion, reconvciendo al sol y la luna. Tienen 
memoria de lo que aprenden, y segun Gilio nos per- 
suade, podemos creer que lloran de noche su servidum- 
bre con angustiosas murmuraciones; y si en medio del 
llanto sobreviene alguna persona, moderan los gemidos 
con vergonzozo movimiento; y en efecto parece que 
sierden el agravio de su merte- En esta tierra les toco 
el cargar y descargar los navios. donde el peso del 
comercio, armas, rnetales, bastimentos, y cualquiera 
otra materia del trato pende de sus colmillos, 6 les 
oprimen la cerviz. De mejor gana sustentan armada 
sobre sus espaldas Ja gente de guerra, y grandes cas^- 
tillos edificados en el las. Sirven a los Chingalas, no 
como en Roma en las espectaculos, sino en las bata- 
Uas, como solian a los Cartagineses. 

Barlolome Leonardo de Argensola. 

TRES ACCIONES FORMAN LA HISTORIA DE AMERICA. 
Los hechos de Cristobal Colon en su admirable na- 
vegacion, y en las primeras empresas de aquel nuevo 
mundo; lo que obi 6 Hernan Cortes con el consejo y 
con las annas en la conquista de nueva Espana, cuyas 
vastas regiones cturan todavia en lo incertidumbre de 

v Tener sociedad; to keep society; used as above, to posses?. 



NARRACIONE& 59 

sus terminos; 1 y lo que se debio a Francisco Pizarro^ 

y trabnjdron los que le suceiieron en sojuzgar aquel 

dilatadisimo imperio de la America Meridional teatro 

de varias tragedias y estraordinarias novedades; son 

tres argumentos de historias grandes, compuestas de 

aquellas hazafias accidentes de ambas fortunas, que 

dan materia 2 dijrna a los anales, agraJable alimento 

a la rnemoria, y utiles egemplos al entendimiento y al 

valor de los hombres. 

Antonio de Solis. 

MUERTE DE MAGISCATZIN. 
'Sintio Hernan Cortes su muerte como perdida in« 
capaz de consuelo; aunque le hacia mas falta como 
amigo que como director de sus intentos, por hallarse 
ya introducido 3 en la voiuntad y respeto de toda la 
republica. P ro el cieio, que al parecer cuidaba* de 
tinimarle para que no desistiese, le socurrio entonces 
con un suceso favorable, que mitigo su tristeza, y puso 
de mejor condicion sus esperanzas. liesolvio otro dia 
Cortes entrar de luto en la ciudad; previnose de ropas 
negras, que vistieron sobre las armas el y sus capi- 
tanes, a cuyo efecto mando tenir algunas mantas de la 
tierra. Hizose la entrada, sin mas aparato que la 
buena ordenanza. y un silencio artificioso en los sol- 
dados, que iba publicando 5 el duelo de su general, 
Tuvo esta demostracion grande aplauso entre los 

1 Durar en la incertidumbumbte de sus terminos; to remain unex- 
plored. 

* Dar materia; to afford matter. 

3 Hallarse introducido; to have obtained. 

4 Que al parecer cuidaba; that appeared to take care. 

. 5 Ir publicando, or publicar; used as above, to show, to demoi^ 
strate. 



60 NARRACIONES. 

nobles y plebeyos de la ciudad, porque amaban todos 
el difunto ccmo padre c'e la patria. Y aunque no se 
pone duda 1 en el sentimiento de Cortes, que se lamen- 
taba muchas vecos de su perdida, y tenia razon para 
sentir\n; se paede creer que vistio el luto con animo de 
ganur voluntades, y que fue una esterioridad a dos 
luces, 2 en que hvzo cuanto pudo por su dolor, sin olvi- 
darse de hacer algo por el aura popular. 3 

El mismo. 

ENCUENTRO DE GIL BLAS CON CHINCHILLA. 
Luego que Uegue k Madrid, establrci mi habitacion 
en una posada, en doude, entre ofrras personas, vivia 
un capilan viejo, que desde las estremidades de Cas- 
ti!!a la Nueva habia venido a. la corte para solicitar 
una pension que creia tener bien me re c id a. Llama- 
base Don Anibal de Chinchilla; no sin espanto le vi la 
primera vez: era un hombre de sesenta afios, de una 
estatura gigantesca, y estraordinariamente flaco. Te- 
nia unos bigotes espesos que subian, retorciendose por 
los dos lados, hasta las sienes; ademas de que le fal- 
taba un brazo y una pierna, tenia lapado un ojo con 
un gram parche de tafetan verde, y ca§i todo su rostro 
Ueno de cicatrices. En el resto era como los otros. 
Por lo demas no [e fait aba* entendimiento, y le sobra- 
ba 5 gravedad. En cuanto a costurobres, era mui es- 
crupuloso, y se picaba sobre todo en puntos de honra. 

1 Poner duda; to doubt. 

2 Ji dos luces; with two objects. 

3 Jlura popular; public applause. 

4 Nofaitar; hot to be deficient in. 

5 Sobrar; to possess something to an excessive degree; as "F 
le sobraba greredacJ;" and he was extremely grave. 



XARRACIONES. fi 

Naturalmente nos interesamos por un hombre va- 
'liente cuando se le ve ajado: le eshorte a que se maii-\ 
iuviera firme; me ofreci a ponerle de balde 1 en limpio 
sus memoriales; llegue hasta abrirle mi bolsillo, y le . 
suplique que tomara lo que qnisiera. Poro no era de 
aqueilos que en semejantes ocasiones esperan pocas. 
siiplicas;. al cootrario, se manifesto mui delicaclo, y me 
rfid las gracias. Despues de esto me dijo que por no 
molestar a nadie, se habia acpstumbrado poco a poco 2 
a vivir con tanta sobriedad, que el menor alimento 
bastaba para su subsistencia, lo que era mui cierto. No 
se alimentaba de otra cosa que cebollas y ajos, y asi 
solo tenia el pellejo y los huesos. Para no tenet tes- 
tigos de sus malas comidas, se encerraba en su cuarto 

a la hora de ellos. 

i , Padre Jose de Isla. 

DESTIERRO DEL CONDE DUQUE. 
Divertiase algunas veces el conde para variar sus 
ocupaciones en cultivar su jardin. Mstdbdie yo un 
dia viendo en aquel inocente trabajo, y me dijo en 
un tono serio y festivo; "que te parece Gil Bias, no 
es un espectaculo tan estrano como divertido, el ver k 
un ministro desterrado de Madrid, hacer de jardinero 
en Loeches?" "Seiior," le respondi en el mismo tono, 
"me parece que estoi viendo a Dionisio Siracusano 
dando la lei en Sicilia, y ensenhando despues a leer j 
escribir a los niiios de Corinto." Sonriose un poco el 
amo y mostro que no le desegradaba el cotejo. Toda 
la familia estaba contentisima y admirada de ver el 
conde tan superior a su desgracia, rebosando de gozo 

1 De balde; gratis. 
1 Poco a poco; by degrees, 
5 



62 NARRACIONES. 

en una vida tan diferente de la que habia tenido hasta 

alii, cuando todos advertimos en el una repentina mu- 

danza que palpablemente iba creciendo, y nos lleno 

de grandisimo dolor. Vimosle taciturno, pensativo, y 

como abismado en una profundfsima melancolia. Man- 

dono todo juego y pasatiempo, huia de la gente, y se 

mostraba insensible a cuanto podiamos hacer y discur- 

rir para divertirle. Luego que acababa de comer se 

encerraba en su cuarto, de donde no salia hasta la 

noche. Parecionos, que aquella tristeza podia tener 

origen en lo memoria de la grandez pasada, y en este 

concepto procardmos dejarlv solo con el religioso su 

confesor; pero su elocuencia tatnpoco pudo triunfar 

de la melancolia del duque, antes bien cada vez se 

descubria mayor. 

El mismo. 

HISTORIA DE ESPANA. 
La peninsula, llamada Espana, solo estd contigua al 
tjontinente de Europa por el lado de Francia, de la 
que separctn los montes Pirineos. Es abundante en 
oro, plata, azogue, hierro, piedras, aguas minerales, 
ganados de escelentes calidades, y pescas tan abun- 
dantes como deliciosas. Esta feliz situacion la iiizo 
obgeto de la codicia de los fenicios y otros pueblos. 
Los Cartagineses, parte por dolo, y parte por fuerza, 
se establecieron en ella; y los Romanos qaisieron com- 
pletar su poder y gloria con la conquista de Espana; 
pero encontrdron una resistencia, que pavecio tan 
estrana, como terrible a los soberbios dueiios de lo 
restante del mundo. Numancia, una sola ciudad, les 
costo catorce aiios de sitio; la perdida de tres egercitos, 
y el desduro de los mas famosos generales, hasta que 



NARRACIONES. 63' 

reducidos los Numantinos a la precision de capitular \ 
6 morir, por la total ruina de la patria, incendidron 
sus casas, arrojdron sus mugeres, ninos, y ancianos en 
las llamas, y salieron a morir en el campo raso con 
las armas en la raano. El grande Escipion/we testigo 
de la ruina de Numancia, pues no puede llamarse pro- 
piamente conquistador de la ciudad: siendo de notar, 
que Liiculo, encargado de levanfar un egereito para 
aquella espedicion, no hallo en la juventud romana 
recfutas que llevar, hasta que el mismo Escipion se 
alUto para animarla. Si los Romanos cgnocieron el valor 
de los Espanoles corao enemigos, tambien esperimentd- 
ron su virtud como aliados. Sagunto sufrio por ellos 
un sitio iguai al de Numancia contra los Cartagmeses, 
y desde entonces for mar on los Romanos de los Es- 
paiioles el alto concepto que se ve en sus autores, ora- 
dores, historiadores, y poetas. Pero ia fortuna de 
Roma, superior al valor humano, la hizo senora de 
Espafia, como de lo restante del mundo, menos algunos 
montes de Cantabria, cuya total conquista no consta 1 
de la historia, de modo que no puede dudarse. Largas 
revoluciones, inutiles de contarsQ en este parage, tra- 
geron del norte enjambres de naciones feroces, codi- 
ciosas y guerreras, que se establecieron en Espana: 
pero, con los. delicias de este clima, tan diferente del 
que hahian dejado, cayeron en tal grado de afemi- 
nacion y flogedad, que a su tiempo fueron esclavos de 
otros conquistadores, venidos del mediodia. Iluyeron 
los Godos Espanoles hasta los montes de una provincia 
hoi llamada Asturias; y apcnas iuvievon tiempo de 
desechar el susto, llorar la perdida de sus casas, f 

1 Constar dt; to fee corroborated b j. 



04 NARRACIONES. 

ruina de su reino, cuando salieron mandados por Pe- 
layo, uno de los may ores hombres que la naturaleza ha 
producido. 

Desde aqui se abre un teatro de guerras, que du~ 
rdron cerca de ocho siglos. Varios reino* se tevantdron 
sobre la ruina de la monarquia Goda Espaiiola, des- 
truyendo el reino que qupridn edificur los Moros en el 
mismo terreno, regado con mas sangre espaiiola.ro- 
mana, cartaginesa, goda, y mora de cuanto se pnede 
poiiderar con horror de la pluma que lo escribd, y de 
los ojos que lo vean escrito. Pero la poblacion de 
esta peninsula era tal, que despues de tan largas 
guerras y tan sangrientas, aun se contaban veinte mi- 
llones de habitantes en ella. Incorpordronse tantas 
provincial, y tan diferentes en dos coronas, la de 
Castilla y lo de Aragon; y ambas en el matrimonii de 
D. Fernando y Dona Isabel, piincipes que serin imor- 
lales entre cuantos scpan lo que es gobierno. La re- 
forma de abusos, aumento de ciencias, humiliacion de 
los soberbios, amparo de la agricultura y otras opera- 
ciones semejantes, fofmdron esta monarquia, ayudolcs 
la naturaleza con un numero increible de vasallos in- 
signes, en letras y armas, y se pudieron haber lison- 
geado de dejar a sus sucesores un imperio mayor y 
mas duradero, que el de Roma antigua, contend o las 
Americas nuevamente descubiertas, si hubieran logra- 
do dpjav su corona a un hcredero varon. jyegoles el 
cielo este gozo a trueque de tantos como les habia 
concedido, y su cetro pdso a la casa de Austria, la cual 
gasto los tesoros, talentos y sangre de los Espaiioles 
en cosas agenas de Espana, por las continuas guerras, 
que asi en Alemania, como en Italia, tuvo que sostener 
Carlos I. de Espana, hasta que cansado de sus mismas 



BESCRIPCIONES, &e. 63 

prosperidades, 6 tal vez conociendo con prudencia las 
vicisitudes de las cosas humanas, no quiso e.sponerse a 
sus reveses, y dejo el trono a su hijo D Felipe II. 

Este principe, acusado por la emulacion, por ambi- 
cioso y politico como su padre, pero menos afortuna- 
do, siguiendo los proyectos de Carlos, no pudo hallar 
los mismos sucesos aun a costa de egercitos, de arma- 
das, y de caudales. Murio dcjando a su pueblo es- 
tenuado con las guerras; afeminado con el oro y plata 
de America; disminuido con la poblacion de un mun- 
do nuevo; disgustado con tantes desgracias, y deseoso 
de descanso. Paso el cetro por las manos de tres 
principes menos activos para manejar tan grande mo- 
narquia; y en la muerte de Carlos II. no era Espaiia 
sino el el esqueleto de un gigante. 

Jose Cadalso. 



DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS Y 
RETRATOS. 



JUICIO FINAL. 
Fiensa cuan terrible sera aquel dia, en el cual se 
averiguardn, las causas de todos los hijos de Adan, y 
se concluirdn los procesos de nuestras vidas, y se 
dard sentencia difinitiva, de lo que para siempre ha 
de ser. Aquel dia abrazard en si los dias de todos 
los siglos, presentes, pasados, y venideros: porque en 
el dard el mundo cuenta de todos estos tiempos, y en 
6* 



65 DESCRTPCTONES, PINTURAS, 

el, derramard Dios la ira y la sana rue tiene recogida 
en todos los siglos. Cuan arrebatado said r a entonces 
aquel tan caudaloso rio de la indignacion divina, te- 
niendo tantas acogidas de ira y sana, cuantos pecados 
se ban hecho desde el principio del mundo! Omsidera 
las senates espantosas que precederdn este dia: porque, 
como <!ice el Salvador, antes que venga este dia, 
habrd senales en el sol y en la luna y en las estrellas, 
y fina.lmente en todas las criaturas del cielo y de la 
tierra: porque todas ellas sentirdn su fin antes que 
fenezcan.y se estremecerdn y comenzaran a caer antes 
que caigart. Mas los hombres, dice* que andardn 
secos y ahilados de muerte, nyendn los brainidos espan- 
tosos del mar, y viendo las grandes olas y tormentas 
que levantard: barruntando por esto las grandes cala- 
midades y iniserias que amenazan al mundu tan tene- 
brosas senales. Y asi andardn atonitos y espantados, 
las caras amarillas y desfiguradas; antes de la muerte 
muertos, y antes del juicio sentenciados, midiendo los 
peligros con sus propios temores, y tan ocupados cada 
uno con el suyo, que no se acordard del ageno aunque 
sea padre 6 hijo. Nadie habrd para nadie; porque 
nadie bastara para si solo. Despues de esto consider a, 
cuan estrecha sera la cuenta que alii a cada uno se 
pedird. Pues <jque sentird entonces cada uno de los 
malos, cuando entre Dios con el en este ecs4men y 
alia dentro de su conciencia, diga asi: ''Ven aca 
bombre malo, <jque viste en mi, porque asi me despre- 
Giaste y te pasaste al vando de mi enemigo? Yo te 
Grie a mi imagen y semejanza, te di la lumbre de la 
fe, te hice cristiano, y te redimi con mi propia sangre. 
Testigos son esta cruz y clavos que aqui parecen; tes- 
tigos estas ilagas de pies y manos que en mi euerpe 



Y ftETRATOS. 6? 

queddron; testigos el cielo y la tierra delante quiea 
faded Pues ^que Iticiste de esa anima tuya, que yo 
con mi sangre nice mia; en cuyo servicio empleastr lb 
que yo compre tan ca # ra*mente? jO generacion loca y 
adultera! <;porque quisiste mas servir a ese enemigo 
tuyo con trabajo, que a mi, tu redentor y criador, 
con alegria? Llameos tantas veces, y no me respoti' 
disteis; toque a vuestras puertas, y no despertastris; 
estendi mis manos en la cruz, y no las mirasteis, 
Menusprecidsteis mis consejos, y todas mis promesas y 
amenazas; pues decid ahora vostros, angeles, juzgad 
vosotros jueces entre mi y mi vina: <jque mas debia yo 
hacer por ella que lo que hice?" Pues ^que responderdn 
aqui los malos, los burladores de las cosas diviuas, los 
mofadores de la virlud, los menospreciadores de la 
simplicidad, los que tuvieron mas cuenta con las leyes 
del mundo, que con las de Dios, los que a todas sus 
voces estuvieron sordos, a todas sus inspiraciones in- 
sensibles, a todos sus mandatos rebeldes,y a todas sus 
azotes y beneficios, ingratos y duros? 

Frai Luis de Granada, 

MORADORES CELESTIALES. 
Despues de la escelencia del lugar, cnnsidera la no-' 
bleza de los moradores; cuyo numero, cuya santidad, 
cuyas riquezas y hermosura, escede todo lo que se puede 
pensar. <?Que cosa puede ser mas admirable? Por 
cierto, cosa es esta, que si bien se considerase, bastaba 
para dejctr atonitos a todos los hombres. Y si cada 
uno de aquellos bienaventurados espintus, aunque sea 
el menor de ellos, es mas hermoso de ver 1 que todo 
este mundo visible; <:que sera el ver tanto numero de 

1 Jtftfs hermoso de ver; more beautiful to the sight. 



6£ DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS, 

espiritus tan hermosos, y ver las perfecciones y oficiog 
de cada uno de ellos? Alii discurren los angeles, 
ministran los arcangels, triunfan los principados, y 
alegranse las protestades, •ensehoreanse las domi- 
naciones, resplandecen las virtudes, relampaguean los 
tronsos, lucen los querubines, y arden los serafines, 
y todos cantnn alabanzas a Dios. 

Pues si la compafiia y comunicacion de los buenos es 
tan dulce y amigable; ,;que sera tratar 1 alii con tantos 
buenos, hablar. con los apostoles, conversar con los 
profetas, con los martires, y con todos los escogidos? 
y si tan grande gloria es gozar de la compania de los 
buenos; ^que sera gozar de la compania y presencia 
de aquel a quien alaban las estrellas de la maiiana, de 
cuyo hermosura el sol y la luna se maravillan, ante 
cuyo acatamiento se arrodillan los angeles y todos 
aquellos espiritus soberanos? <;Que sera ver aquel Bien 
universal, en quien estdn todos los bienes? y aquel 
mundo mayor, en quien estan todos los mundos? y 
aquel que siendo uno, es todas las cosas? y siends 
simplicisimo, abraza las perfecciones de todas. 

El mismo. 

LA INMENSIDAD DEL SENOR. 
Todas las criaturas tienen finitas \ limitadas sus 
naturalezas y virtudes, porque todas las criaste en 
numero, peso, y medida, y les hiciste sus rayas,* y 
sen;iaste ios limites de su jurisdiction. Mui activo es 
el fuego en calmtar, y el sol en alumbrar, y mucho se 
estiende su virtud; mas todavia reconocen estas cria- 



1 Tratar; to have intercourse. 
* Jiacer rayas; to set boundaries. 



Y RRTRATOS. 69 

turas sus fines, y tienen terminos que no pueden pasar. 
Por esta causa paede la vista de nuestra anima llegar 
de cabo a cabo, y compre/zencfcrlas, porque todas ellas 
estdn encerradas, carla una dentro de su jurisdiction. 
Mas vos, senor, sois infinito: no hai cerco que os com- 
prehenda: no hai entenditniento que pueda llegar hasta 
los ultimos terminos de vuestra substancia, porque no los 
tends. Sois sobre todo genero, y sobre toda especie, y 
sobre toda naturaleza criada. Porque asi como no re- 
eonoceis superior, asi no tends jurisdiccion determinada. 
A todo el raundo, que criasteis en tanta grand eza, puede 
dar vuelta por el mar oceano un hombre mortal: porque, 
aunque el sea mui grande, todavfa es finita y limi*ada 
su grandeza. Mas a vos, gran mar oceano, quien. 
podrd rodear? Eterno sois en la duracion, infinito en 
la virtud, y supremo enla jurisdiccion. Ni vuestro ser 
comenzo en tiempo, ni se acaba en el mundo: sois ante 
todo tiempo, y mandais en el mundo, y fuera del mun- 
do; porque llamais las cosas que no son 1 como alas, 
que son. Pues, siendo como sois, tan grande ,:quien os 
conocerd? ;Quien conocerd la alteza de vuestra natu- 
raleza, pues no pnede conocer la bageza de la suya? 
De esta misma anima con que vivimos, cuyos oficios y 
virtud cada hora esperimentamos, no ha habido fiiosofo 
hasta hoi que haya podido conocer la manera de la 
esencia, por ser ella hecha a vuestra imagen y seme- 
janza. Siendo, pues, tal nuestra rudeza, <jcomo podrd 
llegar a conocer aquella soberana e incomprehensible 

snbstaneia? 

EI mism9> 

* S«*; exist. 



70 DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS, 

MONTE DE LA VIRTUD. 
El monte escelso de la virtud estd formado al reb^s 
de 1 todos los demas niontes. En los motites materiales 
son amenas las faldas, y asperas las cumbres: asi como 
se va subipn6o por ellos, se va disminuyphdo la ameni- 
dad, y crwi^mlo la aspereza. El monte de la virtud, 
tiene desabrida la falda, y graciosa la eminencia. El 
que i/uiere arribarle,* a los primeros pasos no encuen- 
tra sino piedras, espinas, y abrojos: asi como se vd 
adelantanio el curso, se va disminuyendo la aspereza, 
y se va descubrimdo la amenidad; hasta que en fin, en 
la cumbre, no se encuentran sino hermosas flores, re- 
galadas plantas, y cristalinas fuentes. El primer 
transito es sumamente trabajoso, y resbaladizo. Lid- 
manle al recien convertido, desde el mar del mundo, 
los cantos de las cirenas. *9terran\e por la parte del 
monte, los rugidos de los leones. Mira con terneza 
la llanura del valle que dejo. Contempla con pavor el 
eeno de la montana a que aspira. Libre de la carcel 
del pecado, aun lleva en sus pasiones las cadenas, 
cuya pe>adumbre conspira con la arduidad del camino, 
para fiacer tardo, y congojoso el movimiento. Oyp a 
las espaldas los blandos clamores de los deleites, que 
le dicen, como a Agustino: "^Es posible que nos aban- 
donas? <;Es posible que te despides, y ausentes de 
nosotros para siempre? No obstante camina afligido 
un poco, tal vez inter rumpiendo el paso algun tropiezo. 
Ya va hallando menos aspera la senda: y a los cla- 
mores de las delicias terrenas hacen menos impresion, 
porque se oyen de mas lejos. Asi lo esperimentaba el 

1 Al rebes de; contrary t^» 
* Arriharle; reach it. 



Y RETRATOS. 71 

,mismo Agustino. Jldelantando algunos pasos mas, ya 
se vd d/escu&rimdo a!go llano el camino; aunque una, 
li otra vez representa 'a. costumbre antigua, los gozados 
placeres, y la dificultad de vivir sin ellos, es tan lan- 
guidamente, y con tanta tibieza, que no hace fuerza 

alguna. 

Feijoo. 

CARACTER DE CHAVES, Y SUS VISIT ANTES. 

Era la Marquesa de Chaves una viuda de treinta y 
oinco anos; bella, alta, airosa y bien proporcianada. 
No tenia hijos, y gazabo, diez mil ducados de renta. 
Nunca vi a muger mas seria, ni que menos hablase. 
Con todo eso era celebrada en Madrid, y generalmente 
tenida por la dama de mayor talento. Lo que quiza 
contribuia mas que todo a esta universal reputacion, 
era la concurrencia a su casa de los primeros personages 
de la Corte, asi en nobieza corao en literatura: proble- 
ma que yo no me atrevere a decidir. Solo due que 
bastaba oir para for mar concepto de un genio superior, 
y su casa era llamada por escelencia: "el tribunal de 
las obras ingeniosas." Con efecto, todos los dias se 
leian en ella ya poemas dramaticos, ya poesias liricas, 
pero siempre sobre asuntos serios. La mejor come- 
dia, el romance 6 la novela mas ingeniosa, mas alegre 
y mas verosimilmente 1 conducida, todo esto se miraba 
como una pueril y ligera produccion, que no merecia 
alabanza alguna. Por el contrario, 2 la minima obra se- 
ria, una oda, un soneto, una egloga pasaba alii por el ul- 
timo esfuerzo del ingenio humano. Sucedia tal vez que 

1 Verosimilmente; regularly. 

* Per el contrario; on the contrary. 



72 DESCniPCIONES, PINTURAS, 

el publico no se cenfortnaba con la decision del tribu- 
nal, antes bien silbnbu 1 la*, obras que habian sidoaplau- 
dirtas en aquel aieopago. La Marqueza me hizo 
maestresala de su casa. Era incumber cia de mi em- 
pleo 2 prrparar el cuarto de mi nueva ama para rcibir 
las gentes, disponiedo taburetes para las da mas, sillas 
para los cabaileros, y cada cosa en su respective sitio; 
queddndome despues en ia antesala, para anunciar e 
introducir a los que Itegaban. Coino todavia no los 
eonocia jo, el primer dia, Molina, que era el ayo 6 
maesl ro de pages me hizu compania en la antesala para 
decivme el nombre de! los que iban entrando; y al mis- 
mo tiempo me inforinabu breve y graciosamente del 
caracter de cada uno. 

En esto vimos entrar a un hombre seco. mui grave, 
cegijunto, y iruncido. JSo le perdono mi caritativo 
instructor. Este es me dijo, uno de aquellos entes 
serios y engarrotados que quieren pasar por hombres 
grandes a favor de algunas sentencias tie Seneca, que sa- 
ben de memoria, y pronuncian con recalcamiento j 
pomposidad, los cuales ecsaminados de cerca, se des- 
Gubre ser unos pobres mentecatos. Tras de este entro 
otro caballerito de buen porte, pero de furioso aire a la 
griega, *qniero drcir de un hombre Ueno y pagado 5 de 
si mismo. Pregunte a Molina quien era, y me respon- 
dio que era un poeta dramatico, el cual kabia com- 

1 Silvar; to whistle; used as above, to run down. 

z Era inewnbencia de mi empleo; it was incumbent on me. 

3 Maestro de pages; first attendant. 

* A la griega. This is an elliptical sentence; having the word 
nioda (fashion) understood. A la griega should therefore be 
translated after the Greek manner or fashion. . 

s Pctgadode-si mismo; conceited. 






Y RETRATOS. 7$ 

puesto cien mil versos que oo le habian valido cuatro 
cuartos; pero que recientemente por solo seis ren- 
glones en prosa habia conseguido formarsQ una buena 
renta. 

jBravo! 1 esclamo el maestro de pages: ya entro en 
casa el Licenciado Campanal. A este se le oye mucho 
antes que se dege ver.* Es un solemnisimo tronera: 
comienza a charlar en voz alta y sonora desde la 
puerta de la calle, y no la d.ja hasta que vuelve a 
salir por ella. 

Con efecto resonnba en toda la casa la voz del Li- 
cenciado Campanal, que en fin aparecio en la antesala 
con otro Bachilier amigo suyo, y prosiguio utrondndo* 
nos a todos, sin ce$ar, en el tiempo que duro la aca- 
demica visita. Este Licenciado, dige a Molina, pa- 
rece hombre de ingenio. Si, lo es, me respondio: tiene 
ocurrencias mui saladas; se espiica con gracia y agu- 
deza; es mui divertida su conversacion; pero es un 
hablador molestihimo, y repite sietnpre sus dichos y 
cuentos. En suma, 3 para no estimar las cosas mas de 
lo que valen, estoi persuadido a que la mayor parte de 
su merito consisfe en aquel agre comico y gracioso con 
que sazuna todo lo que dice; y asi no creo que le 
haria mucho honor una coleccion de sus agudezas y 

gracias, si se diese a luz. 

Padre de Isla. 

1 jBravo! This is an ejaculatory expression, equivalent to the 
English exclamation; Excellent! There! 
8 Dejarse ver; to appear. 
8 En suma; in fine. 



74 DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS, 

P1UMER SALIDA DE DON QUIJOTE. 
Apenas habia el rubicundo Apolo tendido por la faz 
de la ancha y espaciosa tierra, las doradas hebras dc 
sus hermosos cabellos, y apenas los pequeiios y pin- 
tados pajarillos con sus lenguas habian saiudado, con 
dulce harmonia, la venida de la rosada aurora, cuando 
el famoso cabal lero Don Quijote de la Mancha, dejando 
las ociosas plumas, subio su famoso caballo Rocinante, 
y comenzo a caminar por el antiguo y conocido campo 
de Montiel; y anadio, diciendo: "Dichosa edad y siglo 
dichoso aquel en donde saldrdn a luz 1 las famosas 
hazanas mias, dignas de entallarse en bronce, esculr 
pirse en marmoles, y pintarse en tablas para memoria 
en lo futuro." Miguel de Cervantes. 

RETRATO DE GRISOSTOMO* 
Este cuerpo, senores, que con piadosos ojos estais 
mirando,fue depositario de un alma en quien el cielo 
puso infinita parte de sus riquezas. Ese es el cuerpo 
de Grisostomo que fue unico en el ingenio, solo en la 
amistad, magnifico sin tasa, grave sin presuncion, 
alegre sin bageza; y finalmente, primero en todo lo 
que es ser bueno, y sin segundo en todo lo que es y 
fue desdichado. Quiso bien, fue aborrecido; adaro, 
fue desdichado: rogo a una nVra, importurto a un 
marmol, corrio tras el viento, did voces a la soledad, 
sirvio a la ingratitud, de quien alcanzo por premio, 
ser desp<fjo de la muerte en la mitad de la carrera de 
su vida. El mismo . 

1 Salir a luz; to appear, to give to the world, to publish. 

* GHsostmno; is a personage who, in Don Quixote, is supposed 
to have sunk into an untimely grave by the effects of disappoint- 
ed love. 



Y RETRATOS. 75 

EL VALLE DE LOS CIPRESES. 
Llegados Elisio y Timbrio a vista del valle de los 
cipreses, vieron que de el saltan casi otros tantos 
pastores y pastoras, como los que con eilos iban. 
Juntdronse todos, y con sosegados pasos comenzdron a 
entrar por el sagrado valle, cuyo sitio era tan estrano 
y maravilloso, que aun a los mistnos que muchas veces 
le habian visto, causaba nueva admiracion y gusto. 
Levdntanse en una parte de la ribera del famoso Tajo, 
en cuatro diferentes y contrapuestas partes, cuatro 
verdes y apacibles collados, como por muros y defen- 
sores de un hermoso valle, que en medio contienen, 
cuya entrada en el por otros cuatro lugares e.s conce- 
dida; a quien hacen pared 1 de todos lados altos e in- 
finites cipreses puestos por tal orden y concierto, que 
hasta las mismas ramas de los unos y de los otros, 
parece que igualmente van creciendo. Cierran y ocu- 
pan el espacio que entre cipres y cipres se hace, s mil 
olorosos rosales y suaves jazmines, tan juntos y entre- 
tegidos como suelen estar en los vallados de las guar- 
dadas vinas, las espinosas zarzas y puntos&s cunbro- 
neras. De trecho 3 en trecho de estas apacibles entra- 

1 Hacer pared; to cover. 

2 Se hace; literally, makes itself, or is made; but in the above 
sense, exists. It being, in the Spanish language, considered a 
beauty of style, to commence a sentence by a verb, the first oc- 
cupation of the student should be, on translating any passage, to 
look for the nominative. Without this precaution, the version 
into English of this, and many other elegant periods, would be 
attended with much difficulty. 

3 Be trecho en trecho; at various distances. 



76 DESCRIPCTONES, PINTURAS, 

das, se ven correr 1 por entre la verde y menuda yerba, 
claros y frescos arroyos de limpias y sabrosas aguas, 
que en las faldas de los mismos collados, tienen su 
nacimiento. Es el rem ate y fin de estas calles una 
ancha y redonda plaza que los recuestos y los cipreses 
forman, en medio de la cual estd puesta una artificiosa 
fuente de bianco y precioso marmol fabricada. con 
tanta industria y artificio hecha, que las vistosas del 
conocido Tivoli, y las soberbias de la antigua Trina- 
cria no le paeden ser comparadas. Con el agua de 
esta maravillosa fuente se humedecen, y sustentan las 
frescas yerbas de la deleitosa plaza; y lo que mas 
hace a este agradable sitio digno de estimacion y de 
reverencia, es, ser privilegiado de* las golosas bocas 
de los simples corderuelos y mansas ovejas, y de otra 
qualquier suerte de ganado, porque solo sirve de guar- 
dador y tesoro de los honrados huesos de algunos fa- 
mosos pastores. que por general decreto de todos los 
que quedan vivos en el contorno de aquellas riberas, 
se determine y ordena ser dignos y merecedores de 
tener sepultura en este famoso valle. 

El mismo. 

VARUS CIUDADES DE ITALIA. 
En fin, trasnochados y mojados y con ogeras 3 lle- 
gdron a la hermosa y bellisima ciudad de Genova, y 

1 The words, ver, verse, and echar de ver, are frequently used 
as redundant expressions, which should always be omitted in 
English. Thus, for instance; "De trecho en trecho de estas apa- 
cibles entradas, se ven correr por entre la verde y menuda yerba claros 
y frescos arroyos," k.c. should be translated; Through the green 
grass, of these luxuriant entries, run 2 at various distances, calm 
and limpid streams, &c. 

2 Privilegiado de; free from. 

3 Con ogeras; sunken eyes 



Y RETRATOS. J& 

desembarcdndose en su recogido mandrache, despues 
de haber visitado una iglesia, did el capitan con 1 todos 
sus camaradas en una hosteria, donde pusieron en el 
olvido las borroscas pasadas con el presente guade- 
amus. Alii conocieron la suavidad del treviano; el valor 
del monte frascon; la nineria del asperino; la gene- 
rosidad de los dos griegos Candia y Soma; la grandeza 
de las cinco viiias; la dulzura y apacibilidad de la 
senora Guarnacha; la rusticidad de la chentola; sin 
que entre todos estos senores osase paracer la bageza 
del rornanesco. 

Admiraronlv* tambien al buen Tomas los rubios 
cabellos de las genovesas, y la gentileza y gallarda 
disposicion de los hombres, admirable belleza de la 
ciudad, que en aquellas pefias parece que tiene las 
casas engastadas como diamantes en oro. Contentole 
Florencia en estremo, asi por su agradable asiento, 
como por su limpieza, suntuosos edificios, fresco rio, 
y apacibles calles. Estuvo en ella cuatro dias, j 
luego se partid a Roma, reina de las ciudades, y 
senora del mundo. Visito sus templos, adoro sus 
reliquias, y admiro su grandeza: y asi como por unas 
del leon, se view en conocimiento de 3 su grandeza y 
ferocidad; asi el saco* la de Roma por sus despedaza- 
dos marmoles, medias y enteras estatuas; por sus 
rotos arcos, y derribadas termas; por sus magnificos 
porticos, y anfiteatros grandes; por su famoso y santo 

1 Bar con; to meet with. 

2 Jldmlraronle tambien al buen Tomas; old Thomas was also 
pleased with. 

3 Se viene en conocimiento de ; we can form an opinion of. 

* Asi el saco la de; in the game manner he made an estimate of 
that of. 

7* 



78 DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS, 

rio, que siempre llena sus nuirgenes de agua, y las 
beatific- con las infinitas reliquias de cuerpos de mar- 
tires que en el las tubieron sepultura; por sus pueutes, 
que , arecv que se estan mirando unos a otros; y por 
sus calles, que con solo el nombre cobran autoridad 
sobre todas las de las otras ciudades del mundo, la 
via Apia, 1 la Flaminia, la Julia, con otras de esta 
jaez. Pues no le admiraba menos la division de sus 
monies denti-o de si misma, el Olio, el Quirinal, y el 
Vaticano, con los otros cuatro cuyos nombres manifi- 
estan la grandeza y magestad roinana. Nnto tambien 
la autoridad del colegio tie los canlenales, la magestad 
de! Sumo Pontifice, el concurso y variedad de gentes 

y naciones. 

El mismo. 

EL FAMOSO LADRON MONIPODIA. 
Bajo el Senor Monipodio, tan esperado como bien 
visto de aquella virtuosa compania: parecia de cua- 
renta y cinco a cuarenta y seis anos, alto de cuerpo, 2 
moreno de rostro, 3 cegijunto, barbinegro, y mui espre- 
so, los ojos hundidos. Tenia en camisa, y por* la 
abertura de delante descubria un bosque; tanto era el 
\e\\o que tenia en el pecho. Traia una capa de 
bayeta casi hasta los pies, en los cuales traia unos 
zapatos enchancletados. Cubrianle las piernas unos 
zaragliellos de lienzo anchos y largos hasta los tobillos: 
el sombrero era de los de hampa, 4 campanudo de copa, 
y tendido de falda: atravembale un tahali por espalda 

J La via Apia, Flaminia, Julia; names of the principal streets 
•f Rome. 

* Mo de cuerpo; of a high stature, tall. 
§ Moreno de rostro; of dark complexion. 

* De los de hampa; of those worn by vagabonds. 



Y RETRATOS. 79 

y pechos, a donde colgaba una espada, ancha y corta 

a modo de las del perrillo, 1 las manos eran cortas y 

pelosas, los dedos gordos, y las unas hembras y re- 

machadas: 2 las piernas no se le parecian^ pero los 

pies eran descomunales de anchos y juanetudos. En 

efecto el representaba el mas nistico y disfonne bar- 

baro del mundo. 

£1 mismo. 

EDAD DE ORO. 
Dichosa edad y siglos dichosos aquellas a qulen los 
antiguos pusieron nornbre de dorados; y no porque en 
ellos el oro que en nuestra edad de hierro tanto se 
estimn se alcanzase en aquella veniurosa, sin fatiga 
alguna, sino porque entonces los que en ella vivian, 
ignoraban estas dos palabras de tuyo y mio. Eran en 
aquella santa edad todas las cosas comunes: a nadie 
le era necesario para alcanzar su ordinario sustento 
tomar otro trabajo, que afzar la mano, y alcanzarle de 
las robusras encinas que liberalmente les estaban con- 
vidando con su dulce y sazonado fruto. Las claras 
fuentes, y corrientes rios en magnifica abundancia 
sabrosas y transparentes aguas les ofrecian. En las 
quiebras de las penas, y en los huecos de los arboles, 
formaban su repiiblica las solicit as y discretas abejas, 
ofreciendo a cualquiera mano, sin interes alguuo, la 
fertil cosecha de su dulcisimo trabajo. Los valientes 
alcornoqucs despedian de si, 3 sin otro artificio que el 
de su cortesia, sus anchas y livianas cortezas con que 
se comenzdron a cubrir las casas sobre rusticas estacas 

1 A modo de las del perrillo ; like a cutlass. 

* Unas hembras y remachadas; flat and short nails. 

3 Despedir de si; to give of themselves. 



80 DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS 

sustentadas, no mas que para defensa de las incle- 
mencias del cielo. Todo era paz entonces, todo amis- 
tail, todo concordia; aun no se habia atrevido la pesada 
reja del corbo arado a abrir ni visitar las entranas 
piadosas de nuestra primera mad re, 1 que el la sin ser 
forzada ofrecia por tod as las partes de su fertil y 
espacioso Sf-no lo que pudiese hartar, sustentar, y de- 
leitar a los hijos que entonces la poseian. Entonces 
si que andaban las simples y hermosas zagalejas de 
valle en valle, y de otero en otero, en trenza y en 
cabello, sin mas vestidos de aquellos que eran menestei* 
para cubrir honestamente lo que la honestidad quiere 
y ha querido siempre que se cubro. Y no eran sus 
adornos de los que ahora se usan, a quien la purpura 
de Tiro, y la por tantos modos martirizada seda enca- 
recen,* sino de algunas hojas de verdes lampazos y 
yedra entretegidas, con lo que quiza iban tan pom- 
posas y compuestas, como van ahora nuestras corte- 
sanas con las raras y peregrinas invenciones que la 
curiosidad ociosa les ha mostrado. Entonces se de~ 
coraban los conceptos amorosos del alma simple y 
sencillamente, del mismo modo y manera que ella los 
concebiu, sin buscar artificioso rodeo de palabras para 
encarecerlos. No habia el fraude, el engan .», ni la 
malicia mezcldndose con la verdad y llaneza. La 
justicia se estaba en sus propios terminus, sin que la 
osdsen turbar ni ofender los del favor y los del interes, 
que tanto ahora la menoscaban t turban y persiguen. 

El mismo. 

1 Nuestra primera madre; our first mother ; meaning the earth. 
8 F la por tantos modos martirizada seda; and the silk worked in 
so many ways. 



Y RETRATOS. SI 

LA GITANILLA PRECIOSA. 
Parece pue los gitanos y gitanas solamente nacierou 
en el mundo par ser ladrones; nacen de padres la- 
drones, y finalmente salen con ser ladrones corrientes 
y molientes a todo ruedo, 1 y la gana de huHar son en 
ellos como accidentes inseperables que no se quitan 
sino con la muerte. Una, pues, de esta nacion, gitana 
vieja, que podia ser jubilada en la ciencia de Caco, 2 
crio una muchar.ha en nombre de nieta suya, a quien 
puso por nombre Preciosa, y a quien enseno toda9 
gitanerias y modos de embelecos y trazas de hurtar. 
Salio la tal preciosa la mas unica 3 bailadora que se 
hallaba en todo el gitanismo, 4 y la mas hermosa y 
discreta que pudiera hallarse, no entre los gitanos, 
sino entre cuantas hermosas y discretas pudiera pu- 
blicar la fama. Ni los soles ni los aires, ni todas las 
inclemencias del cielo, a quien mas que otras gentes 
estdn sugetos los gitanos, pudieron deslustrar su rostro, 
ni cartir sus manos; y lo que es mas, que la crianza 
tosca en que se criaba, no descubria en ella sino ser 
nacida de mayores prendas que de gitana, porque 
era en estremo cortes y bien razonada; y con todo eso 

1 Corrientes y molientes « todo ruedo; a familiar manner of ex- 
pressing; complete; consummate. 

2 Jubilada en la ciencia de Caco; jubilado-SL — is generally ap- 
plied to a person, who having behaved honourably in any trust; 
or having shown transcendant talents for it; is, at the end of 
some time, exonorated from its duties, and enjoys, notwith- 
standing, its immunities, privileges and honours. Used as above, 
however, it means, skilful, perfect; thus, "skilful, or perfect, in 
the science of Cacus." 

3 La mas unica; the greatest. 

4 Gitanismo; the whole body of the gypsies. 



S£ DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS. 

era algo desenvuelta, pero no de modo que 1 descubriest 

algun genero de deshonestidad; antes con ser aguda 

era tan honesta, que en su presencia no osaba alguna 

gitana vieja ni moza cantar cantares lascivos, ni decir 

palabras no buenas. Y finalmente la abuela conocio el 

tesoro que en la nieta tenia, y asi determine el itguila 

vieja sacar a volar 2 el aguilucho 3 y ensenarlz a vivir 

por sus unas. 

El mismo. 

DESCANSO DE SANCHO. 

;< ;0 tii, bienaventurado sobre cuantos vivm sobre la 
haz de la tierra, pucs sin tener envidia ni ser envidiado, 
duermes con sosegado espiritu, ni te persiguen encan- 
tadores, ni sobresaltan encantamientos! Duerme, digo 
otra vez, y lo dire otras ciento, sin que te tengan en 
continua vigilia, celos de tu dama, ni te dt'svelen pen- 
samientos de pagar deudas que debas, ni de lo que has 
de hacer para comer otro dia tu y tu pequena y an- 
gustiada familia. Ni la ambicion te inquitta 9 ni la 
pompa vana del mundo te fatiga, pues los limites de 
tus deseos no se estimden a mas que a pensar en tu 
jumento, que el de tu persona sobre mis hombros se 
tiene puesto; contrapeso y carga, que puso la natu- 
raleza y la costumbre a los seiiores. Duerme el criado, 
y esta velanao el senor, pensando como le ha de sus« 
tentar mejorar y hacer mercedes. La congoja de ver 
que el cielo se hace de bronce sin acudir a la tierra 
con el conveniente rocio, no afiige al criado sino al 
seiior, que ha de su^tentar en la esterilidad y hambre 
al que le sirvio en la fertilidad y abundancia. 

El mismo. 

1 De modo que; in a manner. 

* Sacar a volar; to draw from the nest. 

* tiguilucho; a diminutive from dguila; meaning, eaglet. 



Y RETRATOS. S3 

SITUACION PASADA DE GALATEA. 

Las selvas eran antes mis companeras, en cuya 

soledad muchas veces, convidada de la suave harmo* 

nia de los dulces p jarillos, despedia la voz a mil 

honestos cantares, sin que en ellos mezclase suspiros 

ni razones, que de enamorado pecho diesen indicio 

alguno. ;Ai! cuantas veces solo por contentarme a mi 

inisma, por dar lugar al tiempo que se pnsase, andaba 

de ribera en ribera, de valle en valle, cogiendo aqui la 

blanca asucena, alii el cardeno lirio, aca la colorada 

rosa, acuila la olorosa clavellina, haciendo de todas 

suertes de odoriferas flores una tegida guirnalda con 

que adornaba y recogia mis cabellos, y despues mi- 

rdndome en las claras y reposadas aguas de alguna 

fuente, qnedaba tan gozosa de kaberme visto, que no 

trocara mi contento por otro alguno! Pasaba yo mi 

vida tan alegre y sosegadamente, que no sabia que 

pedir mi deseo. 

El mismo. 

LA POBREZA. 
jO pobreza, pobreza! no se yo con que razon se 
movio aquel gran poeta cordoves 1 a tlainurfe dadiva 
santa desagradecida. Yo, auuque moro, bien se por ia 
coinunicacion que he tenido con cristianos, que la 
santidad cunsiste en la caridad, humildad, fe, obedi- 
encia, y pobreza; pero con todo eso digo que ha de 
tener mucho de Dios 2 el que se viniere a contem'ar con 
ser pobre, si no es de aquel modo de pobreza de quien 

i Cervantes alludes to Seneca, who was born in Spain, in a 
city of the province of Andalusia, called Cordova; from which is 
formed the patronimick noun, Cordoves, (a native of Cordova.) 

2 Q,tte ha de tener mucho de Dios; must be very much of a God, 



84 DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS, 

dice uno de sus mayores santos: "tened todas las cosas 

como si no las tubieseis" y a esto Hainan pobreza dc 

espiritu. Pero tu, segunda pobreza, que eres de la 

que yo hablo, ,;p6rque quieres estrellurte con 1 los 

hidalgos y bien nacidos* mas que con la otra genter 

Pdrque les obligas a dar pantalia s a los zapatos, y a 

que los botones de sus ropillas unos sean de seda, 

otros de cerdas, y otros de vidrio? ^-Porque sus cuellos 

por la mayor parte han de ser siempre escarolados, y 

no abiertos con molde? 4 jMiserable del nacido, que 

va dando pistos 5 a su honra comlendn mat y a puerta 

cerrada, hacienda hipocrita al palillo de dientes 6 con 

que sale a la calle despues de no haber comido cosa 

que le obligue a UmpidrselosJ Miserable de aquel, 

digo, que tiene la honra espantadiza, ' y piensa, que 

desde uua legua se le dsscubre el remiendo del zapato, 

el trasudor del sombrero, la hilaza del herreruelo, y 

la hambre de su estomago. 

Ei mismo. 

PODER DEL DESEO DE GLORIA. 
El deseo de alcanzar fa ma es activo en gran ma- 
nera. ,;Quien piensas tu que arrojo a Horacio de 
puente abajo 8 armado de todas ai mas en la protundidad 
del Tibre? ^Quien abrcso el brazo y la mano a Mucio? 
^Quien impelio a Curcio a lanzarse en la profunda sima 

1 Estrellarse con; to fall out with. 

2 Bien nacido; well bred: in tie above sense, rich. 

3 Dar pantdlia; to bid farewell. 

4 Con molde, or de molde; perfectly; exactly; opportunely. 
s Dar pistos; to increase slowly. 

* Palillo de dientes; tooth-pick. 

* Qwe tiene la honra espantadiza; who is afraid of his reputatios. 
8 Pitente abajo; down the bridge. 



Y RETRATOS. 85 

ardiente que aparecio en la mitad de Roma? <?Quien 

contra todos los agiieros que en contra se le hablan 

rnostrado hizo pasar el Rubicon a Cesar? Y con 

egemplos mas modernos. Quien barreno los navios, y 

dejo en seco, 1 aislados los valerosos espafioles guiados 

por el cortesisimo Cortes en el Nuevo mundo? Todas 

estas y otras grandes y diferentes hazaiias, son, fuerun, 

y serdn obras de la farna que los mortales desean como 

premio y parte de la inmortalidad que sus famosos 

hecbos merecen. Puesto que 2 los cristianos catolicos, 

y andantes caballeros, mas habemos de atender a la 

gloria de los siglos venideros, que es eterna en las re- 

giones etereas y celestes, que a la vanidad de la fama 

que eneste presente y acabable siglo se alcanza, asi, 6 

Sancho, que nuestras obras no ban de salir del limite 

que nos tie.ne puesto la religion cristiana que profesa- 

mos; hemos de matar en los gigantes, a la soberbia; a 

la envidia, en la generosidad y buen pecho; 3 a la ira, 

en el reposado continente y quietud del animo; a la 

gula y al sueiio, en el poco comer 4 que comemos, y en 

el mucho velar que velamos; a la lujuria y lascivia; en 

la lealtad que giutrdamos a las que homos hecho 

senoras de nuestros pensamientos; a la pereza, con 

andar por todas partes del mundo buscando ocasiones 

que nos puedan hacer y hagan, sobre cristianos, fa- 

mosos caballeros. 

El mi»mo. 

1 En seco; on land. 

2 Putsto que; since. 

8 Buen pecho; good will. 

* Crmer and velaf\ are here used as substantives, meanings 
eating, and sitting up; governed in the objective case by come- 
mo$ and velamos. 



86 DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS, 

FERNANDO REI DE ARAGON. 
Tenia el ingenio claro, el juicio grave y acertado, 
ia condicion suave y cortes, y clemente con los que 
iban a negociar. Fue diestro para las cosas de la 
guerra, para el gobierno sin par: 1 tan amigo de los 
negocios, que parecia con los trabajos descansaba. El 
Querpo no con deleites regalado, sino con el vestido 
honesto y comida templada, acostumbrado a proposito 
para sufrir trabajos: la avaricia de que le tachan se 
puede escusar con la faltaque tenia de dineros, y estar 
enagenadas las rentas reales. Al rigor y severidad en 
castigar, de que asi mismo le cargan, dieron ocasion 
los tiempos y las costumbres tan estragadas. Los 
escritores estranos le achaean de hombre astuto, y que 
a veces faltaba en la palabra si le venia mas a cuento. 2 
No quiero tratar si esto fue verdad, si invencion en 
odio de nuestra nacion: solo advierto. que la malicia 
de los hombres acostumbra 3 a las virtudes verdaderas 
poner nombre de los vicios que les son semejables; como 
tambien al contrario, vnganan y son alabados los vicios 
que semejan a las virtudes. Ademas que se acomo- 
daba al tiempo, al lenguage, al trato y manas que en- 
tonces se usaban. La ingratitud que con el se uso, 
acrecento su gloria, y aun le preservo que en lo ultimo 
de su edad no tropezase, como sea cosa dificultosa y 
rara, navegar muchas veces sin padecer alguna borras- 
ca. A muchos grandes personages con el discurso del 
tiempo se les escurece la claridad y fama que primero 
gandron. El tiempo le corto la vida: su nombre com- 



1 Sin par; without equal. 

8 Venir mas a cuenta; to be more advantageous 

3 tfcestumbra a pener; to be apt to give. 



Y RETRATOS. 87 

petird con lo que el mundo durare. 1 Principe el mas 
senalado en valor, justicia y prudencia que en muchos 
siglos Espana tuvo. Tachas a nadie pueden f altar, sea 
por la fragilidad propia, 6 por la malicia y envidia 
agena, que combate principalmente los altos lugares. 
Espejo, sin duda, por sus grandes virtudes, en que 
fodos los pnncipes de Espafia se debe.n mirar. 

Padre Juan de Mariana. 

DON ALVARO DE LUNA. 
De bajos principios subio a la cumbre de la buena 
andanza; 2 de ella le despeno la ambicion. Tenia bue- 
nas partes naturales, condicion y costumbres no malas: 
si las faltas, si los vicios sobrejmjasen, el suceso y el 
remate lo muestran. Era de ingenio vivo y de juicio 
agudo, sus palabras concertadas y graciosas: usaba de 
donaires con que p'icaba, aunque era naruralmente 
algo impedido en la habla: su astucia y disimuiacion 
grandes; el atrevimiento, soberbia, y ambicion, no me- 
nores. Todas estas calidades comenzdron desde sus 
primeros arios: con la edad se fueron aumentando. 
Mlegose el menosprecio que tenia de los hombres, 
como enfermedad de poderosos. Dejdbase visitar con 
dificultad: mostrdbase aspero, en especial de media 
edad adelante; 3 fue en la colera miu desenfrenado, 
ecsasperado con el odio de sus enemigos, y desapode* 
rado por los trabajos en que se vio: a manera de fiera 
que agorrochean en la leonera y despues la sueltan, no 

1 Competira con lo que el mundo durare; will last as long as the 
world. 

2 Buena, or bien andanza; an obsolete expression, meaning 1 , 
good fortune. 

? De media adad adelante; after his middle age?. 



88 DESCRIPCIONES, PINTURAS, 

dejaba de barer riza. 1 <;Que estragos no hizo con el 

deseo ardiente que tenia de venqarse? Con estas 

costumbres no es maravilla que cayese; sino cosa ver- 

gonzosa que por tanto tiempo se conservase Varon 

verdaderamente grande, y por la misma variedad de 

la fortuna maravilloso. 

El mismo. 

PEDRO EL CRUEL. 
Fue este un estrafio egemplo, paraque en los siglos 
venideros tuviesen que considerar, se admirasen, y 
temiesen; y supiesen tambien que las maldades de 
los principes las castiga Dios no solamente con el 
odio y mala voluntad con que raientras viven' son 
aborrecidos, sino con la memoria de las historias, en 
que son eternamente afrentados y aborrecidos por 
todos aquellos que las leen, y sus almas sin des- 
canso serein para siempre atormentadas. Luego que* 
murio el Rei D. Alonso su padre, fue, como era 
razon, en los reales 3 de Algeciras apellidado por rei, 
si bien* no tenia mas de quince afios y siete meses. 
Su edad no era a proposito para cuidados tan graves: 
su natural mostruba capacidad de cualquier grandeza. 
Veianse en el muestras 5 de grandes virtudes, de osadia 
y consejo: su cuerpo no se rendia con el trabajo, ni el 
espiritu con ninguna dificultad podia ser vencido. 
Entre estas virtudes se veian no menores vicios, que 
entonces asomaban, y con la edad fueron mayores: 

1 Wo dejaba de hacer riza; he did not fail to commit havock". 
* Lu*°-o que; as soon as. 

3 Lou reales; the r yal personages. 

4 Si Men; although 

5 Yeianse en el muestras; he gave signs- 



Y RETRATOS. 89 

tener en pococo 1 y menospreciar las gentes, decir pala- 
bras afrentosas, oir soberbiamente, dar audiencia con 
dificultad, no solamente a los estranos, sino a los mis- 
mos de su casa. Estos vicios se mostraban* en su 
tierna edad: con el tiempo se les juntdron la avaricia, 
la disolucion, la lujuria, y la aspereza de su condi- 
tion y costumbres. No faltdron perversos hombres 
que conquistaban la tierna edad y voluntad del rei con 
u n pesimo genero de servicio, que era proponerle todas 
las maneras de torpes entretenimientos, y ayudarle a 
conseguir sus deseos deshonestos, sin ningun respeto 
de lo honesto 3 ni miedo de los hombres. En grandlsi- 
mo perjuicio de la republica grangeaban el favor y 
privanza del rei. En el palacio todo era deshonesti- 
dad: fuera de el todo crueldad, a la cual todos los 
demas vicios reconocian y daban ventaja. 4 

£1 mismo. 

1 Tener en-poco; to contemn; to disregard. 

2 Mostrarse; to show one's self; used as above, to appear. 

3 De lo honesto. Lo, is a neuter article, meaning, that which. 
When used in cases as above; we should, in translating it, with- 
out sacrificing its meaning, pay all the respect due to the genius 
of the English. In place, therefore, of rendering the above sen- 
tence by, to that ivhich ivas honest; it were much better to translate 
it by, to honesty. 

4 Y daban ventaja; and acknowledged its superiority. 



** 



ARENGAS,* Y COMPARACIONES. 



RAZONAMIENTO DE BAUCIO CAPETO.f 
De animo cobarde y sin brio es llora* las desgracias 
y miserias, y fuera de las la&rimas no poner ningun re- 
medio a la desventura y trabajos. Por ventura ,;no 
nos acordareinos que somos varones, y tomadas luego 
las armas vengafremos las injurias recibidas? No sera 
dificultoso cchar de to<'a la provincia unos pocos la- 
drones, si los que en niimero esfuerzo y causa les 
hacemos ventaja, 1 jnufau\os con esto la concotdia de 
los animos Para esto hdgamns presente y gracia* de 
las quejas particulares que unos contra otros tcnemos 
a la patria comun, porque las enemi^tades particulares 
no scan parte para imped imos 8 el camino de la verda- 
dera gloria. Demas de esto, no debeis pensar que en 
vengar nuestros agravios se ofcnderi Dios y la religion, 
que cs el velo de que ellos se cubrev. Ca 4 el cielo, no 
suric favoreccr a la ma! dad; acudira a los que padecen 
injustamente; ni hai paraque tcmer la felicidad y bue- 
na andanza de que tanto tiempo gozan nuestros ene- 
migos. 

* Under arengas (speeches) are comprehended, apostrophes, in- 
vocations, &c. 

f Against the Phoenicians, his enemies. 
1 Hacer ventaja; to surpass. 

* Hagamos presente y gracia; let us banish; or, let us forget. 

3 No sean parte para impedimos; should not prevent us from 
following. 

* €d; a very antiquated expression, meaning, because. 



ARENGAS, Y COMPARACIONES. 91 

Antes debeis pensar, que Dios acostumbra dar 
ma} r or felicidad y sufrir mas tiempo sin castigo aque- 
llos de quien pretende tomar mas entera venganza, y 
en quien qaiere hncer mayor castigo, paraque sietitan 
mas la mudanza y'miseria en que caen. 

El mismo. 

RAZONAMIENTO DE DON FELAYO.* 
Convicne usar de presteza y de valor paraque los que 
ienemos la justicia de nuestra parte, sobrepngemos a 
los contrarios en el esfuerzo. Con corazones atrevidas 
avivemos la esperanza de recobrar la libertad, y en- 
gyvtdremusla. en los animos de nuestros hermanos. El 
egercito de los enemigos derramado por muchas partes, 
y la fuerza de su campo pstci embarazada en Francia. 
Jlcudamos, pu<*s, con esfuerzo y corazon: que esta es 
buena ocasion para pelear por le antigua gloria de la 
guerra, por los altares y religion, por los hijos, mugeres, 
parientes, y aliados que esian puestos en una indigna 
y graviVima servidumbre. Pesada cosa es relatar sus 
ultrages, nues'ras miserias y peligros, y cosa mui vana 
encarecprlzs con palabras, rferramar Iagrimas, despedir 
suspiros. Lo que hnce al caso es % aplicar algun re- 
medio a la enfermedad, dar muestra de vuestra noble- 
za, y acordaroa que suis nacidos de la nobilisima san- 
are de los Godos. 

La prosperidad y regalos nos enflnquecieron, e hici- 
eron caer en tantos males; las adversidades y trabajos 
nos avimn y nos despiertan. ;0 grande y entranable 
dolor, fortuna trabajosa y aspera, que vosotros mismos 

*When Pelagus (Palayo) wished to rouse the natives of Asturiai 
against the Saracens, he addressed them with the above speech. 
1 Lo que hace al caso es; what we must do is, 



92 ARENGAS, Y COMPARACIONES. 

seals despojados de vuestras vidas y haciendas! todg 
lo cual es forzoso que padezcan los vencidos. ^Poneis 
la confianza en la fortaleza y aspereza de esta comar- 
ca? A los cobardes y ociosos ninguna cosa pue.de ase- 
gurar; y cuando los enemigos n,o nos acometiesen 
^como pocli'd esta tierra, esteril y menguada de todo ? 
sustentar tanta gente como se ha recogido a estas 
montanas? El pequeno numero de nuestros soldados 
os hace dudar; pero debeis acordaros de los tiempos 
pasados y de los trances variables de las guerras, por 
donde podeis entender que no vencen los muchos, sino 
los esforzados. Estoi determinado con vuestra ayuda, 
de acometer esta empresa y peligro, bien que mui 
grande; por el bien comun, mui de buena gana; y en 
tanto que yo viviere mostrarme enemigo, no mas 1 a 
estos barbaros, que a cualquiera de los nuestros que 
rehusare to mar las arrnas y ayudamos en esta guerra 
sagrada, y no se determinare de veneer 6 morir antes 
de sufrir vida tan miserable, tan estrema afrenta y 
desventura. La grandeza de los castigos hard enten- 
der h los cobardes que no son los enemigos los que 

mas deben temer se. 

£1 mismo. 

ESHORTACION DE OPAS* A DON PELAYO. 
Cuanta haya sido la gloria de nuestra nacion ni tii la 
ignoras, ni hai para que reiatarla. al presente. Por gran- 
de parte del mundo estendimos nuestras armas: a los 
romanos, senores del mundo, quitamm a Espana: swe- 
tamos y veneimos con nuestro esfuerzo naciones fieras 

J JVo mas; literally, not more; but in the above sense, not less. 
44 Opas; a traitor, who, having passed to the service of the 
Moors, is anxious to induce Pelagus to follow his vile example. 



ARENGAS, Y COMPARACIONES. 93 

j barbaras, pero ultimamente hemos sido vencidos por 
los moros; y para egemplo de la inconstancia de la 
felicidad humana, de la bien andanza, donde poco 
antes nos halldbamos, hemos eaido en grandes y estre- 
mos trabajos. Si cuando nuestras fuerzas las teniamos 
enteras, no fuimos bastantes a resistir <;por ventura, 1 
ahora que estdn por el suelo, 2 pensamos prevalecer? 
^Por ventura esa cueva, en que pocos a manera de la- 
drones estais encerrados, y como fieras cercados de 
redes, sera parte para 3 libvaros de un egercito que es 
de no menos que de sesenla mil hombres? Los peca- 
dos, sin duda, de toda Esjiana con que tenemos irri- 
tado a Dios, que aun no parece estd harto de nuestra 
sangre, os ciegan los ojos paraque no veais lo que os 

conviene. 

El mismo. 

RAZONAMIENTO DE MONTEZUMA A CORTES. 

Antis que me dels la embajada, 4 ilustre Capitan y 
valerosos estrangeros del prfncipe grande que os envia, 
debeis vosotros, y debo yo, desestimar y poner en olvi- 
do 5 lo que ha divulgado la fama de nuestras personas 
y costumbres, introducienclo en nuestros oidos aquellos 
vanos rumores que van delante de la verdad, y suelen 
obscureceiAa. declinando en lisonja 6 vituperio. En 
algunas partes os habrdn dicho de mi, que soi uno de 

1 Por ventura; perchance; peradventure; used as above, shall 
we? 

3 Por el suelo; on the flour; used as above, half dispersed; half 
routed. 

3 Ser parte para; literally to be a part to. Its meaning is, 
however, to be a sufficient obstacle, barrier, &c. 

4 Dar una embajada; to deliver an embassy. 

5 Poner en Qlmdo\ to forget. 



94 ARENGAS, Y COMPARACIONES. 

los Dioses inmortales, levantando hasta los cielos mi 
poder y mi naturaieza; en otras, que se desvela c«n 
mis opulencias la fortuna, 1 que son de oro las paredes 
y los ladrillos de mis palacios, y que no caben en la 
tierra mis tesoros; y en otras, que soi tirano, cruel, y 
soberbio, que aborrezco la justicia, y que no conozco 
la piedad. Pero los unos y los otros os han enganado 
con iguai encarecimiento; y para que no imagineis 
que soi alguno, 2 6 conozcais el desvario de los que asi 
me imaginan, esta proporcion de mi cuerpo (y desnudu 
parte del brazo) desenganard vuestros ojos de que 
hablais con un hombre mortal, de la misma especie, 
pero mas noble y mas poderoso que los demas hom- 
bres. Mis riquezas no niego que son grandes; pero 
las hace mayores la ecsageracion de mis vasallos. 
Esta casa que habitats es uno de mis palacios: mirad 
esks paredes hechas de piedra y cal, materia vil que 
de.be al arte su estimacion, y colegid de uno y otro, el 
mismo engano y el mismo encarecimiento que os hU' 
bieren dicho de mis tiranias. suspendiendo el juicio, 
hasta que os enterals de mi razon, y desprecinndo ese 
lenguage de mis rebeldes, hasta que veais si es castigo 
lo que llaman infelicidad, y si pueden acusarle sin 
dejar de 3 merecerle. No de otra suerte 4 han llegado a 

1 Que se desvela en mis opulencias la fortuna; that fortune seems 
anxious for the preservation and increase of my opulence. 

2 Algwno; any; that is, neither a God, nor a tyrant. 

3 Sin dejar de; without. The student will have observed, that 
the phrase, no dejar de, is of very frequent use in Spanish. It is 
a negative expression, which, when added to other words, con- 
veys a meaning of affirmation; as, El no dejo de venir; he did not 
fail to come; that is, he came. 

4 Jfo de otra suerte han venido a nueslros oides; in the same Rl^n^ 
mer: or,we have likewise heard, 



ARENGAS, Y COMPARACIONE& Sd 

nuestros oidos varios informes de vuestra naturaleza y 

operaciones. Algunos han dicho que sois deidades, 

que os obedecen las fieras, que manejnis los rayos, y 

mandais en los elementos; y otros, que sois facinerosos, 

iracundos, y soberbios, que os dejais dominar de los 

vicios, y que vents con una sed insaciable del oro que 

produce nuestra tierra. Pero yo veo que sois hombres 

de la misma composicion y masa que los demas, aun- 

que os diferencian de nosotros algunos accidentes de 

los que suele influir el temperamento de la tierra en 

los mortales. 

Antonio de Solis. 

RAZONAMIENTO DE CARLOMAGNO.* 
Cuan fea cosa sea que las armas francesas, mui se- 
fialadas por sus triunfos y trofeos, sean vencidas por 
los pueblos mendigos de Espana, envdecidos por la 
larga servidumbre; aunque yo lo calle, la misma cosa 
lo declara. E! nombre de nuestro imperio, la fuerza 
de vuestros pechos os debe miimav. Jlcorduos de vues- 
tras grand es hazanas, de vuestra nobleza, de la honra 
de vuestros antepasadcs; y los que, vencidas tantas 
provincias, disteis leyes a gran parte del mundo, tened 
por cosa mas grave 1 que la misma muerte, dejaros 
veneer de gente desarmada y vil, que a manera de 2 
ladrones no se arrevieron a pelear en campo raso. 3 La 
estrechura de los lugares en que esiamos, no da lugar 

* Charlemagne delivered the above speech to his soldiers, be- 
fore he entered into battle with the Spaniards, in Roncesvalles. 

1 Tened por cosa mas grave; consider it a more awful circum- 
stance. 

2 Que a manera de; who, like. 

3 En campo raso; in the open field. 



96 ARENGAS, Y COMPARACIONES. 

para huir, ni seria justo pomr la esperanza en los pies, 

los que tenets las annas en las raatfos. Los enemigos 

por la pobreza, miseria, y maltratamiento estdn flacos 

y sin fuerzas: el egercito se ha juntado de moros y 

cristianos que no convuerdan en nada, antes se dife- 

rencian en costumbres, leyes, estatutos, y religion. 

Vosotros teneis un mismo corazon, una misma volun- 

tad, y una misma necesidad, pelear por la vida, por la 

patria, por la gloria. 

Padre Juan de Mariana. 

ESCLAMACIONES DE UN CAUTIVO. 

jO lamentables ruinas de la desdichada Nicosia, 

apenas enjutas de la sangre de vuestros vaierosos y 

mal afortunados defensores! Si como careceis de sen- 

tido, le iutvierais ahora en esta soledad donde estamos, 

puctieramos lamentar juutamente nuestras desgracias; 

y cpitzd el haber hallado compania en ellas, uliviara 

nuestro tormento. Esta esperanza os puede haber 

quedado, mal derribados torreones, que otra vez, aun- 

que no para tan ju»ta defensa como la en que os Uerri- 

bdron, os podeis ver 1 .vantados. Mas yo, destiichado, 

<jque bien podre esperar en la miserable es«recheza en 

que me hallo, aunque vuelva al estado en que estaba 

antes de este en que me v-tu? Tal es mi desdicha, 

que en la libertad fui sin ventura, y en el cautiverio 

ni la tengo ni la e.spero. 

Miguel de Cervantes. 

INVOCACION AL TODOPODEROSO. 

;0 Dios del tiempo y de la Eternidau! Tii eves el solo . 

que exsiste por si mismo. Tii eres el unico que es 

grande y escelente por su propia naturaleza. Tii eres 

la fuente incorruptible, de donde se deriva todo io 



ARENGAS, Y CGMPARACIONES. 97" 

bueno, verdadero y util: el manantial inagotable de lo 
que merece ser deseaclo en la tierra y en el cielo. 
jCon que placer, con que delicia mi alma te recono e, 
te admira y adora, como la iinica fuerza que sosiiene 
al universo, como la iinica sabiduria que regla sus 
movimientos, como el solo fanal que ilumina mis 
tinieblas; mostrdndomz el ultimo destino de mi ec- 
sistencia, y ensendndome el uso de los bienes y males 
de esta vida! ;0 Dios mio! eterno y soberano prin- 
cipio de todas las inteligencias; jque consueio siente 
mi corazon cuando prostrado ante el Trono de tu in- 
mejisa Magestad reconoce el Divino seno de que Aasali- 
do,y cuando considera que presto volverd a unirse con 
el, sumergiend-ose en el insondable pielago de tus es- 
plendores y de tu gloria. 

<;Que, mi Dios? <;Yq sere eterno como tu? <;Tu eres 
la inedida interminable de mi duracion, y el modelo 
de mi ecsistencia? <?No es delirio de mi orgullo, que 
yo naci destinado a vivir contigo aun despues de la 
ruina de los imperios, de la destruccion de las gran- 
dezas, de la aniquilacion de las pasiones, de la estin- 
cion de los astros, y cuando ya toda esta inaquina 
visible haya vuelto a entrar en la noche tenebrosa de 
destruccion? $Es verdad que a pesar 1 de todas las 
vicisitudes con que tu procidentia, puede probar mi vida, 
si me mantengo constante en amarte y servirte me 
vere irrevocablemente incorparado en la sociedad de 
iu Teino y de tu gloria! ;Que pensamiento! jque espe- 
ranza! «$Donde estds, hombre, cuando no estds contigo 
mismo, cuando buscas otra gloria que tu propia gran- 
deza? iQue puedes encontrar fuera de ti que valga 

* Jl pesar; notwithstanding. 



98 ARENGAS, Y COMPARACIONES. 

mas de lo que puedes ser? ^De que te aprovecha eS;t 

inquietud de tu imaginacion, esa turbacion de pensa- 

mientos, esa infatigable variedad de deseos? <;Que 

puede ganar tu corazon con todo ese estruendo de tu 

orgullor ,;Que esperas hallar en esos espacios en que 

corres siempre vago y nunca satisfecho? Si quieres 

ser feliz, busca tu Dios, que nunca estd lejos de ti. 

Toda la naturaleza te le muestra. Toda ella canta su 

san to nombre. Pero tu no la escuchas; porque el tu- 

multo de tus pasiones te ensordece, Desciende a tu 

corazon; alii habita; y alii te hablard con mas intimi- 

dad. Pero tu no quieres oirle; porque siempre andas 

huyendo de ti mismo. 

Los incesantes dones te indican la mano de donde 

vipnen. Esa vida en que le desconoces te puebra su 

amor,pues que te la conserva. Tu duermes tranquilo, 

reclinado en su seno paternal; pero, olvidando la mano 

protectora que te sosfiene, te entregas a los delirios de 

suenos enganosos que te halagan con falsas ilusiones. 

Una flor te interfsa; la amenidad de un campo te 

complete?; todo lo ingenioso te admira; todo lo her- 

moso te agrada; y tii, atento y curioso; todo lo reco' 

noces; todo lo ecsaminas: lo linico que se te esconde es 

el gran poder que ha sabido criarlo. Parece que la 

misma liermosura de los obgetos es el velo que te 

eneubre la mano que los hizo, porque, detenido en el 

embeleso con que los gozas, te oLuidas de su autor. 

La luz que debia alumbrarte, es la que mas te cie+a. 

Fijas los ojos en los beneficios, y nunca los levuntas 

para re.conocer al bienhechor. jDeplorable mortal! 

Tu no ves mas que fantasmas; y solo la verdad te 

parece ilusion. 

Pablo Olavides 



ARENGAS, Y COMPARACIONES. 99 

LA MUERTE. 

jO muerte! ;que amarga es tu memoria al que no 
pone su esperanza sino en los tesoros y placeres! Por 
mas que se haga sordo, la importunidad de tu voz 
austera, de tu grito terrible, penetra hasta su corazoo, 
y le hace estremecer en medio de sus delincuentes. 
No da un paso sin ver los espantosos atributos de tu 
violencia destructora; sin hollar las victimas con que 
cubres el globo y que la justieia divina entrega a tu 
insaciable sana. 

Dime, mortal, ,mo oyes algunas veces esos taiiidos 
melancolicos que desde las torres de los templos se 
esparcen en los aires, y cuya severa magestad domina 
sobre el trafago confuso del ruido y los negocios de 
los hombres? ;Ai amigo! si los oyes, no te distraigas 
del horror saludable que producen. Ellos se hacen en- 
tender con acentos eficaces, y hablan con estilo pode- 
roso al alma que conserva todavia un resto de su pri- 
mitiva elevacion. Su impresion de terror y tristeza 
en un corazon que aun no estd muerto, es un indicio 
de que puede volver a la virtud; es el crepiisculo de 
la religion, que quiere amanecer y derramar en el 
todas sus luces. 

El mismo. 

LO QUE PUEDE LA EDUCACION EN LOS NINOS- 
Con el pincel y los colores muestra en todas las 
cosas su poder el arte. Con ellos, si no es naturaleza 
la pintura, es tan semejante a ella, que en sus obras se 
engana la vista, y ha menester valerse del tacto para 
reconocerlsi. No puede dar alma a los cuerpos, pero 
les da la gracia, los movimientos, y aun los afectos 
del alma; no Hene bastante materia para abultar\os f 



■100 ARENGAS, Y COMPARACIONES. 

pero tiene mdu stria para realzarlos. Si pudieran 
caber celos en la naturaleza, los taviere del arte; pero 
benigna y cortes, se vale de el en sus obras, y no pone 
!a ultima mano en aquellas que el puede perfeccionar. 
Far esto nacio desnudo el hombre, sin idioma particu- 
lar, rasas las tablas del entendimiento, de la memoria, 
y de la fantasia, paraque en ellas pintase la doctrina 
las imagines de las artes y ciencias, y escribiese la 
educacion sus documentos; no sin gran misterio, pre- 
viniendo asi, que la necesidad y el beneficio estrechasen 
los vinculos de gratitud y amor entre los hombres 
valiendose los unos de los otros. 

Diego de Saavedra Fajardo. 

PARALELO ENTRE LA PAZ Y LA GUERRA. 
Hermosura llamo Dios a la paz por Isaias, diciendo 
que en ella, como subre flores, reposaria su pueblo. 
Aun las cosas que carecen de sentido, se regocijan con 
la paz. ;Que fertiles y alegres se ven los campos que ella 
cultiva! ;que hermosas las ciudades, pintadas, y ricas 
con su sosiego! y al contrario ;que abrasadas las tierras 
por donde pasa la guerra! Apenas se conocen hoi en 
sus cadaveres las ciudades y castillos de Alemania. 
Tinta en sangre mira Borgana la verde caballera de 
su altiva frente, rasgadas sus antes vistosas faldas, 
quedando espantada de si misma. Ningun enemigo 
mayor de la naturaleza que la guerra: quien fue autor 
de lo criado, !o fue de la paz: con ella se abroza la 
justicia. Son medrosas las leyes, y se retirati y ca* 
llan cuando ven las armas. Por esto dijo Mario, 
escasdndose de haber cometido en la guerra algunas 
cosas contra las leyes de la patria: que no las habia 



ALEGORIAS, Y FICCIONES. 101 

oido con el ruido de las armas. En la guerra no es 
menos infelicidad, como dijo Tacito, de los buenos, 
matar, que ser muertos. 

El mismo. 



ALEGORIAS, Y FICCIONES. 



REPUBLIC A LITERARIA. 
Este que camina con pasos graves y circunspectos, 
es Tucidides, a quien la emulacion a la gloria de He- 
rodoto puso la pluma en la mano para escribir senten- 
ciosamente las £uerras del Peloponeso. 

Aquel de profundo semblante es Polibio, que en 
cuarenta libros escribio las historias romanas, de que 
solamente han quedado cineo, k los cuales perdono la 
injuria de los tiempos, pero no la malicia de Sebastian 
Maccio, que ignoranteraente le maltrata sin considerar 
que es tan docto, que ensena mas que refiere. 

El que con la toga lisa y liana, y con libre desen- 
voltura 1 le sigue, en cuya frente estd delineado un 
animo candido y prudente, libre de la servidumbre de 
la lisonja, es Piutarco, tan versado en las artes, po- 
liticas y militares, que, como dijo Rodino, puede ser 
arbitro en ellos. 

El otro de suave y apacible rostro, que con ojos 
amorosos y dulces atrae a sf los animos, es Geno- 
fonte, a quien Diogenes Laercio Homo '^musa atica » 
y otros con mas propiedad "abeja atica." 

1 Libre desenvoltura; dragging along. 



10& ALEGORIAS, Y FLCCIONES. 

Este, vestido sucinlamente, pero con gran policia y 
elegancia, esC. Salustio gran enemigo de Ciceron, en 
quien la brebedad comprehends cuanto pudiera dilatar 
la elocuencia. 

Aquel de las cejas caidas, y nariz aguileiia, con an- 
tojos de larga vista, 1 desenfado y cortesano, ouyos 
pasos cortos ganan mas tierra que los demas, es Cor- 
nelio Tticito. Por el veneno que se ha sacado de esta 
fuente. dijo Budeo, que era el mas facineroso de los 
escritores. A este«peligro se esponen los que escriben 
en tiempo de principes tiranos; que si los alaban son 
lisongeros; y, si los reprehenden, penetrando sus vi- 
cios, parecen maliciosos. 

Repara en la serena frente, y en los eminentes labios 
de este, que parecen destitan miel, y nota bien el 
ornato de sus vestidos, sembrado de varias flores, por- 
que #rti Tito Livio Patavino, de no menos gloria a los 
romanos que la grandeza de su imperio. 

El que con la espada en una mano, y con la pluma 

en la otra, se te ofrece delante, 2 que no menos atemo- 

riza en lo feroz a los enemigos, que con la elegancia 

a los que quisieran imitarle, en Julio Cesar, ultimo 

esfuerzo de la naturaleza en el valor, en el ingenio, y 

en el juicio, 

Diego Saavedra Fajardo. 

IMPRESION QUE HACE EL MUNDO A CRITILO. 
Ciecia cada dia en mi el deseo de salir de aquella 
infausta caverna, y el conato de ver y taber; si en 
todos natural y grande, en mi, como violentado, e in* 
sufrible. 

1 Antojo de larga vista; spy-glass. 

* Se te ofrece delante; appears before you'. 



ALEGORIAS, Y FICCIONES. 103 

Bra para mi un repetido tormento el confuso ruido 
de esos mares, cuyas olas mas rompian en mi 1 coraz,on$ 
que en esas penas. Pues <jque dire, cuando sentia e\ 
horrisono fragor de los nublados y sus truenos? Ellos 
se resotvian en Uuvia, pero mis ojos en Uanto. Luego 
que reconnci quebrantada mi penosa carcel con el 
terremoto, al pu.ito commence a desenterrarme para 
nacer de nuevo a todo un mundo en una bien patente 2 
ventana, que senoreaba 3 todo aquel espacioso y alegrisi- 
mo emisferio» , 

Fui acercdndome dudnsamente a ella violpntand* 
mis deseos; pero ya asegurado, llegue a asomarme del 
todo a aquel rasgado balcon del wr* y del vivir: 
tendi la vista aquella vez primera por este gran teatro 
de tierra y cielo. Todo el alma con estrano impetu, 
entre curiosidad y alegria, acudio a los ojos, dejand* 
como destituidos los demas sentidos. 

Pero ya en esto los alegres mensageros de ese graa 
monarca de la luz, que tu Hamas Sol, coronando au- 
gustamente de resplandores, cenido de la guarda de 
sus rayos, solicitaban mis ojos a rendir\e veneraciones 
de atencion y admiracion. Comenzo a nstentarse por 
ese gran trono de cristalinas espumas, y con una 
soberana magestad se fite 5 scnorenndo de todo el 
emisferio llenando todas las demas criaturas de su 
esclarecida presencia. Parece que envidioso el mar 
de la tierra, haciendose lenguas en sus aguas, me acu~ 

1 Rompian en mi; dashed against my. 

* Bien patente; very conspicuous, and frequently; very clear, 
evident. 

s Sonorear; to govern; but in the above sense, to overlook. 

4 Del ver y del vivir; these are infinitives substantively used* 
which should be rendered into English by, of sight and life. 

5 Jrse sehoreando; to become master* 



104 ALEGORIAS, Y FICCIONES. 

saba de tarde, y a las voces de sus olas me llamaba 

atento a que emplpase otra gran porcion de mi curiosi- 

dad en su prodigiosa grandeza. 

El mismo, 

ENCUENTRO DE UN ARGOS MORAL. 
Prosiguiendo su camino, descubrieron un hombre 
mui otro 1 de cuantos habian topado hasta aqui, pues se 
estaba haciendo ojos para notaAos, que ya es poco el 
ver. Fuese acercando, y ellos advirtiendo que real- 
mente venia todo rebutido de ojos de pies a cabeza, 
todos suyos, y mui despiertos. ;Que gran miron, dijo 
Andrenio! No sino 2 prodigio de atenciones, respondio 
Critilo. Si el es hombre, no es de estos tiempos: y 
si lo es, no es marido, ni aun pastor, ni trae cetro, ni 
cayado. Mas <;si seria Argos? Pero no, que ese fue 
del tiempo antiguo; y no se hallan ya semejantes des- 
velos. Antes si. 3 respondio el mismo, que estamos en 
tiempos que es menester abrir el ojo y aun no basta, 
sino andar con cien ojos. Prometoos que para poder 
vivir, es menester armarse un hombre de pies a cabeza, 
no de obgetos para descubrir tanta falseMad y mentira: 
ojos en los manos, para ver lo que dan y mucho mas 
lo que toman: ojos en los brazos, para no abarcar mucho 
y apretar poco: ojos en la misma lengua, para mirar 
muchas veces lo que ha de decir: ojos en el pecho, 4 
para ver en que le ha de tener: ojos en el corazon, 
atendiendo a quien le tira 5 y le hace tiro: 6 ojos en lbs 

* Otro; another; used as above, different. 

* «Vo sino; or, else. 

3 Antes si; on the contrary. 

* Pecho, means breast, as well as, spirit. 
5 A quien le tira; who attracts it. 

* Y U hace tiro; and who wishes to impose upon it. 



ALEGORIAS, Y FICCIONES. 105 

wismos ojos, para mirar como miran: ojos, y mas ojos, 

v reojos. 1 

<;Que hard, respondio Critilo quien no tiene sino dos, 

y estos nunca bien abiertos y mirando anmadamante 

eon dos nifias? <;No nos venderiais que ya nadie da s 

un par de esos que os sobran? % ;Que es sobrar, dijo 

Argos! de mirar nunca hai harto, 3 ademas de que no 

hai precio para ellos, solo uno, y ese es un ojo de la 

cava. Pues <;Que ganaria yo en eso, replied Critilo? 

Mucho respondio Argos, el mirar con ojos agenos, que 

es una gran ventaja, sin pasion y sin engano, que es el 

verdadero mirar, 

£1 misme. 

VISITADORES DE VIRTELIA ENCANTADA. 
Yo vengo, dijo uno, en busca del silencio bueno. 
Rieronse de el todos, diciendo; "^que collar, hai ma- 
lo?" O, si, respondio Virtelia, y mui perjudicial. Calla 
el juez la justicia; calla el padre y no corrige al hijo 
travieso; calla el maestro, y no reprehende a los dis- 
cipulos; calla el deudor, y niega el credito; calla el 
testigo, y no se averigua el crimen; callan unos y 
otros y se encubren los males. Estoi admirado, dijo 
Critilo, que ninguno viene en busca de limosna; que 
sera 4 de la liberalidad? Es que 5 todos se escusan de 
hacerla.; el oficial, porque no le pagan; el labrador, 

1 Reojos; an expression to suit the meaning of the author; sig- 
nifying, double eyes. 

2 Que te soWan; which you do not want. 

3 De mirar nunca hai harto; it is impossible to look too much. 

4 Que sera; what is become. 

5 Es que; used as above, is a redundant expression, which 
should always be omitted in English. 



106 ALEGORIAS, Y FICCIONES. 

porque no coge; el caballero, porque estd empenado; 4 

el principe que no hai mejor pobre que el. 

Venian unos con los ojos mui puestos en el cielo, 

pues mirnban a el. Estos si, dijo Andrenio, que con el 

cuerpo estan en la tierra y con el espiritu en el cielo. 

O, jcomo te engonrs! dijo la Sagacidad, gran ministra 

de Virtelia. Advierte que hai algunos que cuando 

mas miran al cielo, entonces estan mas puestos en la 

tierra. Aquel primero es un mercader que tiene gran 

cantidad de trigo para vender; y anda conjurando las 

nubes a los ojos de sus enemi^os. Al contrario. aquel 

otro es un labrador hidropico de la lluvia; que jamas 

se vio harto de agua, y anda conciliancio* nublados. 

Este de aqui es un blasfemo, que nunca se aruerda del 

cielo, sino para jurar\e. Aquel de alia pide vengan- 

za; y el otro es un rondante, lechuzo de las tinieblas, 8 

que desea la noche mas obscura para capa de sus ru- 

indades. 

El mismo. 

REINO DE LA IMORTALIDAD. 
Jlsisiia a la puerta un tan ecsacto cuan absoluto 
portero, cerrando y abriendo a quien juzgaba digno de 
la imortalidad; y sin su aprobacion no liabia que en- 
trar pretendiente. Y es de advertir* que no podia 
aqui nada el soborno, que es cosa bien rara; no habia 
que meterle en la mano el doblon, porque el no era de 

1 Empeiiado; full of debts. 

2 Y anda conciliando nublados; and he is always desiring clouds< 
g Lechuzo de las tinieblas; night-owl. 

4 Y es de advertir; and it must be observed. 



ALEGORIAS, Y FICCIONES. 107 

las caras; 1 Nada valia el coecho, nada alcanzaba el 
favor tan poderoso en otras partes. No escuchaba in- 
terseciones, ni se obraba con el bajo manga, 8 antes 
de una legua conocia a todo hombre. No se ahorraba 
con nadie, jamas hizo cosa con escrupulo; no condes- 
cendia, ni con senores, ni con principes, ni con reyes, 
y, lo que es mas, ni con validos. 

En prueba de esto, llego en aquella misma ocasion 
un grave personage, no ya pidiendo, sino mandando 
que le abriesen las puertes de par en par 3 como al 
mismo conde de Fuentes. J\liro\e el severo alcaide, 
y a la prim era ogeada conocio que no la merecia; y 
respondiole que no habia lugar. <j"Como no," replice 
el, ii kabiendo sido yo el famoso, el mayor, el macsi- 
mo?" Pregunto. quien le habia dado aquelios renom- 
bres. Respundio que sus amigos. Biose mucho de 
esto, y dijo, * 4 mas valiera que vuestros enemigos. 
Quito, alia, 4 que ve.nis descaminado." 

"<;Que portero es este tan inecsorable, y rigido," 
pregunio, Andrenio? "A fe que no es a la moda 5 in- 
oonquistable 6 a los doblones." Este, le dijo, es el 
mismo Mkrito en persona hecho y derecho.* jgran 

1 De las caras; literally of the faces. A common manner of 
expressing that the doubloon presented is of a certain stamp, 
and consequently good. 

2 Bajo manga; in a deceiving manner. 

3 De par en par; ajar. 

4 Quila alia; away; begone. 

5 Ala moda; fashionable. 

6 Inconquistable; unconquerable; but used as above, callous,, 
indifferent. 

7 Hecho y derecho; a peculiar idiomatic expression, to denote 
that the person or thing we speak of, is the very self same we 
mean. 



108 ALEGORTAS, Y FTCCIONtiS. 

sug;rto! Ahora digo que no tendremos trabajo en la 
entrada. Ltegaban uuos y otros a prctenderlsi, y pe- 
dian\es las patentes, firmadas del constante trabajo, 
rubricadas 1 del heroico valor, selladas de la vutud. 
Esta letra le aijo a uno, es de mu^er, si si, y que mala, 
aunque de linda mano, quita alia. jQue asquerosa 
faina! Esta otra no vicrrn firmada, que aun para ello 
le dolt® el brazo a la poltroneriaj* a ambar huele este 
papel, mas vctiiera a polvora. 

"Jtfirarf, 3 senor, que todos mis antepasados estdn 
dentroy en gran puesto," decia uno vanamente coufiado; 
"y asi yo tengo derecho para entrnr alia." ^iejor dige- 
rais obligacion y obligaciones, y por, lo tanto 4 debierais 
haber cumplido con ellas, y obrado de modo que no os 
queciarais fuera. Entended que aca no se vive de 
agenos blasones, sino de hazanas propias y mui singu- 
lares. '^Como se pucde sujtir, decin uu rei, que quien 
es senor de tanto mundo se malmra? ,jQue un gran 
principe de muchos estados y dictados no tenga un- 

1 Rxibricadas. It is a custom among the Spaniards, to annex a 
flourish to their signatures. Some instruments must necessarily 
bear this flourish from some lawyer or other person, to be valid, 
it being considered as a ratification. Rubricadas should therefore 
be translated, ratified. 

2 Personification is, in the Spanish, very common. It is this 
custom that gives to this language a majesty, which is seldom 
found in any other idiom. Poltroneria, (laziness,) is here sup- 
posed to be the person, who, having knocked at the door of im- 
mortality, admittance is refused to him; for having been so indo- 
lent, as not to have signed his patent. 

3 Mirad. is the second person of the imperative plural of mlrar, 
to look, to behold. Th'-s expression, used in the above manner, 
may be rendered by, you must know, or mind. 

* Por lo tanto; therefore. 



ALEGORIAS Y FICCIONES. lls 

rincon en el reino de la Fama." "No hai aca rin- 
cones," le respondieron, "ninguno eMa arrmconado " l 
Mordidnse, en llegando a esta ocasion, las manos al- 
gunos grandes senores al verse escluidos del reino de 
la FAMA; y que pran admitidos algunos soldados de 
fortuna; un Julian Romero, un Villamayor, y un capi- 
tan Calderon, honrado de los mismos enemigos. 

El mismo. 

BUSCA UN DESVALIDO 2 EL ENGA-O. 
Conociendo cuan poderoso ps el engufio, y los pro- 
digios que obra cada dia, determino ir en busca suya 
una noche, que hasta la luz y el se aborrec'ian. Cq- 
menzo a buscar\e, mas no le podia descubrir; en mil 
partes le decian estaria, y en ninguna le topaba* 
Fuese a casa de la Hipocresia, teniendo por cierto 3 que 
estaria all 4; mas esta le engano con el mismo engano, 
porque, torciendo el cuello a par 4 de la intencion, 
encogiendose de hombres, 5 frunciendo los labios, 6 ar- 
queando las cejas, levantando los ojos al cielo, con la 
voz mui mirlada le aseguro no conocia tal personage, 
ni le habia hablado en su vida. Partio a casa de la 
Adulacion, que era un palacio, y esta le dijo; "yo ? 
aunque miento, no engam, porque echo las mentiras'* 
tan grandes y tan claras, que el mas simple las conoce* 
Bien saben ellos que yo miento, pero dicen que con 

1 Arrmconado, means put in a corner, as well as, unnoticed. 
s Desvalido; destitute, helpless; used as above, however, 
means, a person who is no longer a favourite. 
3 Teniendo por cierto; not doubting. 
* A par; like. 

5 Encogiendose de hombros; shrinking his shoulders. 

6 Frunciendo los labios; affecting modesty with his lips, 

7 Echar mentirds; to tell falsehoods. 

10 



ALEGORIAS Y FICCIONES. 

„do eso se huelgan y me pagan." "^Como es posible, 
se lamerdaba, que este el mundo lleno de engano, y 
que yo no le halle? Sin duda estard en algun casa- 
miento: vamos alia." Pregunto al marido, pregunto a 
la muger; y respondieronle ambos, que hnbian sido tan- 
tas y tan redprocas de una y otra parte las mentiras; 
que ninguno podia guejetrse de ser el enganado. <;Si 
estaria en casa de los mercaderes, entre mohatres pali- 
adas, y desnudos acreedores? Respondieronle que no, 
porque no hai engano donde se sabe que le hai. Esta- 
ba desesperado sin saber ya donde ir. Echo por otro 
rumbo; 1 determino ir a buscar\e en casa de los en- 
ganados, los buenos hombres, los credulos y candidos, 
gente toda 2 facil de enganar; mas todos ellos di- 
geron que por ningun caso estaba alii, sino en casa de 
los enganadores; que aquellos son los verdaderos ne- 
cios, porque el que engan a otro, siempre se engana 
y dam mas a si mismo. ";Que es esto!" decia* k 'Los 
enganadores me dicen que los enganados se le llevaron; 
estos me responden que aquellos se quedan con el; yo 
creo que unos y otros le tienen en su casa, y ninguno 
se 3 lo piensa. Yendo de esta suerte le topo a el la 
Sabiduria, que no el a ella; y como sab'ulora de todo 
le dijo: 4< perdido! 4 jque buscas otro que a ti mismo! 
,:No ves tii que el engano no le halla quien le busca, y 
que en descubriendole ya no lo es? 6 Ve a casa de 

1 Echar por otro rumbo; to take another road. 
* Toda; all; used as above, very. 

3 Se, is here redundantly used. 

4 Perdido; lost; but the meaning above is, wanderer. 

5 Que; in the above sense, why. 

6 Ya no lo es; it is no longer so. Lo, in cases like this, should 
be invariably rendered by so. 



POESIAS SELECTAS. lls 

aquellos que se enganan a si mismos que alh no p.. 

f altar. Entro en casa de un confiado, de un presu- 

mido, de un avaro, de un envidioso; y haltole mui 

disimulado con afeites de verdad. 

El mismo. 



POESIAS SELECTAS. 



QUEJAS DE NEMOROSO * 
Como al partir 1 del sol la sombra crece, 

Y en cayendo su rayo, se levanta 

La negra oscuridad que el mundo cuhre: 
De do 2 viene el temor que nos espanta, 

Y la medrosa forma en que se ofrece 
Aquello que la noche nos encubre, 
Hasta que el sol descubre 

Su luz pura j hermosa: 

Tal es la tenebrosa 

Noche de tu partir*, 3 ert que he quedado 

De sombra y de temor atormentado, 

Hasta que muerte, el tiempo determine, 

Que a ver el deseado 

Sol de tu clara vista me encamines. 

Cual suele el ruisenor con triste canto 

' Nemoroso is a personage in an eclogue composed of himself, 
Salucivis, and a Poet. The above mournful strain is excited by 
'he death of Nemoroso''s lover. 

1 Al partir; at the setting. 

3 Do, is an antiquated expression, used in poetry for dondei 
(where.) 

3 De tu partir; of thy death: alluding to his lover. 



103 POESIAS SELECTAS. 

* u? <{uejars(> 3 eu tre las hojas escondido, 
Del duro labrador, que cautamente 
Le despojo su caro y dulce nido 
De los tiernos hijuelos, entre tanto 
Que 1 del amado ramo estaba ausenle; 

Y aquel dolor que siente, 
Con diferencia tanta 
Por la dulce garganta 

Despide, y a su canto el aire suena, 

Y la callada noche no refrena 

Su lamentable oficio y sus querellas, 
Trayendo de su pena 
Al cielo por testigo y las estrellas. 
De esta manera, suelto yo la rienda,* 
A mi dolor y asi me quejo en vano 
De la dureza de la muerte airada. 
Ella en mi corazon metio la mano 3 

Y de alii me llevo mi dulce prenda, 
Que aquel era su nido y su morada. 

Garcilaso de la Vega 

PROTESTACIONES DE ALBANIO.* 
jO hermosas Oreadas, que teniendo 
El gobierno de selvas y montanas, 
A caza andais por el las discurriendo! 
Dejad de perseguir las alimanas, 
Venid a ver un hombre perseguido, 
A quien no valen fuerzas y ni mafias. 

1 Entre tanto que; whilst. 

2 Sollar la rienda; to give reins. 

s Meter la mano; used as above, to penetrate into. 
* Mbanio is also a personage of an eclogue. Being slighted by 
his lover, he bursts into the above protestations. 



POESIAS SELECTAS 1 13 

jO Dn'ades! de amor hermoso nido, 
Dulces y graciosisimas doncellas 
Que a la tarde salis de lo escondido, 
Con los cabellos rubios, que las Delias 
Espaldas dejan de oro cobijadas; 
Parad mientes 1 un rato a mis querellas. 

Y si con mi ventura conjuradas 

No estais, haced que sean las ocasianes 
De mi muerte aqui siempre celebradas. 
O lobos, osos, que por los rincones 
De estas fieras cavernas escondidos 
Estais oyendo agora 2 mis razones, 
Quedaos a Dios; 3 que ya vuestros oidos 
De mi zampona fueron halagados, 

Y alguna vez de amor enternecidos. 

A Dios montanas, a Dios verdes prados, 
A Dios corrientes rios espumosos, 
Vivid sin mi con siglos prolongados,* 

Y mientras en el curso presurosos 
Jreis al mar a darle su tributo, 
Corriendo por los valles pedregosos: 
Haced que aqui se muestre triste luto 
Por quien viviendo alegre os alegraba 
Con agradable son, y viso enjuto: 5 
Por quien aqui sus vacas abrevaba 
Por quien ramos de laura entrptegiendo 

Aqui sus fuertes toros coronaba. El mismo, 

1 Parar mientes; to pay attention. 

s Agora; an antiquated manner of spelling ahora, (now ) 

3 Quedaos d Dios; adieu, farewell. This expression is the 
same as, a Dios. 

4 Con siglos prolongados; for ages. 

5 Viso enjuto; cheerful countenance, 

10* 



114 POESIAS SELECT AS. 

LA SOLEDAD. 

Ven, dulce soledad, y al alma mia 
Libra del mar horrisono. agitado 
DH mundo corrompido; 

Y benigna la paz y la alegria 
Vuelve al doliente corazon, llagado: 
Ven, levnnta mi espiritu abatido. 
El venero crecido 

Modern* de las lagrimas que lloro, 1 

Y a tus quietas mansiones me transported 
Tu favor celestial humilde imploro: 
Ven, a un triste couforta. 

Sublime soled ad, y libre sen 

Del confuso tropel que me rodea. 

jAi! jporque asi agiturse el hombre insano; 

Y viendo yd k los pies \6 ciego! abiert© 
El sepulcro, gozarte? 3 

Pon, pon freno a la risa, polvo vano, 

Y en tan vulgar, culpable desconcierto 
Entra en tu corazon a contemplnrte, 
:Que ves para glorinrte? 

^Que ves dentro de ti? Vuelve los ojos 
A tus miseros dias; de tus gustos 
La flor huyo, queddron los abrojos 
Corao castigos justos: 

Y las fugaces horas se volar on. 
^Que poder tornurd las que pasdron? 

* Llorar; to weep; in the above sense, to shed. 

* It is a poetical license to place any objective case of any pet° 
s©nal pronoun either before or after the verb. 

* Gozarte; enjoy thee; alluding to "mundo corrowqpwto," cor- 
rupted world, in the tkird verse from the top. 



POESIAS SELECTAS. 115 

Tu, augusta soledad,a el 1 alma llenas 
De otra sublime luz, tu la separas 
Del placer pestilente; 

Y mientras en sileneio la enagenas, 2 
A la virtud el animo preparas, 

Y a la verdad inelinas transparente 
Del cielo fulgente, 

Haciendo que nos abra el lion do abismo 

Do esconde sus tesoros celestiales. 

El'hombre iluminado ve en si mismo 

Las senas inmortales, 

Merced a tu favor, de su grandeza, 

Del mundo vil hollando la bageza. 

La mente sin los lazos que detienen 

Preso su hidalgo ardor, en raudo vuelo 

Las vagas nubes pasa, 

Llegando a do su trono alzado tienen 

A su inefable autor los altos cielos; 

Y a su divina norma, se compasa: 
De su lumbre sin tasa 

Gozosa se alimmta y satisface. 

El fuego celestial con que se atreve 

A las grandes empresas, cuanto haee 

Bueno el hombre lo debe; 

O soledad, a tu sileneio augusto, 

Donde Dios habla y se descubre al justo. 

Mas los hombres que ilusos no peniben 

Su misteriosa voz, cuyos oidos 

A la verdad cerrados 

Y al error son patentes, asi viven 

1 Jl el; to the, instead of aZ. A poetical license. 
^mrhas various meanings; but the sense in which this 
mo is used abore, is, to enwrap. 



HQ POESIAS SELECTAS. 

D^l mundo en el eslr£pito m tidos, 
Cual 1 en galera miseros forzados; 
Siervos aherrojarlos 
Al antojo liviano y las pasiones 
SorprehendAos de subito 2 la rnuerte. 
El sabio, solo el sabio, las prisiones 
Rompe con mano fuerte: 
Intrepido de todo se retirn; 

Y de la playa la borrasca mira. 

Juan Melendez Valdez. 

LAS FLORES. 
Naced, vistosas flores, 
Ornnd el suelo, que lloro desnudo 
So 3 el cetro helado del Invierno rudo, 
Con los vivos colores, 
En que matiza vuestro fresco seno 
Rica naturaleza. 
Ya He Mayo, y cefiro sereno 
Con deliciosos besos, solicita 
Vuestra sin par 4 belleza; 

Y el rudo broche a los capullos quita. 
Pareced, pareced 6 del verano 

Hijas y la alma Flora, 

Y al nacarado llanto de la Aurora 
Jlbrid elcaliz virginal; ya sienjto, 

Ya siento en vuestro aroma soberano, 
Divinas flores, empapado el viento; 5 

* Cual; which, used as above, like; in the same manner as. 
8 De subito; suddenly. 

3 So; an antiquated expression, used in poetry as bajo, (under.) 

* <Siw par; without equal, matchless, unparalelled. 

* £mpapado el vienlo; the wind full of your fragrance. 



POESIAS SELECTAS„ 117 

Y aspira la nariz y el pecho alienta 

Los ambares que el prado les presenta 

Do quiera 1 liberal. jOh! ;que infinita 

Profusion de colores 

La embebecida vista solicita! 

jQue magia! ;que primores 

De subido matiz que anhela en vano 

Al lienzo trasladar pincel liviano! 

Con el arte natura 

Aformaros en una concurrieron, 

Galanas flores, y a la par 2 os dieron 

Sus gracias y hermosuras, 

Mas jah! que acaso un dia 

Jleaba tan pomposa lozania, 

Imagen cierta de la suerte humana, 

Empero mas dichosas 

Si os roba, flores, el ferviente Estio, 

Mayo os levanta del sepulcro umbrfo; 

Y a brillnr otra vez naceis hermosas. 
Asi, ;o jazmin! tu nieve 

Ya a lucir torna aunque en espacio breve 
Entre el verde agradabie de tus ramas; 

Y con tu olor subido 
Parece que amoroso 

A las zagalas.que te corten, clamas, 
Para enlazar sus sienes venturoso. 
Mientra el clavel en purpura tenido 
En el flecsible vastago se mece; 

Y oficloso desvelo a la belleza, 

A Flora y al Amor un trono ofreee 

1 Do quiera; every where, 

2 Ji la par; at once* 



118 POESIAS SELECTAS. 

En su globo encendido, 

Hasta que trasladado 

A algun pecho nevado 

Mustio sobre el desmaya la cabeza 

Y el cerco encoge de su pom pa hojosa. 

Y la humilrie violeta, vergonzosa, 
Por los valles perdida 

Su modesta beldad cela encogida. 

Mas el ambar fragrante 

Que le roba fugaz mil vueltas dando 

El aura susurrante, 

En el sus vagas alas empapando, 

Descubre fiel do esconde su belleza. 

Orgulloso levanta la cabeza 

Y la vista arrebata 

Entre el vulgo de flores olorosas 
El tulipan, honor de los vergeles; 

Y en galas emulando a los claveles, 
Con fajas mil vistosas 

De su viva escarlata 

Recama la riquisima librea. 

Pero ;ah! que en mano avara le escasea 

Crurla Flora su encienso delicioso; 

Y solo asi a la vista luce hermoso. 
No tu, azucena virginal, vestida 

Del manto de inocencia en nieve pura 

Y el caliz de oro fino recamado; 

No tu, que en el aroma mas preciado 
Bunando tu herrnosura, 
A par 1 los ojos y el sentido encantas 
De los toques mecida 

1 A par; botff. 



POESIAS SELECTAS. 119 

De mil lindos Amores, 

Que vivaces codician tus favores; 

jO como entre sus brazos te lev ant ctsf 

jComo brilla del Sol al rayo ardiente 

Tu corona esplendente! 

;Y cual en torno carinosas vuelan 

Cien mariposas y en busarte anhelan! 

Tujo, tuyo serittj 

azucena, el imperio sin la rosa, 

De Flora honor, delicia del verano, 

Que en fugaz plazo de belleza breve 

Su caliz nbre al apuntar el dia; 1 

Y en purpura banacla el soberano 
C^rco ievanta de la frente hermosa. 
Su aijdfar nacarado el Alba llueve 
En su seno divino: 

Febo la enclcnde con benigna llamttf 

Y le did Citerea 

Su sangre celestial, cuando afligida 
Del bello Adonis la espirante vida, 
Que en debil voz la llama, 
Quiso acnrrer; y del fatal espino 
Ofendida joh dolor! la planta vella 
De purpura find la infeliz kuella. 
Codicia\& Cupido 
Entre las flores por la mas preciada, 

Y la nupcia! guirnalda que cinera 
A su Fiquis amada 

De rosas/ue de su pensil de Guido; 

Y el talamo feliz tauibien de rosa 

1 M apuntar al dia; at the dawn of day. 



im POESIAS SELECT AS. 

Donde triunfo y gozo, cuando abrasado 

En su llama dichosa 

Tierno esclamo en sus brazos desmayado: 

Hoi, bella Fiquis, por la vez primera 

Siento que el Dios de las delicias era. 

;0 reiaa de las flores! 

•Gloria del mayo! jventuroso fruto 

Del Uanto de la Aurora! 

Salve 1 jrosadivina! 

Salve; y ve, llega a mi gentil pastora 

A rendirle el tributo 

De lus suaves odores; 

Y humilde a su beldad la frente inclina. 
Salve jdivina rosa! 

Salve; j dejaque viendote en su 2 pecho 
Morar ufana, y por su nieve pura 
Tus frescas hojos derramar segura, 
Loco pnvidie tu suerte venturosa; 

Y anhele en ti trocado 

Sobre el 3 morir en ambares deshecho, 

Me espirard su labio regalado. 

El mismo. 

LA NOCHE. 
Ya Febo en el oceano sonoro 
Templo su ardiente carro, 
Privando a los mortales del tesoro 
De su esplendor bizarro. 
Las rubias ninfas de su yugo ardiente 
Las coyundas desatan 

1 From salvar, to save: but used as above, means, hail! 

*• Su; referring to "pastora," in the twelfth* verse, from the end 

3 El r referring to "pecho," m the seventh verse from the end. 



POESTAS SELECTAS, 131 

De rosicler; y en magestad decente 
Le sirvm, y le acatan. 
Cual 1 las riendas le toma de la mano 
De ardiente pedreria, 
Cual 1 la guirnalda, cual el manto ufano. 
Que al mundo da alegria; 
Quien entretanto a la callada noche 
De acero pavorado 
Frepara apriesa el enlutado coche 
De estrellas mil bordado. 
Salen las negras horas, que en beleno 
Cinrn la sien severa, 
Vertiendo espanto, y derramando sueno 
Por toda su carrera. 
Pasa Bootes el cenit del cielo, 
La vuelta al carro dando; 
Con sus eges de escarcha en todo el suelo 
Frio licor sembrando. 
Quietud callada en pasos descuidados 
Con silencio profundo 
Senora los animos cansado 
De todo el ancho mundo. 
Las estrellas en viva centinela 
Con luz mas encendida 
Jiceleran el curso de la human a vida 
Reinan solo las sombras, en reposo 
La tierra sepultada. 
La lid de los cuidados al sabroso 
Silencio encomendada. 

* Cual, or quien] used in the above manner, should be trans*- 
lated by one, some, this, that, the other, &c. 
11 



128 POESIAS SELECTAS, 

Yo misero, a quien robttn el consuelo 

Del sueno mil cuidados, 

En vano al Cielo vuelto, me desvele 

Con pasos mal suiados. 

Silencio voceador anda en batalla 1 

Con mi ser temeroso; 

Sin tregua de quietud mi pecho se halla, 

Que llame mi reposo. 

jO saenoK-entre el brocado y terso lino 

Busco a tu paz el centro; 

Por ma« que imploro tu favor divino, 

Huella de ti no encwntro. 

Al pastorcillo entre asperos terrones 

I)e tu cuello enlazado 

Tu beso, jO suen.>! ias, sin las prisiones 

De algurt mortal cuidado. 

Tu astro Inimilde al de los grandes trutca 

La potestad; que en suma,* 

Mas bien acorre* a la paja seca. 

Que a la mullida pluma. 

Jose de IglesisK: 

EL DIA. 
jQue apacible beldad el nuevo dia 
En su rosado manto 
Muestra, triunfando de la noche fria, 

Y su adormido espanto! 

Con invisible y blando movimiento 

De su tiniebia negra 

Mscombi «, v hrrre el ambito del viente; 

Y al cielo y mundo ulrgra, 

3 Jlndar en batalla; to contend- 
* En suma; in uie, 



^ SYLLABLE. 23 

POESIAS SELEC . 

Tor el aire sereno en snsegado 
Vuelo el aljotar baja; 

Y la concha en su seiio nacarado 
Ardientes perlas cuaja. 

Sale el Sol con radiante senorio; 

Toda la mar se altera: 

Tiemhla la luz sobre el cristal sombrio, 

Que bate su ribera. ||; 

Crecen los rayos tie la luz febea 

Con inas pujante aliento, 

El bajo suelo, en derredor humea 

Y arder se mir« el viento. 

Las montanas heridas de su lumbre 

Le ven de oro banadas; 

Las aves en confusa muchedumbre 

Cantando alborozadas. 

Las flores su capuz rompen apriesa, 

Y el verde prado esmaltan; 

Y en el cristal que retiovo su risa 
Los pececillos saltan, 

Mas toda esta beldad que al mundo place,, 

No llena mi deseo; 

Si luego que la luz de Apolo nace, 

La de mi Sol no veo. 

Ven ya, Lucero mio, pues te aguardo; 

Y al pie de esta montana 

No hat rosa, ni clavel, jazmin onardo, 

Que tu tardar no estrana. 1 

Ven, que si el Delio Dios no amaneciem 

Con sus candores rojos, 

La luz el dia no perdiera 

Con ver la de tus ojos. 

1 No estrana; that is not astonished at. 



\?% p 0F -^IAS SELECTAS. 

Y vs * r L«ucero, ven: no desesperes 

^ un alma que te adora; 

Si cual muere de amor de amores muete 

Por su dulce seiiora. 

El mismo. 



VTRTUD MILITAR. 
La virtu d militar aqui se advierte 
Su hermoso rostro ardiendo en vivas llamas, 

Y las garzas del ye! mo al viento ondeaudo, 
Brlllar su peto de asperas escamas, 
Jisimdo de una mano el hasta fuerte, 

Y en la otra el paves concavo embrazandd: 
-Veloz discurre hacia uno y otro bando, 

Y entrando por los gruesos batallones, 
Los blandos corazones 

Luego, luego a lid belica movia, 
Jltizando el incendio que ya ardia 
En las contrarias belicas naciones: 
Asi que 1 en rencor, ira, odios, sanas 
Be unos, y de otros hierven las entranas. 

1 Jbi que; thus. 



THE END. 



^ SYLLABLE. 23 

S. 

-alt, grace, ele- 



EL 



TRADUCTOR ESPA^OL. 



lm 



Yo H^ 



POP' 3 ' 

LiUC r 



■*! SYLLABLE. 

S. 



EL 



-alt, grace, ele- 



LECTOR ESPANOL. 



LESSON X 



WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 



A. 

A', prep, to, in, at. 

A', or Ah, interj. ah, alas. 

Ai, interj. alas, wo. 

Al, prep, and art. to the, in the, 

at the. 
Aun, adv. yet, still. 
Aun, conj. notwithstanding. 



Cruz, subs.com.f. cross. 

Cual, pron.rel.n. or o. that, 

which, who. 
Cual, adv. like, as. 
Cual, pro. indf. one, some, this. 
Cuan, adv. how, how much. 
Czar, svbs. prop. m. Czar, or the 

emperor of Russia. 

D. 



13. 


De, prep, of, in from. 


Bien, adj. well, good, very. 


Del, prep, and art. of the, in the ; , 


Bien, subs.com.m. good, blessing, 


from the. 


lover. 


Dia, subs.com.m. day. 


Bien, interr. well, excellent. 


Dia, adv. day time. 


Bien, adv. well, very. 


Diez, adj. num. ten. 


Bias, subs.prop.m. Bias, a man's 


Dios, subs.prop.m. God. 


name. 


Do, adv. where. 


Brio, subs. com. m. spirit, force, 


Don, subs.com.m. Don, a title 


courage. 


given to noblemen in Spain, 


c. 


equivalent to Esquire. 


Don, subs.com.m. a gift, a grant; 


Ca, prep, because. 


Dos, adj.num. two. 


Cal, snbs. com.f. lime. 




Cien adj. num. hundred. 


E. 


Con, prep, with, by. 
3 


W, tonj. and* 



129, 



POF 



rt*' 



YOB**- ^ ,r 
F. 

Faz, subs. com. f. face, superficies. 

Fe, subs. com./, faith, credulity. 

Feo-a, adj. ugly, deformed, 

Feo-a, subs.com. ugly person. 

Fiel, adj. faithful, true, loyal. 

Fin,suis.co?ft.m.end,termination. 

Flor, subs. com./, flower, bloom. 

FraijSU&s.com.m. brother; title by 
which the members of reli- 
gious orders are distinguished. 

Frio, adj. cold. 

Frio, subs.com.m. cold. 

G. 

Gran, adj. great, eminent. 
Gil, subi.prop.m. Gil, a man's 
name. 

H.I. 

Hoi, adv. to-day, this day. 
Hoz, subs.com.m. scythe, sickle, 
defile. 



Jaez, subs.com.f. kind, species, 
manner. 

Juez, subs.com.m. judge, arbi- 
trator. 

L. 

La, art.f.s. the. 

La, pro.per.o.f.s. her, it. From 

ella, she. 
Las, art./. p. the. 
Las, pro. per. f. p. o. them, those. 

From ellas, they. 



,fi SYLLABLE. 

Las, pro.dem.f.p.n. those, they. 
Le, pro.per.s.m.o. him, he, it 

From el, he. 
Leon, subs.com.m. lion, (a wild 

beast.) 
Les, pro.per.p.m.o. them, those, 

From ellos, or ellas, they. 
Lei, subs.com.f. law. 
Lid, subs.com.f. struggle, strife. 
Lo, pro.neut.s.n. so. 
Lo,p-o neut.s.o. it, so. From ello, 

it. 
Los, art.p.m. the. 
Los, pro.dem.m.n. those, they. 
Luis, subs.prop.m. Lewis, a 

man's name. 
Luz, subs.com.f light. 

M. 

Mal-a, adj. bad. 

Mai, subs.com.m. evil, harm. 

Mas, adv. more. 

Mas, subs.com.m. a larger quan- 
tity. 

Mas, prep. but. 

Mar, subs.com.m. the sea, ocean. 

Me, pro.per.s.o. me, to me. 
From yo, 1. 

Mi, pro.per.s.o. to me. From ye. 

Mi, pron.pos. like mio. 

M\o-a, pro.pos.s.n.or o. my, mine. 

Mis, pro.pos.p.n. or o. my, mine.- 

Mil, adj.num. thousand. 

Mil, subs.num.s. one thousand. 

Mui, adj. very much of a^ . 

Mui, adv. very. 

N N. 
Ni, conj. neither, nor. 
No. adv. no, not. 
Nos, pro.per.p.n. we. 



WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 



Nos, pro.per.p.o. us. From noso- 
to'os, we. 

0. 

0', conj. or, either. 
O', inter. O. 
Oh, inter, oh. 

Os, pro.per.p.o. you, ye. From 
vosotros, you or ye. 

P. 

Pais, subs.com.m. country, na- 
tion, place. 
Pan, subs.com.m. bread, support. 
Par, subs.com.m. pair, equal. 
Paz, subs.com.f. peace. 
Pie, stt6s.com.rn. foot, level. 
Por, prep, by, for. 
Pues, conj. then, since. 

Q. 

Que, pron.rel.n. or o. that, which, 

who. 
Que, subs.com.m. what, what 

thing. 
Que, conj. that. 
Que, conj. for. 
Que, adv. than. 

Quien, pron.rel.n.or o. that, who. 
Quien, pron.indef. one, some, 

this. 

R. 

Raiz, subs.com.f. root, origin, 
source. 

Real, arfj. royal, real, true. 

Red, subs.com.f. grate, snare. 

Rei, subs.com.m. king. 

Reo, subs.com.m. culprit, culpa- 
ble, prisoner. 

Rio ; stt6s.cojrt.rn, river. 



Sal, subs.com.f. salt, grace, ele- 
gance, wit. 

Se, pron.per.refieco. itself, him- 
self, herself, themselves. 

Se, pron.per.o. to it, to him, to 
her, to them. 

Sed, subs com.f. thirst, desire- 

Seis, adj.num. six. 

Ser, subs.com.m. being, exis- 
tence. 

Si, pro.per.o. itself, himself, her- 
self, themselves. 

Si, conj. if, though. 

Si, adv. yes, yea, truly, in reality. 

Sien, subs.com.f. temple. 

Sin, prep, without. 

So, prep, under. 

Sol, subs.prop. and com.m. sun,. 

Son, subs.com.m. sound. 

Su, pron.pos.n. or o. its, her, his, 
their, your. 

Sus, pron.dem.n.or o. its, her, his, 
their, your. 

T. 

Tal, adv. such, such as, similar. 

Tal, adj. such. 

Tan, adv. as, so, as much. 

Te, subs.com.m. tea. 

Te, pron.per.s.o. thee, to thee. 
From tu, thou. 

Ti, pron.per s.o. thee. From tu, 
thou. 

Tras, prep, behind, independent- 
ly of. 

Tres, adj.num. three. 

Tu, pron.per.n.s. thou. 

Tu, pron.pos.s.n. or o. thy, thin^. 

Tus, pron.pos.p.n. or o. thy, yoffr. 



24 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Vez, subs.com.f. time. 

Via, subs.com.f. street. 

Vil, adj. vile, base. 

Vmd., subs.com.m. you, a title 
given to individuals in com- 
mon conversation. It is a 
contraction of justed. 

Vos, pron.per.n. you, ye. 

Voz, subs.com.f. voice, word, 
shriek, expression. 



Y, conj. and. 
Ya, conj. already. 
Yo, pron.per.n.s. I. 

u. 

U'j prep, or, either. 
Un, adj.num. one, a. 



LESSON II. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Abuso, subs com.m. abuse. 

Aca, adv. here. 

Accion, subs.com f. action, act, 
share. 

A eto, subs.com.m. act, event, 
fact. 

A'cto,o(/ymoment immediately. 

Adan, subs.prop.m. Adam, the 
first man created. 

Afan, subs.com.m. eagerness, ve- 
hemence, labour, effort. 

A'gre, subs.com.m. air, turn. 

A'gua, subs.com.f. water. 

A ire, subs.com.m. air, grace. 

A jo, subs.com.m. garlick. 

A'lba, subs.com.f. dawn, surplice. 

Aldea, subscomf. viiiage^iamlet. 

A'lgo, indef.pron. something. 

Algun, indef.pi on. some, some 
one. 



Alia, adv. there, in that place. 

Alii, adv. there, in that place. 

A lma, subs.com.f. soul, courage, 
spirit, life. 

Alto, subs.com.m. story, (of a 
house.) 

A'lto-a, adj. high, tall, lofty. 

A ma, subs.com.f. mistress, tu- 
toress, governess. 

A'mbar, subs.com.m. amber. 

A mbos-as, indef.pron. both. 

A'mo, subs.com.m. master, own- 
er, protector. 

Amor, subs.com.m. love, esteem, 
affection. 

A'ncho-a, adj. broad, wide. 

A'ncho, subs.com.m. width, 
breadth. 

A'ngel, subs.com.m. angel. 

A'ntes, prep, before. 

A'ntes, adv. rather, on the con- 
trary. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



as 



A'nte, prep, before, (previous 
to.) 

A'nte, adv. before, (in the pre- 
sence of.) 

A'no, subs.com.m. a year, a 
twelvemonth. 

Aorro, subs.com.m. parsimony, 
saving, sparingness. 

A'pia, subsprop.f. Apia, or Pele- 
ponesus, peninsula in Greece. 

Aquel-la, pron.dem.n.or o. that, 
the latter. 

Aquel-la, pron.per.n.or o. he,she. 

A rbol, subs.com.m. tree, mast. 

A'rco, subs.com.m. arch, vault. 

Ardor, subs.com.m. ardour, 
enthusiasm, warmth. 

Argel, subs.prop.m. Algiers, the 
name of the capital of one of 
the Barbary states, in N. 
Africa. 

A'rgos, subs prop.m. Argus, an 
ancient personage who is sup- 
posed to have possessed a 
hundred eyes. 

Arreo, subs.com.m. utensil, im- 
plement, tool. 

A'rma, subs.com.f. arm, weapon. 

A'rte, subs.com.m..s. art, science- 

A'rtes, subs.com.f. p. arts. 

A'sco, subs.com.m. loathsome- 
ness, annoyance. 

Asi, adv. thus, in this manner. 

Asi, conj. thus, being so. 

A'stro, suls.com.m. planet. 

Ataud, sw6s.com.rn. coffin. 

Aunque, conj. though, when, if. 

A'ura, subs.com.f. zephyrs, (soft 
winds.) 

Autor, sub3.com.rn. author, in- 
ventor. 



A've, subs.com.f. bird, fowl. 
Ayer, adv. yesterday. 

B. 

Baile, subs.com.m. dance, ball. 

Bajo, subs.com.m. basement- 
story, base person. 

Bajo-a. adj. low, vile. 

Bajo, adv. low, under, beneath. 

Bajo, prep, under. 

Balcdn, subs.com m. balcony, (a 
large window, with railings 
before it.) 

Balde, subs.com.m. bucket. 

Bando, subs.com.m. edict, order. 

Barca, subs.com.f. vessel. 

Baucio, subs.prop.m. Baucio, a 
man's name. 

Bello-a, adj. beautiful, hand- 
some. 

Beso, subs.com.m. kiss. 

Betun, subs.com.m. bitumen, ce- 
ment. 

Bienes, subs.com.m.p. blessings, 
effects. 

Blando-a, adj. soft, smooth, 
gentle. 

Blason, stifts.com.m blazon, lau- 
rel, glory. 

Boca, subs.com.f. mouth, open- 
ing, grate. 

B6da,sM&scom./. wedding, mar- 
riage. 

Bolsa, subs.com.f. pocket, purse, 
bag. 

Bomba, subs.com.f. pump, bomb, 
(a hollow ball full of com- 
bustible matter, thrown from 
a mortar.) 

Bondad, subs.com.f. goodness, 
kindness. 



26 



WORDS OP TWO SYLLABLES. 



Borde, subs.com.m. brim, edge, 
bank, border. 

Bosque, subs-comm. wood, for- 
rest, wild. 

Bote, subs.com.m. boat, blow, 
canister. 

Bracman, subs.com.m. Bracman, 
a superstitious person. 

Bravo, adj. valiant, wild, angry. 

Bravo, interr. excellent. 

Brazo, subs.com.m. arm, (a part 
of the human body. 

Bribon-a, subs.com. crafty per- 
son, rogue. 

Bronce, subs.com.m. bronze, 
hard-hearted, strong person. 

Bruja, subs.com.f. a witch, spec- 
tre. 

Brutal, adj. brutish, barbarous. 

Bruto, subs.com.m- a brute, (an 
irrational being.) 

Brato-a, adj. unpolished, rough. 

Bruto-a, ^ubs-com. a rude, unpo- 
lished person. 

Budeo, subs.prop.m. Budeus, a 
writer of note. 

Bueno, inter, well. 

Bueno-a, adj. good, well. 

Buque, subs.com.m. vessel. 

Burla, subj.com.f. joke, fun, 
trick. 

Busca, subs com./, search, quest, 
terrier, (a dog that start3 the 
game.) 



Cabo, subs.com.m. end, termina- 
tion, confine. 

Cabra, sttbs.com.m. a goat. 

Caco, subs.prop.m. Cacus, an an- 
cient miser. 



Cad a. pron.indef. each, every,, 

any. 
Caida, subs.com.f. fall, descent. 
Caido, part, fallen. From caer, 

to fall. 
Caido-a, part.abs. being fallen, 

overthrown. 
Calix subs.com.f. chalice, cup of 

affliction, calix, (of plants.) 
Calor, subs.com.m. heat, warmth, 
Calle, subs.com.f. street, road. 
Cama, sxibs.com.J. bed, couch. 
Campo, subs.com.m field, camp, 

prairie. 
Cantar, subs.com.m. lay, song, 

tune. 
Canto, subs.com.m. lay, song, a 

glee. 
Capa, subs.com.f. cloak, mask, 

pretence. 
Capaz, subs.com.m. a capable 

person. 
Capaz, adj. able, capable, skilful. 
Capuz, subs.com.m. cloak, cover, 

cloud. 
Cara, subs.com.m- face, visage, 

countenance. 
Camel, subs.com.f. jail, prison, 

dungeon. 
Cargo, subs.com.m. charge, trust, 

confidence, cargo. 
Caridad, subs.com.f. charity, 

alms. 
Carlo, subs.prop.m. Charles. 
Carlos, subs.prop.m. Charles. 
Carne, sus.comf. flesh, meat. 
Carro, subs.com.m. wagon, cha- 
riot. 
Carta, subs.com.m. letter. 
Casa, subs.com.f. house, protec- 
tion. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



27 



Casco, subs.com.m. cask, skull, 

piece of bomb. 
(Sasi, adv. almost, very near. 
Casio, subs.prop.m. Cassius, a 
brave and learned hero of 
antiquity. 
Caso, subs com.m. case, event, 

fact. 
Caudal, subs.com.m. treasure, 

property. 
Causa, subs.com f. cause, reason, 

motive. 
Ceilan, subs prop f. Ceylon, a 
larg s island in the Indian sea. 
Cejas, subs.com.f. p. eye-brows. 
Celio, subs.prop.m. Celious, a 

man's name. 
Celo, subs.com.m. zeal. 
Celos, subs.com.m.p. jealousy, 

fear, suspicion. 
Cenit, subs.com.m. zenith, the 

highest degree. 
Ceao, subs.com.m. frown, super- 
cilious aspect. 
Cerca, adv. near. 
Cerca, prep, concerning, with 

regard. 
Cerda, subs.com.p. bristle. 
Cerviz, subs.com.m. nape, (the 

back part of the neck.) 
Cesar, subs.prop.m. Csesar, a title 
given to the first twelve Ro- 
man Emperors In this Spa- 
nish Reader, it generally 
means Juiius Caesar, the 
greatest of all Roman Em- 
perors. 
Cetro, subs.com m. sceptre, dia- 
dem. 
Chanza, subs.com.f. fun, joke, 
laughter, 



Chaves, subs.prop.f. Chaves, a 

personage in Isla's Gil Bias. 
Chico-a, subs.com. child, young 

boy or girl. 
Chico-a, adj. small, little. 
Chiste, subs.com.m witty saying, 

bon-mot, witticism, story. 
Ciego-a, subs.com. a blind, or 

hallucinated person. 
Ci< s go-a, adj. blind, hallucinated. 
Cielo,sti6s.com.m. heaven, celes- 
tial region. 
Cierto-a, adj. certain, incontro- 
vertible. 
Ciencia, subs.com.f. science, art. 
Cinco, adj.num. five. 
Cipres, subs.com.m. cypress. 
Ciudad, subs.com f. city, town. 
Civil, adj. civil, intestine, polite. 
Clara, subs.prop.f. Clara, a wo- 
man's name. 
Claro-a, adj. clear, frank. 
Clavel, subs.com m pink, (a flow- 
er.) 
Clavo, subs.com.m. nail, corn, 

misery. 
Clima,su6s.com.m.climate,clime, 

region. 
Cobre, subs.com.m. copper. 
Coche, subs.com.m. coach, ba- 
rouche. 
Coecho, subs.com.m. bribe, sub- 
ornation. 
Colin, subs.pr-pm. Colin, the 
name of a parsonage, in the 
anecdotes of Corpas. 
Colirio, subs.com.f. heap, summit. 
Colon, subs.prop.m. Columbus., 

the discoverer of America. 
Como, conj. as, how, why. 



28 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Comun, s«6s.com.w. the people, 
the public. 

Cornun, adj. common. 

Concha, subs.com.m. shell, tor- 
toise. 

Conde, svbs.com.m. Count, (a 
title.) 

Contra, prep, against, contrary. 

Copa, subs.com/. cup, goblet, 
wine glass. 

Copia, subs.collcc.f. abundance, 
a great number. 

Copla, subs.com.f. couplet,ballad. 

C6rbo-a, subs.com.f. a crooked 
person. 

C6rbo-a, adj. crooked, arched, 
bent. 

€6ro, subs.com.m. choir, chorus. 

Corpas, subs prop. m. Corpas, a 
translator of some of the 
anecdotes inserted in this 
work His version, from the 
French, bears the cast of ori- 
ginality so strongly, that we 
have placed his name under 
the few of his translated 
small stories we have select- 
ed. 
Corte, subs.com f. court, (the 
place where the king resides,) 
capital, (the city where the 
court, or governmentis estab- 
lished,) cutting,civilitv, edge. 
Cortes, subs. prop. m. Cortes, the 
first conqueror of New Spain. 
Cortes, adj. civil, courteous, 

polite. 
Cortes, subs.com.p.f. cortes, or 
congress, (an assembly re- 
presenting a nation.) 



C6rto-a, subs.com. a bashful, o< 

timid person. 
C6rto-a, adj. short, small, im- 
perfect, bashful. 
Cosa, subs.com.f. thing, little 

consequence. 
Cosa de, prtp. about. 
Costa, subs.com.f. cost, coast. 
Criado-a, subs.com. servant, do- 
mestic. 
Crimen, subs.com.m. crime, of- 
fence. 
Cristal, subs.com.m. crystal, fine 

glass. 
Cristo, subs.prop.m. Christ. 
Crudo-a, adj. raw, uncooked, 

horrid. 
Cruel, subs.com.a. a cruel person. 
Cruel, adj. cruel, intolerable. 
Cuadra, subs.com f. room, apart* 

ment, court. 
Cuando, adv. when, in case. 
Cuarto, subs.com.m. room, hall, 

quarter of animals. 
Cuarto, adj. num. fourth. 
Cuatro, avjnum. four. 
Cuello, subs.com.m. neck, collar. 
Cuenta, subs.com.f. account, bill c 

narration. 
CuJ-rpo, subs.com.m. body,frame, 

volume. 
Cuei\>, subs.com.m. hide, skin, 

leather. 
Cueva. subs.com.f. cave, cavern. 

cavity, grotto. 
Culto, subs.com.m. religion, wor- 
ship. 
Culpa, subs.com.f. blame, fault, 
offence. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



29 



C timbre, subs.eom.f. summit, pi- 
nacle, crown. 

Ctina, subs.com.f. cradle, birth- 
place. 

Cuno, subs.com.m. mint. 

Cura, subs.com.f. a cure, heal- 
ing. 

Cura, subs.com.m. curate, vicar. 

Curcio, subs.prop.m. Curtius, an 
eminent historian of antiqui- 
ty. 

Curso, subs.com.m. course, way, 
direction. 

Cuyo-a, pron.rel.n.or o. whose, 
of which, of whom. 

D. 

Dado, part, given, granted, ce- 
ded. From dar, to give. 

Dado-a, part.abso. being given, 
granted. From dar, to give. 

Dama, subs.com.f. lady, (a title 
of honour ) 

Damo, subs.prop.f Damo, the 
daughter of Pythagoras, ren- 
dered immortal by her invio- 
lable secrecy. 

Daao, subs.com.m. mischief, evil. 

Deber, subs.com.m. duty, obliga- 
tion. 

Debil, adj. weak, feeble. 

Dedo, subs.com.m. finger. 

Deidad, sitbs.comf. de»ty, God. 

Deifos, subs.prop.m. I.'elphus, a 
pagan temple, erected by 
Delphus, and dedicated to 
Apollo, his father. 

De :h . s, pron.indef. the rest, the 
otl er. 

Demas,]>rep. independently, be- 
sides. 
4 



Dentro, prep, within, inside of, 

Desde, prep. from. 

Desden, subs.com.m. disdain, dis- 
regard, contemn. 

Deseo, subs.com.m. desire, wish. 

Despues, adv. after, (in succeed- 
ing time,) 

Despues, prep, after, (following 
in place, or posterior in time.) 

Deudor, subs.com.m. debtor, a 
person indebted. 

Dicho, part, said, uttered. From 
decir, to say. 

Diego, subs.prop.m. James. 

Digno-a, adj. worthy, deserving, 
condign. 

Dobidn, subs.com.m. doubloon, a 
Spanish gold coin. 

Ddce, ad.num. twelve. 

D6cto-a, subs.com. learned, eru- 
dite person. 

D6cto-a, adj. learned, wise. 

Doctor, subs.com.m. physician, 
doctor, a title given to pro- 
fessors of divinity, law, &c. 

Do o, subs.com.m. fraud, deceit, 
imposition. 

Dolor, stt6s.com.rn, grief, pain, 
affliction. 

Donde, adv. where. 

Dote, subs.com m. dowery, por- 
tion. 

Driade, subs.com.f. Driad, a fa- 
bulous fish. 

Duda, subs.com f doubt, ambi- 
guity. 

Duelo, subs.co n.f. mourning, du- 
el. 

luenva, subs.com. owner, pro- 
prietor. 

Dulce, adj. soft, gentle, sweet. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Duque, subs.com.m. Duke, a title 
of honour. 

Duro, subs.com.m- dollar, a sil- 
ver coin. 

Duro-a, adj. hard, rough, obsti- 
nate , 

E. 

Edad, subs.com.f. age, time. 

E'fes, subs.com.p.m. efFs, (the 
name of this character, f.) 

E'lla, pron.per.f.s.n. she, it. 

E'lla, pron.per.f.s.o. her, it. 

Ello, pron.per.neut.sn. it. 

Empleo, sumt.com.m. trust, oc- 
cupation, station. 

E'ntre, prep, among, between. 

E'se, pron.dem.s.mo. or n. this, 
that, the latter. 

E'so, pron.dem.s.neut o. or n. this, 
that. 

E'sos-as,p'o?i.cZem.;).o.om. these, 
those. 

E'sta, pron.dem.s.f.o. or n. this. 

E'ste, pron.dem.s.m.o. or n. this. 

Estfo, subs.com. summer, dog- 
days. 

E'sto, pron.dem.neut.o. or n. this. 

E'stos-as, pron.dem.p.o. or n. 
these. 

Etre, subs.prop.m. Etre, a French 
marshal. 

F. 

Facil, adj. easy, not difficult. 

Faja, svbs.com.m. bandage, rol- 
ler, belt. 

Falda, subs.com.m. skirt, lap, 
brow of a hill, leaf of a hat. 

Falso-a, adj. false, deceitful, 
counterfeited. 



Falta, subs.com.f. fault, defe,t;i 
mistake. 

Fama, subs.com.f. fame, renown. 

Fanal, subs.com.m. lamp, lan- 
thorn, light. 

Farson, subs.prop.m. Farson, the 
husband of a Spanish heroine. 

Favor, suds.c0m.1n. favour, pro- 
tection, means. 

Fealdad. subs.comf. ugliness, 
deformity. 

Febo, subs.prop.m. Phoebus, or 
the sun. 

Febeo-a, adj. brilliant, shining, 
refulgent. 

Feijoo, snbs.prop m. Feijoo, one 
of the most scientific and eru- 
dite menSpain ever produced. 

Feliz, adj. happy, felicitous. 

Feroz, adj. ferocious, beastly. 

Fertil, adj. prolific, fertile. 

T'\ldo,part. trusted, relied, from 
Fie;-, to trust. 

Fiado, part.subs.tan.a person that 
trusts, or relies. 

Fiado-a, part. adj. trusting, rely- 
ing. 

Fiera, subs.com.f. wild-beast. 

Fiero-a, adj. ferocious, brutal, 
beastly, inhuman. 

Fino-a, subs.com. a cunning, or 
sagacious person. 

Fino-a, adj. fine, nice, crafty, 
cunning, polished. 

Final, adj. terminating, conclu- 
sive, final. 

Fines, subs.com.p. end, confines. 

Fiquis, subs.prop.f. Fichis, the 
goddess, of the fields. 

Firme, adj. firm, strong, unbend- 
ing, inflexible 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



31 



Flaco-a, adj. weak, feeble, lean, 
meagre. 

Flaqueza, subs.com.f weakness, 
foible. 

Flauta, subs.com.f. flute. 

Flora, subs. com/. Flora, the god- 
dess of flowers, and gardens. 

Fondo, subs.com.m. bottom, 
ground of stuffs. 

Forma, subs.com/. figure, form, 
regularity. 

Fragor, subs.com.m. smell, scent, 
noise. 

Franco-a, adj. frank, open, 
free. 

Frances-a, suhs.com. a French 
person, a native of France. 

Frances-a, adj. French, Gallic. 

Frascon, subs.prop.m Frascon, a 
Spanish character. 

Freno, subs.com.m. reins, curb, 
bridle. 

Frente, subs.com.f. front, fore- 
head, countenance. 

Fresco-a, adj. fresh, new, cheer- 
ful. 

Frito-a, part. adj. fried. From 
freir, to fry. 

Fruto, subs.com.m. fruit, effect, 
grain. 

Frutal, subs.collec.m. orchard, a 
number of fruitful trees." 

Frutal, adj. fruitful. 

Fuego, subs.com.m. fire, confla- 
gration. 

Fuente, subs.com.f. fountain, 
spring, source. 

Fuera, prep, out, except, inde- 
pendently. 

Fuera, adv. abroad. 

F.uerte, adj, strong, massy, hard. 



Fuerza, subs.com.f. strength, 

force. 
Fugaz, adj. swift, shy, fugitive. 
Furia, subs.com.f. fury, rage, 

hurry. 
Furor, subs.com.f. fury, madness, 

passion. 



Gachdn, adj. pampered, spoiled, 

(applied to children.) 
Gala, subs.com.f. gala, or court 

dress. 
Garra, subs.com.m. claw, talon, 

paw. 
Gasto, subs.com.m. expense. 
Gefe, sM6s.com.rn. ehief, officer^ 

ring-leader. 
Genio, subs.com.m genius, a man 

posses ed of genius. 
Gente, subs.collecf. people, an 

assemblage of persons. 
Gesu, ) 
Gesus C mbs -P rn P- m - Jesus. 

Gentil, adj. gentle, soft, assuag- 
ing. 

Gil-Bias, subs.prop.m. Gil-Blass, 
the hero of a novel written 
by Father Jsla, a Jesuit. 

Gilio, subs.prop.m. a historian of 
note. 

Globo subs.com.m. the globe, the 
earth. 

Gloria, subs.com.m. glory, fame, 
renown. 

Gnido, subs.prop.f. Gnidus, an 
ancient promontory. 

Goce, subs.com m. enjoyment. 

G6do-a, subs.prop. a Goth, an- 
cient northern savage. 

G6do-a, adj. Gothic, 



S2 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Golpe, subs. com. m. blow, stroke. 

Gdrdo-a, adj. thick, fat, big. 

Gdrra, subs.ccm.f cap, parra- 
site, sp'inger. * 

Gdzo, subsccm m. enjoyment, 
pleasure, ji.ib.»lee, cheer. 

Gracia, mbs.com.f. thank, grace, 
gift, elegy nee. 

Grada, subs.com.m. degree, step, 
will. 

Grande, subs.com.m. grandee, a 
title by which the nobles of 
Spain are distinguished. 

Grande, adj. great, eminent, 
large. 

Grandez, tubs.com m. greatness, 
eminence, bigness. 

Grave, adj. grave, dignified, 
morose. 

Griego-a, subs com. a Greek, 
native of Greece. 

Griego-a, adj. Greek, Attic. 

Grito, subs.com.m. shout, cry, 
voice. 

Grueso, subs.com.m. thickness, 
bigness. 

Grueso-a, adj. thick, large. 

Guarda, subs.com.m. guard, pro- 
tection, custom-house officer. 

Guiado, part, guided. From 
guiar, to guide. 

Guiado-a, adj. guided. 

Gula, subs.com.f. gluttony. 

Gusto, subs.com.m. taste, plea- 
sure. 

H. 

Habla, subs.com.f speech, talk. 
Hacia, prep, towards, to. 
Hambre, subs.com.f. hunger, de- 
sire. 



Ham pa, subs.com f. bully, bragr 
ger. 

Harto-a, adj. full, very, surfeit- 
ed. 

Hasta, prep, till, until. 

Hebra, subs.com.f. hair, thread., 
silk, fibre. 

Hecho, part: made, done. From 
hacer, to make. 

Hecho-a, part.abso. being done, 
made, 

Hechor, subs.com.m. maker, per- 
former, he who commits an 
act. 

Hembra, subs.com.f. female, nut,. 
eye. 

Hierba, subs.com.f. herb, grass. 

Hierro, subs.com.m. iron, (a me- 
tal.) 

HIjo, sitfes.com.m. son, child, 
young one. 

Hija, subs.com f daughter, child. 

Hdja, subs.com.f. leaf, blade, 
scale. 

Hombre, subs.com.m. man, hus- 
band. 

Hondo, subs.com.m. depth, pro- 
fundity. 

H6ndo-a, adj. deep, profound. 

Honor, subs.com.m. honour, re- 
putation. 

Honra, subs.com.f. honour, re- 
verence. 

Hdra, subs.tomf. hour, time. 

Horror, subs.com.m. horror, 
fright. 

Hueco-a, adj. hollow, empty, 
vain. 

Huella, subs.com m. footstep. 

Hueso, subs.com.m. bone, stone, 
toil, 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Huevo, subs.com.m. egg, spawn. 

Humo, subs.com.m. smoke, va- 
pour, vanity. 

Humor, subs.com.m. humour, 
moisture. 

I. 

Idea, subs.com f. idea, design, 
notion. 

Igual, adj. equal, resembling, 
even. 

I'ra, subs.com.f. ire, anger, re- 
venge. 

Isabel, subs.prop.f. Isabella, the 
name of a person. By this 
appellation was called a re- 
nowned queen of Spain. 

I'sla, subs.com f. isle, island. 

I'sla, siibs.prop.f. Isla, the sur- 
name of a great Spanish 
writer. 

Israel, subs.prop.m. Israel, a pro- 
vince of Egypt. In ancient 
times there lived in this pro- 
vince the Israelites, or Jews, 
who escaped from Pharoah. 

Israel, subs.prop.m. Israel, an 
ancient patriarch, and after 
him are now many men cal- 
led. 

J. 

Jamas, adv. never. 
Jardin, subs.com.m. garden. 
Jasmin, subs.com. jessamin, (a 

flower.) 
Joven, subs.com.m. or/, youth, 

young man or lady. 
Joven, adj. young, youthful. 
Jose, subs.prop.m. Joseph, a 

man's name. 
4* 



Juanot, subs.prop.m. Juanot, the 

name of a personage in the 

anecdotes of Corpas. 
Juego, subs.com.m. play, gam 

bling. 
Juicio, subs.com.m. judgment, 

opinion. 
Julia, subs.prop.m. Julia, the 

name of an avenue, or way 

in Rome. 
Julian, subs.com.m. Julianus, a 

Roman Emperor. 
Julio, subs.prop.m. July, the 

name of the seventh month 

of the year. 
Junto-a, adj. together with, 

united. 
Junto, adv. near, contiguous. 
Justo-a, mbs.com.m. a just, or 

blessed person in heaven. 
Justo-a, adj. just, correct, up- 
right. 



Labio, subs.com m. lip, edge, (of 
any thing ) 

Lado, subs.com.m. side, compa- 
nion. 

Ladron, subs.com.m. thief, rob- 
ber, lock. 

Laercio, subs.com.m. Laertius 
Diogenes, an ancient writer. 

Lago, subs.com.m. lake, swamp. 

Lancha, subs.com.m. launch ; gun- 
boat, cutter. 

Largo-a, adj. long, large, free. 

Latin, subs.com.m. the Latin lan- 
guage. 

Latin-a, adj. Latin, Roman. 

Laurel, subs.com m. laurel, glory, 
renown. 



34 



WORDS OF TWO SYLL ABBES. 



Lazo, subs.com.m. tie, knot, 
snare. 

Leandro, subs.com.m. Leandro, 
a man's name. 

Leccion, subs.com.m. lesson, lec- 
ture. 

Lecho, subs.com.m. couch, litter, 
■ bed. 

Lector, subs.com.m. reader, pro- 
fessor. 

Legua, subs.com.m. league, (a dis- 
tance of three miles ) 

Lejos, adv. far, at a distance 

Lemnos, subs prop- f. Lemnos, an 
island of Turkey in the Ar- 
chipelago. 

Lengua, subs. com f. tongue, lan- 
guage. 

Lento-a, adj. slow, tardy, slug- 
gish. 

Letra, subs.com.f. letter, charac- 
ter, type. 

Leve, adj. light, trifle. 

Leyes, p. of lei, law. 

Libia, subs.propf. Libya, a part 
of Africa. 

Libra, subs.prop.f. Libra, the 
same as Libya. 

Libra, subs.com f. pound, a cer- 
tain weight, and a certain 
imaginary coin. 

Libra, adj. free, exempt, inno- 
cent. 

Librea, subs.com m. clothes, gar- 
ment, robes. 

Libro, sit6s.com m- book. 

Licor, subs.com m liquor, spirits. 

Lienzo, subs. com m. Jinnen, rag. 

Limpio-a, subs.com-f. ciean, neat, 
elegant. 



Lince, subs.ccm.m. lynx, perspi- 
cacity, a sagacious person. 

Lindn, adj. neat, pretty, com- 
plete, fine. 

LTrio, subs.com.m. lily. 

Liso-a, adj. soft, even, clear. 

Livio, subs.prop.m. Titus Liviu?, 
an eminent writer of antiquity. 

Ldbo, subs.com.m. wolf, (a wild 
beast.) 

L6co-a, adj. mad, foolish. 

Loco, subs.com.m. a crazy per- 
son. 

Loeches, sufis-comm. Loeches, a 
town of Spain. 

Lonja, subs.com.f. exchange, 
warehouse, store. 

Losa, subs.com f. flag, (a cer- 
tain stone used for pave- 
ment,) earthenware. 

Luces, subsccm.mp. talents, ge- 
nius, kowledge. 

Luego, adv. soon, immediately. 

Lugar, subs.com.m. place, town. 

Ltimbre, subs.com.f. light, spark, 
fire. 

Ltina, subspropf. moon, glass 
plate. 

Luto. subs.com.m. mourning, the 
dress of sorrow. 

LL. 

Llaga, sidjs.com f sore, wound. 
Llama, subs.ccmf. flame, spark, 

fire. 
Llano, adj plain, frank, modest. 
Llanto, subs.ccm.m. groan, tear, 

flood of tears. 
Lleno-a, adj. full, complete, 

brim full. 
Lluvia, subs.com.f. rain, shower. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



M. 

Vlaeeio, subs. prep. m. Mactius, an 
eminent person. 

Madre, subs.com.f. mother. 

Madrid, subs. prop./. Madrid, (the 
capital of Spain) 

Magno-a. adj great, superior. 

Magia, sxibs.com/. magic. 

Maidad, subs.com.f. wickedness, 
malice. 

Males, subs.com.m.p. evils, mi- 
series. 

Mancha, subs.com.f stain, spot. 

Mancha, subs.prop.f Mancha, a 
province of Spain. 

Manga, subs.com.f. sleeve, water- 
spout. 

?*Ianjar, subs.com.m. dainty,dish, 
food. 

Mano, subs.com.f. hand, pestle, 
command: 

Mansion, subs.com.f. mansion, 
abode, house. 

Manta, subs.com.f. blanket, ta- 
pestry, thrashing. 

Manto, subs.com.m. veil, cloak, 
mantle-piece. 

Mana, subs.com.f. dexterity, ar- 
tifice. ^ 

Marca, subs.propf Marche, a 
town of Trevisan in Italy. 

Marca, subs.com.f. sign, mark, 
scar. 

Margen, subs.com.f margin, bor- 
der, edge. 

Maria subs.prop.f. Maria, a wo- 
man's name. 

Marcial, adj. martial, warlike. 

Mario, subs.prop.m. Marius, a 
Roman consul. 



Marmol, subs.com.m. marble, (a 
fine stone.) 

Masa, subs.com.f. mass, dough,, 
mortar. 

Maton, subs.com.f. bully. 

Matiz, subs.com.f. shade of co- 
lours. 

Mayo, subs.prop.m. May, the fifth 
month of the year. 

Medio, subs.com.m. means, way, 
middle, centre. 

Medio-a, adj. half. 

Media, subs.com.f stocking. 

Mejor, adj.comp. better. 

Menos, adv. less. 

Menos, prep, except, save. 

Menor, adj.comp. less, smaller. 

Merced, subs.com.f. a benefit, 
favour. 

Merced, subs.com.f. worship, a- 
title with which we address 
persons, See listed. 

Mero-a, adj. mere, nothing but. 

Mesa, subs.com.f tablc,boarding. 

Mesis.s,subs.com.m. Messiah, (the 
Redeemer.) 

Metal,sw6s.com.m.metal,strength 
of voice. 

Miedo, subs.com.m. fear, appre- 
hension. 

Miente, subs.com.m. mind, incli- 
nation. 

Mientra, £ a ^- whilst, in the 

Mientras, > mean time. 

Miguel, subs.prop.m. Michael, a 
man's name. 

Millon, subs.num. a million. 

Mina, subs.com.f. mine, spring. 

Mira, subs.com.f view, object. 

Miron, subs.com.m. observer, 
gazer. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Mismo-a, adj. the same, equal, 

self. 
Mitad, subs.com f the half. 
Mdda, subs.com.f. fashion, cus- 
tom. 
Mddo,subs. com. m. manner, mode, 

mood. 
Molde, subs.com.vi. mould, mo- 
del. 
Monte, subs, com.m. mount, wood. 
Montiel, subs.prop.m. Montiel, a 

place in Spain. 
Moral, subs.com.m. morality, 

mulberry-tree. 
Moral, adj. moral, relating to 

the duties of life. 
More, subs.prop.m. More, a very 
distinguished English chan- 
cellor. 
Moro, subs.com. a Moor. 
M6ro-a, adj. moorish. 
Mortal, adj. mortal, deadly. 
Mdzo, subs.com.m. a young man. 
Moza, subs.comf. a young lady. 
Mozo-a, adj. young, tender. 
Mucho, adv. much, very. 
Mucho-a, adj. much, many, 

abundant. 
Mucio, subs.prop.m. Mutius, a 

distinguished Roman. 
Muerte, subs.com.m. death, assas- 
sination. 
Muerto, subs.com.m. corpse, a 

dead body. 
Muerto-a, adj. dead, faded. 
Muger, subs.com.f. woman, wife. 
Mundo, subs.com.m. world, man- 
ners. 
Muro, subs.com.m. wall,rampart. 



N. 

Nada, siibs.com.f. nothing, non- 
existence. 
Nada, adv. by no means. 
Nadie, pron.indef. no one, no- 
body. 
Nardo, subs.com.m. spikenard. 
Nariz, subs.com.f. nose, nostril. 
Nausea, subs.com.f. nauseous- 

nr^s, disgust, displeasure. 
Navio, subs.c0m.7n. vessel, a ship 

of the line. 
Necio-a, suhs.com. a fool or stu- 
pid person. 
Necio-a,rttfj. foolish, stupid, non- 
sensical. 
Negro-a, subs.com.m. a coloured 

person. 
Negro-a, adj. black, of a dark 

colour. 
Nerdn, subs.prop.m. Nero, a Ro- 
man tyrant. 
Nerva, subs.prop.f. Nerva,a place 

in Sweden. 
Nervio, subs.com.m. nerve, ar- 
tery. 
Nido, subs.com.m. nest, abode, 

residence. 
Nieto, subs.com.m. grandson. 
Nieta,su6s.ro?n./. grandaughter. 
Nieve, subs.com.f. snow, extreme 

whiteness. 
Ningun-a, pron.indef no, no- 
body, no person. 
Ninfa, subs.com.f. nymph. 
Ninez, subs.com.f. childhood. 
Nino-a, subs.com. child. 
Noble, subs.com.m. noblemae-. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



O'ra, conj. now, whether, whe* 
ther it be. 

O'rden, subs.com.f. order, pre- 
cept. 

Origen, subs.com.m. origin., 
source,. 

O'ro, swms.i5otw.wii gold, riches, 
trinket. 

O tro-a, adj. another, other. 



Noble, adj. noble, illustrious. 
Noche, subs.com.f. night, dark- 
ness. 
Notnbre, subs.com.m. name, 

noun. 
Norma, subs.com.f. square, mo- 
del. 
Norte, subs.prop.m. the north 

wind. 
Norte, subs.com.m. rule, guide, 

star. *■ ' 

Novio, klbs.com.m. bridegroom. Pablo, subs.prop.m. Paul, a man's 

Novia, subs.com.f bride. name. 

Nube, subs.com.f. cloud, film, Padre, subs.com.m. father, an- 

shade. cester, origin. 

Nuestro-a, pron.poss.o. orn. our, Page, subs.com.m: page, domes- 

ours. tic. 

Nu>?YO-a, adj. new, repaired, Paja, subs.com.m. straw, blade. 

beginning. Papa, subs.com.m. pope, the pon- 

Nupcial, adj. nuptial, any thing tiff 

pertaining to marriage. Pared, subs.com.f. wall, rampart. 
Papel, subs.com.m. paper, figure. 
Para, prep, for, to, towards. 

O'bra, subs.com.f. work, labour, Parche, subs.com.m. patch, plas- 

writing. ter. 

O'cho, adj. num. eight. Parte, sufc.com f part, share, 

O'cio, subs.com.m. laziness, in- territory, dispatch. 

dolence. Paso, subs.com.m. step, business, 

dio, subs.com.m. hatred, detes- recourse. 

tation. Pastor, subs.com.m. shepherd^ 

Oido, subs.com.m. hearing, ear. pastor. 

Oido, part, heard, listened to. Patio, subs.com.m. yard, court^ 

From Oir, to hear. pit. 

Oido-a, part.abso. being heard. Patria, subs.com f. country, place 

jo, subs.com.m. eye, sight, la- of birth. 

ther. Paves, subs.com.m. shield. 

O'la, subs.crm.f. wave, billow. Pavor, subs.com.m. dread, terror. 

Olor, subs.com.m. smell, odour, Pecho, subs.com.m. breast, cou- 

hope. rage, bosom. 

O'pas, swos.prop.m. Opas,a Gothic Pedro, subs.prop.m. Peter, a 

traitor. man's name. 



O. 



S8 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 






Pensil, subs.cmn.m. pensile, (a 
hanging or any other garden.) 

Pena, subs.com.m. rock. 

Pera, sitfts.cotn.m. pear, (a fruit.) 

Pero, prep, but, except, yet. 

Perro, sw6s.cow.rn. dog, loss. 

Persia, subs.prop f Persia, an ex- 
tensive empire of Asia. 

Pesca, subs.com f. fishing. 

Peso, subs.com.m. weight, conse- 
quence, dollar. 

Peste, subs com.m. plague, pest. 

Peto, subs.com.m. breast-plate. 

Piedra, subs.com.f. stone. 

Pinsel, subs.com.m. peneil. 

Pison, subs.prop.m. Piso, a cele- 
brated Koman. 

Pisto, subs.cjm.m. substance, 
juice. 

Placer, su&s. com.m. pleasure, de- 
light. 

Planta, subs.com.f. plant, sole, (of 
the foot.) 

Plata, subs.com.f. silver, plate, 
wealth. 

Playa, subs.com.f. shore, beach. 

Plaza, subs.com.f. town, place, 
square. 

Plazo, subs.com.m. credit, ap- 
pointed time. 

Pluma, subs.com.f. pen, feather, 
writer. 

Pobre, subs.com.m. poor, men- 
dicant. 

Pobre, adj. poor, indigent, insig- 
nificant. 

Poco, subs.com.m. a small quan- 
tity. 

Poco, adv. little. 

Poco-a, adj. scanty, little. 



Poder, subs.com.m power, force, 
authority. 

Poesia, subs.com.f. poetry. 

Poesias, subs.com.f.p. poetical 
works, pieces of poetry. 

Poeta, subs.com.m. poet, bard. 

Polvo, subs.com.m. powder, pow- 
ders. 

Pornpa, subs.com.m. pomp, mag- 
nificence. 

Porcion, subs.com.f. portion, 
quantity. 

Porfia, subs.com.f. obstinacy, 
vying. 

Porque, conj. because, on ac- 
count of 

Porte, subs.com.m. carriage, pos- 
tage, conduct, caliber. 

Pdsta, subs.com.f. mail, post-of- 
fice. 

Pdsta, subs.com.m. one who tra- 
vels post. 

Pdzo, subs.com.m. well, whirl- 
pool. 

Prado, subs.com.m. meadow, 
prairie. 

Preeio, subs.com.m. price, va- 
lue. 

Premio, subs.c0yn.7n. premium, 
reward. 

Prenda, subs.com.m. accomplish- 
ment, pawn, apiece of furni- 
ture. 

Fresa, subs.com.m. capture, prize, 
dike. 

Freso, subs.com.m. a prisoner, a 
person accused. 

Preso, part, taken, seized. From 
Tomar. to take. 

Presto, adv. soon, directlv. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



59 



JPretor, sw65.c07n.rn. Praetor, for- 
merly one of the chief magis- 
trates of Rome. 

Priesa, adv. haste, hurry. 

Primer, adj.num. first, chief, su- 
perior. 

Prision, subs.com/. prison, dun- 
geon, jail. 

Primor, subs.com.m. nicety, de- 
licacy. 

Pronto, adv. soon, immediately. 

Propio, subs.com.m. express, 
messenger. 

Propio-a, adj. peculiar to, own, 
proper. 

Prueba, subs.com.f. proof, evi- 
dence. 

Pueblo, subs.com.m. tosvn, popu- 
lation, the people. 

Puer.te, subs.com m. bridge. 

Pues'iJ, adj. puerile, childish. 

Puerta, subs com,/, door, gate. 

Puerto, swfts.com.m. port, haven, 
h arbour. 

Puesto, subs.com.m. place, post 
office. 

Puesto, conj. since. 

Puesto,pur£. placed. From poner, 
to place. 

Punt? subs.com.f. point, extre- 
mity. 

Punto, subs.com.m. point, end, 
punctilio. 

Purga, sit6s.com.7n. purge, medi- 
cine. 

Puro-a, adj. pure, unmingled. 

Q. 

Queja, subs.com.f. complaint. 
Quiebra, subs.com.f. failure, 
breaking. 



Quieto-a, adj. quiet, tranquil. 
Quietud, subs.com.f. quietude s 
tranquility, undisturbed ease. 
Quince, adj.num. fifteen. 

R. 

Ragaz, stt6s.com.77i. bosom, ce»-» 

tre, boy. 
Rama, subs.com.f. branch, shoot^ 

rack. 
Ramo, subs.com.f. germ, depart- 
ment, branch. 
Raro-a, adj. rare, curious. 
Rasgo, subs.com.m. trait, action, 

act, dash. 
Raso-a, adj. plain, bear, open, 

private. 
Rastro, subs.com.m. track, sledge, 

vestige. 
Rato, subs.com m. while, a short 

time. 
Raudo, adj rapid, tremendous. 
Rayo, subs.coai.m. thunderbolt, 

ray, beam. 
Razon, subs.com.m- reason, right. 
Rebes, subs.com.m. back part, 

reverse. 
Recto-a, adj. right, straight, just. 
Redil, subs.com.m. sheepfold, 

cover. 
Region, subs.com.f. region > 

clime. 
Regla, subs.com.f. rule, regular 

tion, ruler. 
Reino, subs.com.m. kingdom. 
Reja, subs.com.f. grate, plough" 

share. 
Rencdr, subs.com.m. rancour, 

animosity, 
Renta subs.com.f. revenue, rent 
Reojo, subs.com.m. double-eye. 



40 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Resto, subs.collec the rest, re- 
maining part. 

Keres, same as Rebss. 

Rico-a, subs.com. a wealthy per- 
son. 
. Rico-a, adj. rich, wealthy. 

Rigor, subs.com.m. severity, ri- 
gour. 

Rienda, subs. com. f. rein, curb, 
bridle. 

Rincon, subs.com.m. corner, re- 
tirement. 

Risa, subs.com.f. laughter, pleas- 
ing emotion. 

Iiito, subs.com.m. rite, tenet. 

Riza, subs.com.f. desolation, ra- 
vage. 

Ropa, subs.com.f. clothes 

Rocio, subs.com.m. dew, divine 
inspiration. 

Rodeo, subs.com.m. turning, 
winding. 

R6jo-a, subs.com m a person of 
a red complexion. 

R6jo-a, adj. red, ruby. 

Roma, subs.prop.f. Rome, a fa- 
mous city in Italy; in ancient 
times the capital of the Ro- 
man empire. 

Ropa, subs.com.f. clothes. 

Rosal, subs.com.m. rose-bush, a 
number of rose-busues. 

Rosi, subs.prop.f. Rosi, an Italian 
heroine. 

R6st.ro, subs.com.m. counte- 
nance, face. 
Roto, part, broken. From Rom- 
per, to break. 
Roto-a, par Labs, being broken, 
ended. 



Rubio-a, subs.com.m. a person 
of a fair complexion, and light 
hair. 

Rubio-a, adj. red, redish, ruby. 

Rudo-a, subs.com. rude, vulgar 
person. 

Rudo-a, adj. rude, vulgar, bar- 
barous. 

Rueda, subs.com.f. wheel, roll. 

Ruego, subs.com. m. a prayer, 
petition, request. 

Ruido,su/s.com.M. noise, dispute. 

Ruina, subs.com.f. ruin, destruc- 
tion. 

Riimbo, subs.com.m. course, 
point, way. 

Rumor, subs.com.m. noise, rn- 
mour, whispering. 

S. 
Saber, subs.com.m. knowbdge, 

erudition. 
Sabio-a, adj. erudite, learned, 

wise. 
Salud, subs.com f. health, safety. 
Salve, subs.com.f. the Salve Re- 

gina. 
Salve, inter, hail. 
Sarcho, subs.prop.m. Sancho, a 
personage in the novel writ- 
ten by Cervantes, called Don 
Quixote, or Quijote. 
Sangre, subs.com.f. blood, fami- 
ly, incision. 
Santo-a, subs.com. a Saint. 
Santo-a, adj. holy, sacred, grate- 
ful. 
Sana, subs.com.f. wrath, anger, 

passion. 
Sauce, subs.com.m. willow, (a 
tree.) 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



41 



Sazon, subs.com.m. maturity, 
taste, opportunity, season. 

Seda, subs.com.f. silk. 

Seco-a, adj. dry, barren, cross. 

Segun, prep, according to. 

Selva, subs.ccm.f. forest, thicket. 

Senda, subs. com./, path, way. 

Seno, subs.com.m. bosom, centre. 

.Sella, subs.com.m. sign, mark, 
watchword. 

Seiial, subs.com.m. sign, land- 
mark, symptom, seat. 

Seiior, subs.com.m. Lord, God, 
master, sir. 

Serio-a, adj. serious, grand, un- 
couth, undue. 

Sermon, subs.com.m. sermon, 
censure, lecture. 

Sido, part, been. From S£r,tobe. 

SiSmpre, udv. always, ever, 

Siete, adj. num. seven. 

Sigio, subs.com.m. age, century, 
a long time. 

Simple, subs.com.m. simple,pure, 
p.a.n. 

Sineon, subs.prop.m. Chincon, a 
town in bpain. 

Sino, prep, except, only, but. 

Siquem, subs.prop.m. Sechsm, or 
Sichem, a city that stood on 
Mount Ephraim, near Jeru- 
salem. 

Sitio, subs.com.m. place, site, 
siege. 

Sdbre, prep, on, upon, over, be- 
sides,, independently of. 

Solis, subs.prop.m. Soiis, an emi- 
nent Spanish historian. 

Sol o, subs com.m. throne. 

Sdlo-a, adj. alone, bereft. 

Solo, adv. only, alone. 
5 



Soma, subs.com.m. Soma, a Greek, 

eminent (or his generosity. 
Sdmbra, subs.comf. shade, spi-. 

rit, shelter, protection. 
Sombno-a, adj. dark, cloudy . 
Sdrdo, subs.com.m. deaf, siient 

person. 
Sdrdo, adj. deaf, silent, callous. 
Sueido, subs.com.m. wages, pay, 

salary. 
Suela, subs. com. f. sole, leather. 
Suelo, subs.com.m. floor, ground, 

soil; 
Siu'no, subs.com.m. sleep ; dream, 

vision. 
Suerte, subs.com.f. fate, chance, 

lot. 
Suave, adj. soft, smooth. 
Suma,-s bs.c m.f. Slim, amount. 
Suinu, adj.sup.. highi-stj loftiest. 
Susto, si:b,c<m.m. fright, terror. 
Sutil, adj. .subtle, sharp, acute. 
Suyo-a. pron.possisSiO. or n. his, 

hers, theirs, yours. 

T. 

Tabia, subs com./, table, board, 
plot Oi" earth. 

Tacha, subs.com.f. fault, imper- 
fection, way. 

Taeto, sab ..com.m. touch, sense 
of feehng. 

Tajo, subs.prop.m. Tagus, a river 
in Spain. 

Tambien, adv. also, likewise. * 

Tarribien, conj. also, and. 

Tan to; adv. so much, as much, so. 

Tarde, adj. slow, tardy. 

Tarde, adv. late, afternoon, past 
the time. 

Tardo-a 3 sxt&s.coMj. a slow person. 



iO. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Tarea, subs.com.f. labour, occu- 
pation, work. 

Tasa, subs.com.f. tax, measure, 
rate, assize. 

Teatro, subs.com.m thealre,play- 
house. 

Tempi o, subs.c0m.7n. temple, 
church. 

Temor, subscom.m. fear, terror. 

Termas, sv.bs.pr0p.7n. Termas, a 
town in Spain. 

Termas, subs.com.m.p. bath 
hou-fs. 

Terron.su&s.ccm.-Hi.ciod of earth, 
lump, (of any tiling,) land. 

Terso-a, adj. clean, polished, 
beautiful. 

'Fibre, subs. prop. m. Tiber, a large 
'river in Italy. 

Tiempo, subs.com.m. time, wea- 
ther, leisure, opportunity. 

Tiernc-a, adj. tender, affection- 
ate, delicate. 

Tierra, subs-prop./, the earth, 
(the globe.) 

Tierra, subs.c0m.7n. land, earth, 
soil, native place. 

Tino, subs.com.m. judgment, 
prudence. 

Tiota, subs.com.f. ink, tint. 

Tiulo-dL, parl.abs. being stained, 
tainted. From Teuir, to die, 
to stain. 

TIilo, part, died, stained. From 
Tehir. 

Tiro, subs.com.m. discharge, 
mark, shot. 

Tito, subs.prop.77i. Titus, the first 
name of Livy, a Roman his- 
torian, born at Patavium, 
now called Padua. 



Todo, subs.cc/n.m. the whole. 

T6dc-a, adj. all. 

Toga, subs.c0m.7n. gown, toga, 
costume worn by the Romans. 

Tom a, subs.com.f. taking, seiz- 
ing, apprehension. 

Tomas, subs.prop.m. Thomas, a 
man's name. 

Tdno, subs.co7ii.m. tone, voice, 
maimer, tune. 

Toque, subs.com.m. touch, ring- 
ing of bells, essay. 

Torno, subs.com.i7i. wheel, cir- 
cumvolution. 

Torpe, subs.com. a clumsy, rough, 
or rude person. 

Torpe, adj. rude, clumsy, bar- 
barous, libidinous. 

Toro, subs.co7ii.in. bull. 

Torre, subs.com.f. steeple,tower. 

Torreon, subs.com.m. rondel, a 
round tower. 

T6scc-a, subs.com. an ill-bred, 
rude person. 

T6sco-a, adj. rough, rude, un- 
polished. 

Total, subs.com.m. the whole, 
sum, totality, amount. 

Total, adj. general.universal, to- 
tal. 

Trage, subs.com.m. dress, cos- 
tume, garb. 

Trance, suis.com.m. danger, pe- 
rilous situation, the last stage 
of life. 

Trato, siibs.com.m. intercourse, 
commerce, treatment, usage, 
behaviour. 

Tregua, subs.com.m. repose, 
truce, cessation of hostilities. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Triste, subs.com. a person of a 
sombre, sad, or melancholy 
disposition. 

Triste, adj. sad, melancholy, 
dull, doleful. 

Tronco, subs.com.m. trunk, stock, 
a despicable, dUl person. 

Trono, subs.com.m. throne, roy- 
al seat. 

Tropel, subs.com.m. noise, hurry, 
bustle, confusion. 

Tropel, pron.coUec a crowd, a 
number of persons or things 
heaped or confused together. 

Trucha, subs: com. f. trout. 

Trueno, subs.com.m. thunder, 
report of fire arms. 

Tubo, subs.com.m. tube. 

Tumba, subs.com.f. tomb, sepul- 
chre. 

Tuyo -a, pron. posscs.o. or n.s. thy, 
thine. 

u. 

Ufano-a, subs.com. a proud or 

haughty person. 
Ufano-a, adj. proud, haughty, 

vain. 
U'no-a, adj.num. one, a, an. 
U'rna, subs. com f. urn, glass 

case. 
U'so, subs.com.m. usage, use, 

employment. 
U'til, adj. useful, advantageous. 

V. 

Vac a, sus.com.f. cow, veal, beef. 
Vacio-a, adj. empty,unoccupied, 

disengaged. 
Vago-a, su6s.com. vagabond, an 

uncultivated piece of ground. 



Vago-a, adj. vagrant, restless, 
uneasy, vague. 

Valde, subs.com.m. bucket,gratis. 

Valor, subs.com.m. valour, value^ 
income. 

Valle, subs.com.m. or /. valley, 
vale. 

Vando, subs.com.m. edict, law, 
party. 

Vano-a, subs.com. a vain, pre- 
sumptuous person. 

Vano-a, adj. vain, arrogant, 
empty, useless. 

Vario a, adj. various, changea- 
ble, vague, wild. 

Vaso, subs.com.ra. vessel, vase, 
receptacle, tumbler. 

Vasto-a, adj. vast, grand, huge. 

Veces, subs.com.m. office, pur- 
pose, station. 

Vega, subs.com.f. a plain, lawn, 
prairie. 

Vegez, subs.com.f. old age, de- 
cay, imbecility. 

Vej:'z, subs.com.f. old age, de- 
cay, imbecility. 

Veinte, adj.num. twenty. 

Velo, subs.com.m. veil, pretence, 
curtain. 

Velio, su'ic.com.m. down, (sof! 
hair,) wool. 

Vena, subs.com.m. vein, artery, 
bandage. 

Venal, adj. venial, venal,pardon- 
able. 

Verdad, subs.com.f. truth, reali- 
ty, maxim. 

Verde, mdj. green, youth, raw, 
untutored. 

Verso, subs.com.m. verse, versi- 
fication, a line of poetry. 



44 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



Viare, subs.com.m. voyage, jour- 
ney. 

Viittico, subs.com.m. viaticum, 
(the holy eucharist given or 
brought to sick person*.) 

Vfcio, subs.c07n.1n. vice, artifice, 
defect. 

Vida, subs.com.f. life, existence, 
livelihood. 

Vfdrio, su6s.com.mi glass,vessel, 
pane. 

Viejo, subs.com. an old. or infirm 
person. 

Vi-'jo-a, adj. old, antiquated, an- 

com.m. belly, womb, 

Vig6r, s»(bs.co»i.»i. vigour, force, 

energy. 
Vileza, subs.com.f. baseness, vile- 
nes«, m ft anno ss, 

■ •wn. 
vine. 
»/ vineyard, vine, 
Yirtud, 

ey, rectitude, habit. 

' , pros- 

5ttos.com/. sight, Ift&d* 

V{sto, part. seen. Proua Per, : • 



Visto-a, part.abs. being seen, be- 
held. 

Viuda. subs.com.f. widow. 

Viudo, subs.com.m. widower. 

Viva, subs.com.m. cheer. 

Viva, intrr. huzza. 

Vivo, subs com.m. edging, forte, 
(the most solid part, or great- 
est quality of any object. y 

VTvo-a, adj. alive, lively, brisk. 
acute, ingenious. 

Vdto, subs.com m. vow, vote, 
opinion, execration. 

Vuelo, subs cnn.m. flight, wing, 
(of an edifice ) ruffle, leap. 

Vuelta, svbs.comf. turn, repeti- 
tion, lashing, excursion. 

Vin"str>a, pron.prr.po. or n. 
your, yours. 

Vulgar, subs.eolUe.m, the vulgar. 

Vulgar, adj. common, vernacu- 
vulgar. 

Vulgo, suhs colkc po- 

pulace, generality of people. 

Y. 

Yedra, subs.com.f. ivy. 
Yelmo, subs.com.m. helmet. 

■.nbs.wn.f. herb, grass. 

z. 

sttOs.com.j 

b]e, 



LESSON III, 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Abajo, adv. under, underneath, 
below. 

Abasta* subs.com.m. supply,abun- 
dance, store. 

Abeja, subs.com f. a bee. 

Abierto-a, adj. open, free, sin- 
cere. 

Abierto, part, opened. From 
Jlbrir, to open. 

Abierto, part.abs. being opened. 

Abismo, subs.com.m. abyss, hell. 

Abono, subs.com.m. security,ma- 
nure, receipt. 

Abrojo, subs.com.m. bramble, 
briar, thorn. 

Abuela,sw&s.com./. grandmother. 

Abuelo, subs.com.m. grandfather. 

Abdso, subs.com.m. abuse, slan- 
der, ill-use. 

Acaso, subs com m. chance, ca- 
sualty, adventure, 

Acaso, adv. perhaps, it may be, 
by accident. 

Acento,subs.com.m accent, voice, 
lamentation. 

Acero, subs.com.m. steel, sword. 

Acierto, subscom.m. success, 
with effect. 

Activo-a, adj. active, diligent. 

Acuerdo," subs.com.m. decree, 
opinion, advice, consent. 

Aculla, adv. there, in that place. 



Ademas, prep, besides, inde^- 
pendently of. 

Adonis, subs.prop.m. Adonis, a 
fabulous god. 

Adorno, subs.com.m. ornament, 
decoration, furniture. 

Adriano, subs.prop.m. Adrianus, 
the loth emperor of Rome, 

AduJto, subs.com.m. adult. 

Adverso-a, adj. adverse, afflic- 
tive, opposite. 

Afecto, subs.com.m. affection, 
love, affect, pain. 

Afecto-a, udj. affectionate, in- 
clined. 

Afrenta, subs.com.f. affront, in- 
sult, dishonour, courage. 

Ageno-a, pron.indef. foreign, 
strange, belonging to others. 

Agrado, subs.com.m. affability, 
pleasing manners, will. 

Agravio, subs.com.m. offence, in- 
sult, injury. 

Agudo-a, adj acute, sharp-point- 
ed, dangerous. 

Agiiero, subs.com.m. augury, 
prognostication. 

A'guila, subs.com.f. eagle. 

Ahora, adv. now, this moment. 

Airado a, adj. angry, wrathful. 

Airoso-a, adj. graceful, airy, 
genteel. 

Aislado-a, adj. insulated, em- 
barrassed. 



\VOHDS OF mum syllables. 



Aj -fdo-a, adj. disfigured, injured. 

Albanitis, 

,a man's name, frequently 

I by poets. 

ide, sui*.cwttim. governor, 

V ot* a jail or any other 

place. 
Alegre, snhs.com.nt a lively, 

cheerful person. 
Alegre, adj. cheerful, lively, 
jrfa, suba.com/. joy. mirth, 

merriment. 

• <\...n bs.mm.m. pearis,dew, 

teeth. 
W^uo.'X^p on.indij. some, some- 
body. 
\13rta, silts com.m. Watch-word. 
Alerta. inter, be on the watch. 
yhaja, suos.com/. jewel, orna- 

mi it. 
AHadO»a, subs com m. ally, 
Aliado-a, <":/;. allied, federated, 
Alianza, suhs.tom.f, alliance, 

coalition, convention. 
Alibeg. subs.prop.m. Alibeg, a 

Moor of great integrity. 
Aliento, subscomm. breath, spi- 
rit, smell. 
Mrredor, suos.com.m. environ, 

circuit, 
\lt r za, subs.dom.f highness, title 

of honour given to persons in 

lofty stations. 
Altivo-a, sabs.com a haughty or 

proud person. 
Altivo-a, adj. haughty, proud. 
Alzado-a, adj. elevated, raised, 

- high. 

Mo, part, raised, lifted up. 
\mabie, adj. amiable, lovely. 

affection ate> 



!o-a, subs com. lover. 
Aunt! -a, adj. loved, beloved, 

esteemed. 
Amaao.part. loved. From Amar. 

to love. 
Amargo-a, adj. bitter, sour. 
Ambiridn sv.hs.com.m. ambition, 

honour, cgvetousness. 
A mrno-a,(u/j. shadow v, romantic. 
Amida, subs.pnp.f Amida, the 

name of an idol in J a ran. 
Amida, sw6s.cb>n m. An 

person who worships Amida. 
:. friend. 
Anngo-a, adj friendly. amicably, 
Amintns, subs.prop.m. Amintas, 

a personage in the anecdotes 

of Corpus. 
Amisiad subs com.m. friendship, 

amity. 
Amparo, zvhs.com.m. protection, 

favour, refuge, asylum. 
Anciano-a, subs com. an old, or 

infirm person. 
Anciano-a, adj. ancient, old, an- 
tiquated. 
Andado, part, gone, walked, 

marched. From dndar, to 

walk. 
Andanza,sn6 , ?.com./. occurrence, 

event,, fortune. 
Angustia, stt6s.com/* grief, afflic- 
tion, anguish. 
Anibal, sub:.prop.m. Anibal, a 

great warrior of antiquity. 
Animal, stibs, com.m. I animal, 

beast. 
Animal, adj. beastly, brutish, 

cruel. 
A'nimo, sfc6s.com. m> soul, epu» 

rage, mind. 






WORDS OF THREK SYLLABLES. 



47 



Antfguo-a, adj. ancient, anti- 
quated, old. 
An tojos,sit&s.ccm.;p.m. spectacles, 

eye-ilaps. 
Antonio, subs prop. m. Anthony, 

a man's name. 

Anzuelo, subs.com.m. fish-hook, 

allurement, a keen, sharp 

person. 

Apenas, adv. searcely,no.sooner. 

Aplauso, iti5s.com.rn. applause, 

approbation. 
Apolo, ?,ubsprop.m. Apollo, a fa- 
bulous deity. 
Apostol, subs.com.m. apostle, 

missionary. 
iprecio, subs.com.m. value, ap- 
praisement, esteem. 
Apriesa, adv. swiftly, promptly, 

in haste, in a hurry. . 
Aprieto. subs.com.m. crowd, pre- 
dicament, conflict, 
Apuntar, subs.com.m. the act of 

aiming, appearing, peeping, 
Aquello-a, proh.dem neut.o. or n. 

that, that which. 
Arado, subs.com.m. a piece of 

ground ploughed, .a plough. 
Arado-a, adj. ploughed. 
Arado, part, ploughed. From 

drar, to plough. 
Aragon, subs.prop.m. Arragon, a 

province of Spain. 
Arbitrio, subs, comrn* recourse, 

free-will, mjans. 
A'rbitro, subs.com m. umpire, 

arbitrator. 
A'rbitro-a, adj. despotic, arbi- 
trary. - 
Arcangel,sM.fo.com.?n. archangel. 
Arcano, subs.com.m, secret, ar- 
cana. 



Ardiente, adj. hot, boiling, ar- 
dent, passionate. 

Arduidad, subs.com.m. difficulty, 
perplexity. 

Arena, subs.com.f. sand. 

Arenga, subs.com.f speech, ora- 
tion, harangue. 

Aristio, subs. prop. m. Aristio, a 
sophist of Athens, and also a 

. man's name. 

Armado-a, part.adjec. armed. 

Armenia, subs.com.f. harmony, 

Aroma, stubs com./, odour, aro- 
matic flower, all sorts of 
gums, or balsams. 

Arriba, adv. abo?e 3 more than. 

Arroyo, subs.ccm.m. rivulet, 
creek, stream. 

Asalto, subs.com.m. assault, sud- 
den passion. 

Asiento, subs.com.m. chair, seat, 
entry. 

Asombro, subs.com.m. astonish- 
ment, dread, amazement. 

A'spero-a, adj. harsh, severe, 
rugged. 

Astucia, suhs.com.m. acuteness., 
slyness, cunningness. 

Asturias, subs prop.f.p. Asturias, 
a principality in the north of 
Spain. 
Astuto-a, subs.com. an acute, sly 

person. 
Astuto-a, adj. sly, acute, cun- 
ning, crafty, 
Asuuto, subs.com.m. affair, busi- 
ness, transaction. 
Atencion, subs.com.f. attention., 

civility. 
A'tento-a, adj. attentive, polite, 
A'tico-a, subs.com.m. Attick, 
Greek, poignant. 



48 WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Avaro-a, subs.com a miser 
Audacia, sub.com.f. audacity, 

boldness, 
Audicnoia, subs.com.m. audience, 

chamber or court of oyer and 

terminer. 
Augusto, subs prop. m. Augustus 

Caesar, the second emperor 

of Rome. 
Augusto-a, adj. august, great. . 
Aume.nto, subs.com.m. increase, 

enlargement, augmentation. 
Aurora, subs.pron.f. Aurora, a 

fabulous deity. 
Aurora, subs comf the dawn. 
Ausencia, subs.com/. absence, 

separation. 
Ausente, subs.com.m. absent, a 

person separated from some 

place or thing. 
Ausente, adj. absent, separated. 
Ausiliar, subs.com.m. auxiliary, 

help, aid. 
Austero-a, adj. austere, rigid, 

stern. 
Ayuda, subs.comf. help, assis- 
tance, aid. 
Ayuno, subs.com.m. fast, absti- 
nence. 
Azote, subs.com.m. whip, lash, 

scourge, calamity. 
Azufiv, subs.com.m. brimstone, 

sulphur. 

B. 

Bachiller, subs.com.m. bachelor, 
(one who has obtained the 
first degree in a university.) 

Bachiller, adj. querulous, loqua- 
cious, babbler. 



Bageza, subs.comf vileness, 
baseness. 

Balsamo, subs.com.m. balm. 

Banado-a, part adj. btthed, wet. 

Barbaric, subs com.f. rusticity, 
incivility, roughness. 

Barbaro-a, subs.com. a tyrant, a 
cruel person. 

Barbaro-a, adj. barbarous,cruel, 
rash, beastly. 

Bastante. adv. enough, sufficient. 

Basano, subs.prop.m. Basania, in 
the Trevasan, a province of 
upper Italy. 

BatalJa, subs.com.f. battle, fight, 
struggle. 

Bayeta, subs. com.f. bays. 

Beatitild, subs.comf. beatitude, 
a title given to the pope. 

Beb'no, subs.com.m. hen-bane. 

Bplico-a, adj vvar'ike, military. 

Belleza, subs com f. beauty, de- 
coration. 

Bendito-a, subs.com. saint, ce- 
lestial inhabitant. 

Bendito-a, adj. blessed. 

BenTgno-a, adj. benign,gracious, 
mild. 

Bienhechor-a, subs com. bene- 
factor, benefactress. 

Bigotes, subs.com.m p. musta- 
chioes, ( hair unshaven on the 
upper lip.) 

Bizarro-a, subs.com. a gallant 

person. 
Bizi'-ro-a, adj. gallant, high- 
spirited. 
Blancura, subs.comf. whiteness, 

a white spot on the eye. 
Blasfemo-a, subs.com. a blasphe- 
mous person. 






WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



49 



Blasfemo-a, adj. blasphemous. 
Blasdnes, subs.com.m.p. honour, 

glory, laurels. 
Bodega, subs.com f. store-house, 

wine-vault. 
Bolsiilo, suhs.ccm.m. purse, 

pocket 
Borbotdn, subs.com.m- ebullition. 
Borgdna, subs.prop.f. Burgundy, 

a duchy, formerly belonging 

to France. 
Borrasea, subs. com/ tempest, 

storm, danger. 
Botella, subs. com./, bottle, glass 

vessel. 
B6vpdSiMi-bs.com f. vault,eavern. 
Bracraanes, subs com.p.m. Brac- 

mar.s, or Brahmen, a supersti- 
tious and fanatic people in 

India. 
Bra mi do, mbs.eofn.m. shout, 

tempestuous roaring, clash. 
Brer ■'■ . eom-f. brevity, 



Brcv: 



h- 



viary, 



a book which contains the 
service of the church of 
Rome. 

Brocado, subs.com.m. brocade. 
a, adj. embroidered, 

like brocade 

Burlad6r,Ju?)s.co})i.m.w3g,jester- 

a. 

CabaRero, suhs.com.m, gentle* 

an. knight. 
! iaballo, subs.com.m. horse. 
Cabello, subs.com.m. hair. 
Cabeza, subs.com.f head, talents, 
a parson, a commander, 



Cabida, subs.com.f. place, know- 
ledge of a thing. 

Cadalso, subs.prop,m. Cadalso, 
an eminent Spanish writer. 

Cadalso, subs.com.m. scaffold, 
gibbet. 

Cadaver, subs.com.m. corpse, a 
dead body. 

Cadena, subs.com.f. chain, con- 
catenation. 

Caiado, subs.com.m. shepherds 
hook. 

C alder on. subs.pr op. m. Calderon, 
an eminent Spanish drama- 
tist. 

Caleza, subs.com.f. carriage, 
coach. 

Calidad, subs.com f. quality. term. 

C%}}a.do-&,part.subUan. a reserv- 
ed, silent person. 

Cailado, part, concealed, hush- 
ed. From Collar, to hush. 

Camara, sxths.com.f. chamber, 
room, hall. 

Camfno, subs.com.m. road, way, 
path. 

Oamisa, subs.com.f. shirt, linen. 

Campaual, subs. v. op.m. Campa- 
nal, a personage, in Gil Bias. 

Campina, subs.com.f. neld, cam- 
paign. 

Cananea, subs. prop. f. Canaan, or 
Judea, a country in Asia. 

Candido-a, adj. candid, frank, 
ingenuous. 

Canela, subs.com.f. cinnamon. 

Caridso-a adj. hoary, frosty. 

Cansado-a, part.subslau. a tire- 
some person. 

Cansado, part: fatigued, tired. 
From Cmisar, to tire. 



50 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Cansancio, subs com m. fatigue, 

weariness, lassitude. 
Cantabria, subs prop. f. Canta- 

bria, or Biscay, a province, 

of Spain. 
Cantares, subs.com.m.p. lays, 

songs. 
Cantaro, subs.com.m. pitcher. 
Cantidad, subs.oomf. quantity, 

sum. 
Cap^to, subs.prop m Capet, a 

French warrior. 
Capitan, subs.com.m captain, 

commander in chief, ring- 
leader. 
Capuilo, subs.com.m. bud, gem, 

pod. 
Caracter, subs.com m. character, 

disposition, letter. 
Cardenal. subs.com m. cardinal, 

(an eminent dignitary of the 

catholic church.) 
Cardcno-a, adj. dark, purple 

colour. 
Cainarin, stibs com.m. cabin, 

pla^e behind an altar. 
Careta, svbs.com f. mask, wire 

cover. 
Cargador, subs.com.m. freighter, 

be that loads ay thing. 
Caridad, subs.com.f. charity, 

kindness, alms. 
Carmo, subs com.m fondness, 

tenderness, love, kindness. 
Carrera, subs.com.f. course, race, 

ground, high-road, career. 
Carreta, subs.com.f. cart, wagon. 
Casado-a, adj. married, taken 

up with. 
Casado, part, married. From 

Gusar, to marry. 



Castigo,su6?.cowi.m. punishment, 
chastisement. 

Castllla, subs.prop f. Castile, a 
province of Spain. 

Castillo, subs.com.rn. castle. 

Catorce. adj.mim. fourteen. 

Caudillo, subs com m. ring-lead- 
er, commander, officer. 

Caverna, suls.com f cavern,grot- 
to. 

Causante, subs com.m. cause, (he 
who causes,) he who gives a 
right to another. 

Cautivo, subs.com.m. captive, 
slave. 

Cayado, subs.com.m shepherd's 
hook, crosier. 

CeboMa subs.com.f. onion. 

Cedklo, part, granted, ceded. 
From Ceder, to grant. 

Cedul a, subs.com.f ballot, ticket^ 
card. 

Cefiro, subs com.m. zephyr, (soft 
winds.) 

Ceguera, subs.com.m. blindness, 
hallucination. 

Celebro. subs.com m. brain,sense # 
genius. 

Celeste, adj. blue, azure, sky- 
colour. 

Celestial, adj. celestial, heavenly. 

Cenado, part, supped. From 
Cenar, to sup. 

Ceniza.' subs comf. ashes, dust. 

Ceiiido-a, adj. circumscribed, 
surrounded, limited, girdled. 

Cemdo, part, surrounded, en- 
vironed. From Ceinr, to sur- 
round. 

Genklor, subs com.m. belt, girdle. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



51 



Cercano, prep, near, approach- 
ing. 

Cerrado, adj. shut, concealed. 

Cerrado, part, shut, concealed. 
From Cerrai , to shut, 

Cervato, subs.com.m. a little 
or young deer. 

Cervantes, subs prop.m. Cervan- 
tes, the most renowned Spa- 
nish novelist, and a very emi- 
nent dramatist. 

Chalupa,sufc< .com.f. cutter,sloop. 

Chanciller, sxkb.comm. chancel- 
lor. 

Chinchilla, subsprop rn Chin- 
chilla, a fictitious character, 
in Gil Bias, by father Isla. 

Chi; .gala,si/&s. com rn. Chingalee, 
a native if India. * 

Chistoso, subs.com. a witty, jo- 
vial person. 

Chistoso-a, adj. witty, graceful, 
joking. 

Ciberia, subsprop.f Siberia, a 
country in Asia. 

Cicatrix, subs. com. f. cicatrix, 
scar. 

Ciceron, subs.prop.m. Cicero, a 
very great Roman orator. 

Cincuenta, adj num. fifty. 

Cipreses, subs com m p. a num- 
ber of cypress trees. 

Cirena, subs.com f. syren, a fa- 
bulous fish. 

Cirene, subsprop.f. Cyrene, a 
part of Lybia, in Africa, near 
Egypt. 

Citad6r,su6s.com.m.citer,quoter. 

Claridad, subs.com.f. clearness, 
light, perspicuity. 



Clemencia, subs.com.f. clemen- 
cy, mercy. 

Clemente, subs.com.m. merciful, 
clement. 

Codicia, subs.comf. covetous- 
ness, cupidity, greediness. 

Cogida, subs.comf. asylum, pro- 
tection, roof. 

Colector, subs.com m. collector, 
tax-gaiherer. 

Colera, subs com f. anger,choler, 
bile. 

Colina, subs.ccmf. hill, emi- 
nence. 

Colmillo, subs.com.m. grinder, 
(back tooth,) tusk. 

Celo | io, subs.edm.rn. coloquy,, 
conversa n. 

Columna, subs.com.m. column, 
support, prop. 

Collides, subs.com.m.p. hills, and 
valleys. 

Comedia, subs.com.f. play, co- 
medy. 

Comercio, subs.com.m. com- 
merce, trade, intercourse 

C6inico-a,su&s.eo?n. player,actor. 

C6mico-a, adj. comic. 

Comido, part, dined, eaten. 
From Comer, to eat. 

Comision, subs.e0m.f-. commis- 
sion, trust, committee. 

Compania, subs.com.f. company, 
partnership. 

Gompasien, subs.comf. compas- 
sion, commiseration, pity. 

Complice, subs.com.m. accom- 
plice, associate, person con- 
cerned. 

Comprado, part, bought, betray- 
ed. From Comprar, to buy. 



52 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Compuesto-a, adj. composed, 
written. 

Compuesto, part, composed, 
written. From Commoner, to 
write. 

Cdncavo, sub: .com.m. concavity. 

-Concavo-a, udj. concave, hollow. 

Concepto, mbs.com.m,. concep- 
tion, thought, idea. 

Conciencia, subs.com.f. consci- 
ence. 

ConciertOj subs.com.m. concert, 
agreement, arrangement. 

Concordia, svbs.com.f. concord, 
tranquility, peace. 

Coneurso,sut'S.com.?».ccncourse, 
club, party. 

Concusidn, svbs.com.f. concus- 
sion, abuse of power. 

Condicidn, suhs.com.f. condi- 
tion, situation, state. 

Conecsion, svbs.com.f. connex- 
ion, relation, regard. 

Confesor, subs.com,m. confessor, 
owner. 

Condado-a, part.subslan. a pre- 
sumptuous, confident person. 

Confiado-a, udj, presumptuous, 
confide,:'. 

Con£ado, part, relied, trusted. 
From Conj-ar, to rely on. 

Conftanza,si<&s.co.'n./.confidence. 

Ccnfiicto, svbs.ccm.m. conflict, 
hazard, perilous situation. 

Confuso-a, adj. confused, con- 
founded, perplexed. 

Congoja, tubecomf. anguish, 
dismay, anxiety of mind. 

Conjiiro, subs.com.m. conjurer, 
he that uses charms or iecan- 
tations. 



Conmigo, prep, and pron. with 
me. 

Conquista, subs.com.f. conquest, 
subjugation. 

Consejo, subs.com.m. advice, 
couiisel. 

Consigo, prep, and pron. with 
you, with him. 

Consorfe, subs.com.m. consort, 
partner, h.isband, or wife. 

Constancia, subs.com.f. constan- 
cy, immutability. 

Constante, s.bs. com.m. constant, 
firm, unalterable person. 

Constante, u.j. constant, steady. 

Construcoon, subs.com.f. con- 
struction, sense. 

Consuelo, suls.com.m. consola- 
tion, relief, comfort. 

Consulta, subs.com.f. consulta- 
tion, advice. 

Contagio, subs.com.m. contagion, 
corruption. 

Contcnto, subs.com.m. content- 
ment, joy. 

Contento-a, adj. moderate, tem- 
perate, satisfied. 

Coijiigo, prep, and pron. with 
thee. 

Contiguo-a, adj. contiguous, ad- 
joining. 

Continuo-a. adj. continual, con- 
tinuous. 

Contdri o, subs.com.m. environ, 
outline. 

Contrario-a, sw6s.com. opponent, 
enemy. 

Contrario-a, adj. contrary, op- 
posed. 

Con vile, subs.c0m.7n. invitation, 
feast. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



53 



Corage, sitfts.com.m. valour, cou- 
rage, fortitude. 

Corazon, subs.com.m. heart, spi- 
rit, will j soul. 

Cordoves, subs.com.m. Cordovi- 
an, a' native of Cordova, a 
city in Spain. 

Corinto, subs.prop.m. Corinth, 
an ancient city in Greece. 

Corinto-a, adj. Corinthian, an 
order of architecture. 

Cornelio, subs.prop.m. Cornelius, 
a man's name. 

Corona, subs.com.f crown, end, 
summit. 

Corrillo, subs com.m. company, 
(an assemblage of persons,) 
party, assembly, circle. 

Cortesfa, subspropf. curtesy, 
bow, compliment, gift. 

Corteza, subs.com-f. rind, peal, 
cover, bark. 

Cosecha, subs.com.f. crops, har- 
vest, collection. 

Costumbre, subs.com.m. custom, 
manners, habit. 

Cotejo, subs.com.m. comparison, 
parallel. 

Covarde, subs.com. a coward, a 
pusillanimous person. 

Covarde, adj coward,cowardly, 
pusillanimous. 

Coyuuda, subs.com.f. yoke, rope, 
matrimonial union, tie. 

Crecido-a, adj. grown, increas- 
1 ed, large. 

Crecido-a, part, grown. From 
Crecer, to grow. 

Credito, subs.com.m. credit, re- 
putation, belief, note, esteem. 




Credulo, subs.com.m. a credu- 
lous person, simpleton. 

Credulo, adj credulous. 

Creencia, subs.com.f. belief, 
faith. 

Crianza, subs.com f manners, 
breeding. 

Criatura, subs.com.f. creature, 
fetus. 

Criminal, subs.com.m. criminal, 
culprit. 

Criminal, adj. criminal. 

Cristiano, subs.com.m. christian. 

Cristiano-a, adj. christian. 

Cristobal, subs.prop.m, Christo- 
pher, a man's name. 

Critiio, subs.prop.m. Critilus, a 
fictitious character in the 
works of Gracian. 

Crueldad, subs.com.f cruelty. 

Cualquiera, pron.indef any one, 
any body. 

Cuarenta, adj.num. forty. 

Cubierta, subs.com.f. cover, pre- 
tence, integument. 

Cuidado, subs.com.m. care, anx- 
iety. 

Culpable, subs.com.m. culpable, 
blameable. 

Cumplido-a, adj. polished, civil, 
gifted. 

Cumplido, part fulfilled. Fiym 
Cumplir, to fulfil. 

Cupido, subs.prop.m. Cupid, a 
fabulous deity. 

Curado-a, adj. cured, healed. 

Curado, part cured. From Cw° 
rar, to cure. 

Curioso-a, suhs.com. a curious, 
strange person. 



34 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABBES. 



Curioso, adj. curious, strange, 
neat, careful. 

D. 

Dadiva, subs.com.f. gift, grant, 
boon. 

Debajo, prep, under, below. 

Debido-a, adj. due, owed. 

Debido, part. owed. From De- 
ber, to owe. 

Decaido-a, adj. decayed, fallen. 

Decaido, part, decayed, fallen. 
From Decaer, to decay. 

Decencia, subs.com.f. decency, 
honesty, modesty. 

Decente, adj. decent, modest, 
honest. 

Decinio-a, adj.num. tenth. 

Decision, subs.com.f. decision, 
resolution, disposition. 

Defecto, subs.com.m. defect, er- 
ror, mistake. 

Defensa, subs.com.f. defence, 
shelter. 

Defensor, subs.com.m. defender, 
protector, lawyer, 

Dejado-a, part.substan. a forget- 
ful, indolent, or sloven per- 
son. 

Dejado, part, left, yielded, omit- 
ted. From Dejar, to leave. 

D%lante, adv. before, the fore- 
part. 

Deleite, subs.com.m. delight, 
pleasure. 

Delicia, subs.com.f. delight, com- 
fort, satisfaction. 

Delirio, subs.com.m. delirium, 
rant, idle talk. 

Delito, subs.com m. crime, trans- 
gression, offence. 



Derecho, subs.com.m right, law 
duty. 

Derecho, adj. straight, just, law- 
ful. 

Derredor, subs.com.m. circuit, 
circumference. 

Desaire, subs.com.m. a slight, 
disdain, scorn. 

Descanso, subs.com.m. repose, 
relaxation, rest, tranquility. 

Desdicha, subs com f misfor- 
tune, unhappiness. 

Desdoro, svbs.com m. dishonour, 
treason, blemish. 

Deseado-a, adj. desired, wished, 
longed for. 

Deseado, part, desired. From 
Desear, to desire. 

Deseoso-a, adj. desirous, anxi- 
ous, solicitous. 

Deseoso-a, part.abso. being anx- 
ious, solicitous. 

Desgracia, subs.com.f. misfor- 
tune, infelicity, adversity. 

Desk'rto, subs.com.m. desert, 
wilderness. 

Designio, subs.com.m. design, in- 
tention, sinister scheme. 

Desnudo, adj. naked, bare, un- 
covered. 

Desdrden, subs.com.m. disorder, 
disturbance, confusion. 

Despierto-a, adj. awake, vigi- 
lant, brisk. 

Despierto, part, awake. From 
Dcspertar, to awaken. 

Despojo, subs.com.m. spoil, spo- 
liation. 

Desprecio,st/6s.cowi.m. contempt, 
scorn, disregard. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



55 



Destino, subs.com.m. destiny, 
doom, fate, lot, destination. 

Destreza, subs. com/, dexterity, 
address, skiiJ. 

Destruccion, subs.cdm-f. destruc- 
tion, ruin, devastation. 

Desvano, subs.com.m delirium, 
extravagant speeeh, non- 
sense. 

Desveio, stcbs.com m. exertion, 
attention, effort, privation of 
sleep. 

Diamante, tubs.com m. diamond, 
a precious gem, something 
extraordinarily brilliant. 

Dichoso-a, adj. happy, felicitous, 
fortunate, prosperous. 

Dictado-a, adj. dictated, actu- 
ated; commanded. 

Dictado, part, dictated, ordered. 
From Dlctar, to dictate. 

Diestro-a, adj. dextrous, saga- 
cious, right, not left. 

Difunto-a, subs.com. defunct, 
deceased, late person. 

Difunto, adj. deceased. 

Dignado, part, deigned, been 
pleased. From Dignar, to 
deign. 

Dignidad, subs.com.m. dignity, 
advancement, preferment. 

Dilacidn, subs. com./, delay, pro- 
crastination, dilation. 

Dinero, subs.com.m. money, 
wealth. 

Diogenes, subs.prop.m. Diogenes, 
a cynick-of antiquity. 

D\otiic\o,siibs.prop m. Dionysius, 
a renowned Roman general. 



Director, subs.com.m. director, 
president, confessor, ruler. 

Discordia, subs.com.f. discord, 
opposition. 

Discreto-a, adj. discreet, judi- 
cious, prudent, sharp. 

Discdrso, subsccm.m discourse, 
reason, the faculty of speech. 

Disf6rme,af?j.disfigured, deform- 
ed, huge. 

Distante, p^.-dtstant, remote. 

Distraido a, adj. distracted, in- 
attentive, absent. 

Diversion, subs.com f diversion, 
amusement. 

Diviuo-a, adj. divine, celestial, 
supremely good. 

Division, sub.i.ccm.f. division, 
diversity, hyphen. 

Dobieces, subs comfp. dissimu- 
lation, craftiness, malice. 

Doctnna, subs. com./, doctrine, 
science. 

Doliente subs.com.m. sick per- 
son, patient. 

Donaire, subs.com.m. grace, ele- 
gance, witty saying. 

Doncella, subs.com.f. young lady, 
virgin, damsel, maid. 

Dorado-a, adj. gilt, golden. 

Dotado-a, adj. gifted, endowed, 
settled upon. 

Ducado, subs.com.m. ducat, a 
coin. 

Dulzura, subs.com.f. sweet, 
sweetness, softness, mildness. 

Duracidn, subs.com.f. duration, 
continuance. 

Dureza, subs.com.f. hardness, 
obstinacy, tumour, roughness. 



56 



WORDS OF THREE S\LLABLES. 



E. 

Echado-a, part.adjec. thrown, 
cast, imputed. 

Echado, part, thrown, cast. 
From Echar, to throw. 

Ecsamen, subs.com.m. examina- 
tion, trial, investigation. 

£csacto-a, subs.com.m. exact, 
punctual, assiduou . 

E'esito, subs.com.m. issue, suc- 
cess, end. 

Efecto, subs.com.m. effect, pur- 
pose, goods. 

Eficaz, adj. efficacious, active, 
powerful. 

Egemplo, subs.com.m. example, 
model, precedent. 

E'gloga, subs. com. f. eclogue, a 
pastoral dialogue. 

Elisio, subs prop m Elisio, a 
character in ihe novels of 
Cervantes, and a man's name. 

Embargo, subs.com.m. embargo, 
sequestration, seizure. 

Empeno, subs.com.m. contract, 
boldness, great desire, influ- 
ential intercessor. 

Empero, conj but, yet, however. 

Empleado, subs.com.m. officer, 
authority, person in public 
office. 

Empresa, subs. com./, undertak- 
ing, attempt. 

Enano-a, subs.com. dwarf, (a 
person of extreme diminu- 
tive stature.) 

Encienso, subs.ccm.m. incense, 
flattery. 

Encina, subs.com.f. oak. 



Encuentro, sit5s.com.rn. meeting 
(the act of encountering any 
one,) knock. 

Enfermo-a, subs.com. sick per- 
son, patient 

Engailo, subs.ccm.m. deceit, im- 
position. 

Enigma, subs.com f. enigma, (a 
riddle,) a question put in un- 
intelligible language. 

Enjambre, subs.collecf. swarm, 
crowd. 

Enjuto-a, part.adjec. dried up, 
dry. 

Enojo, subs.com.m. irritation, 
offence, fretfulness. 

Entero-a, adj. entire, whole, 
complete. 

Entonces, adv. then, at that time. 

Entrada, subs.com.f. entrance, 
entry, admission. 

Entranas, subs.com.f. p. bowels, 
intestines. 

Enviado-a, subs.com. envoy. 

En viado, part, sent, transmitted. 
From Enviar, to send. 

Envidia, subs.com.f. envy, emu- 
lation, jealousy. 

Envite, subs com. m. invitation. 

Erario, subs.com.m. exchequer, 
royai coffers. 

Escamas, sw&s.com./.;). scales, (of 
a fish.) 

Escarcha, subs.com.f. a frost. 

Escaso-a, adj. scarce, limited, 
scanty. 

Escena, subs.comf. scene, stage, 
vicissitude. 

Escipidn, subs.prop.m. Scipio, a 
great general of antiquity. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



57 



Esclavo-a, subs.com. a s 7 ave, 
captive. 

Esclavo-a, adj. slave, captive. 

Escluido-a, adj. excluded, de- 
barred. 

Escluido, part, excluded. From 
Escluir, to exclude. 

Escrito, subs.com.m. writing, 
composition. 

Escnto-a, adj. written, compos- 
ed. 

Escritor, subs.com.m. writer, au- 
thor. 

Escuela, subs.com.f school, in- 
struction, system, university. 

Escursion, subs.com f. excursion. 

Esencia, subs.com.f. essence, ex- 
istence, quintessence. 

Esfuerzo, subs.com.m. effort, 
courage, spirit, confidence. 

Espacio, subs.com.m. space, pe- 
riod, interval. 

Espada, subs.com.f. sword, steel. 

Espaida, subs.com m. shoulder. 

Espaldas, subs.comfp. back. 

Espanto, subs.com.m- dread, 
amazement, fright, conster- 
nation. 

Espana, subs.propf. Spain, a 
country in Europe. 

Espanol, subs.com.m. the Spanish 
language, a Spaniard. 

Espanol, adj. Spanish, (relating 
to Spain, or to the Spaniards.) 

Especial, adj. special, particular. 

Especie, subs.comf. kind, spe- 
cies. 

Esp?jo,su6s.com.m.looking-glass, 
mirror, model. 

Espeso-a, adj. thick, condensed, 
close 

6* 



Espina, subs.com.f. brier, thorn., 

Espino, subs.com.m. thorn, buck- 
thorn. 

Esplendor, subs.com.m. splen- 
dour,magnificence, grandeur. 

Esposa, subs.com.f. spouse, wife. 

Espdso, sw6s.com.rn. spouse, hus- 
band. 

Espresion, subs.com.f. expres- 
sion, word. 

Espreso, subs.com.m. messenger, 
express. 

Espreso-a, adj. expressed, not 
understood, clear, manifest. 

Espuma, subs.comf. froth, foam. 

Estaca, subs.com.f. stake, stick, 
cudgel. 

Estado, subs.com.m. state, situa- 
tion, rank, commonwealth. 

Estanque, subs.com.m. pond, mo- 
nopoly, (house where mono- 
polized goods are sold,) cus- 
tom-house. 

Estatua, subs.com.f. statue, a stu- 
pid person. 

Estension, subs.com.m. exten- 
sion, expatiatipn. 

Esteril, adj. barren, unfruitful. 

Esterior, subs.com m exterior^ 
outward appearance. 

Esterior, adj. exterior, external. 

Estflo, subs.com.m style, diction, 
manner, mode. 

Estinoion, subs.com.m. extinc- 
tion, destruction. 

Estopa, subs.com.f. tow, oakum, 
coarse cloth. 

Estrada, subs.vrop.f. Estrada, a 
Spanish heroine. 

EstraiIo-a ; sw6s.com. a foreigner^ 



58 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Estrano, adj. foreign, strange, 
curious. 

Estrecho-a, subs.com.vi. strait, (a 
narrow passage,) danger. 

Estrecho-a, adj. narrow, inti- 
mate, familiar, indigent. 

Estremo, subs com.m. extreme, 
highest degree. 

Estudio, suls.com.m. study, cal- 
culation, application. 

Eterno, subs.prop.m. the eternal 
God. 

Eterno-a, adj. eternal, durable, 
endless. 

Europa, subs.prop.f. Europe, one 
of the four parts into which 
the world is divided. 

F. 

Facultad, subs.com.f. faculty, 
power, force, resistance. 

Fajardo, subs.prop.m. Fajardo, 
the second surname of an 
eminent Spanish writer. 

Falsedad, subs.com.f. falsehood, 
deceit. 

Familia, subs.com.f. family, 
house. 

Famoso-a, adj. famous, renown- 
ed, noted. 

Fantasia, subs.com.f. fancy, ima- 
gination, vanity. 

Fantasma, subs.com.f. phantom, 
speetre, a presumptuous per- 
son. 

Fatiga, subs.com.f. fatigue, wea- 
riness, toil. 

Fecundo-a, adj. fertile, fecund, 
prolific. 

Felice, adj. happy, successful, 
felicitous. 



Felipe, subs prop. m. Philip, a 
man's name. 

Fenicio, subs.co^n.m. Phenician, 
a native of Phenice, a pro- 
vince in Syria. 

Fernando, subs.prop.m. Ferdi- 
nand, a man's name. 

Ferviente, adj. fervent, ardent, 
burning. 

Festivo-a, adj. festive, gay, mer- 
ry, lively. 

Finitn-a, adj. finite, terminable, 
bounded. 

Firmado-a, adj. signed, sub- 
scribed. 

Flamenco-a,su&s com a Flemish, 
or native of Flanders. 

Flamenco-a, adj. Flemish. 

Flaminia, adj. Flaminia, the 
name of an avenue at Rome." 

Flecsible, adj. flexible, docile. 

Flogedad, subs.com.m. weakness, 
foible, laziness. 

Florencia, subs.prop.f. Florence. 
a town in Italy. 

Formado-a, adj. formed,fashion- 
ed, completed, accustomed. 

Fortuna, subs.com.f fortune, suc- 
cess. 

Forzado-a, adj. forced, obliged, 
ravished. 

Fragmento, stt6s.cwn.rn. frag- 
ment, vestige, sign. 

Fragdso-a, adj. rough, uneven, 
odorous. 

Francesa, subs.com f a French 
lady. 

.Francisco, subs.prop.m. Francis, 
a man's name. 

Frescura, subs.com.f. coolness, 
freshness, amenity. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 59 



Frontera, svhs.com f frontier, 
confine. 

Fruncido-a, adj. frizzled, corru- 
gated, or wrinkled. 

Fulgente, adj. refulgent, radi- 
ant, brilliant. 

Fundado-a, adj. grounded, foun- 
ded. 

Furidso-a, subs.com. a furious, 
violent, or frantick person. 

Futuro, subs.com.m. the future, 
future tense. 

G. 

Galana, subs.com.f. fine, well 
dressed, woman, or swain. 

Galatea, subs.propf. Galathea, a 
woman's name; it is also fre- 
quently used for the name of 
fictitious characters in novels. 

Galera, subs.com.f. galleys, peni- 
tentiary. 

Gallardo-a, adj. gallant, brave, 
famous. 

Gallina, subs.com.f. chicken, 
coward. 

Ganado-a, adj. gained, brought 
over, conquered. 

Ganado, part, gained, won. 
From Ganar, to gain. 

Ganados, subs.com.m p. sheep, 
cattle. 

Gaiidte, subs.com.m. wind-pipe, 
throat, glottis. 

Garganta, subs.com.f. gullet, 
throat, defile. 

Gastillo, sw6s.com.rn a small ex- 
pense, a dim of g-asfo, expense. 

Gaudeamus, subs.com.m. feast, 
entertainment. 



General, subs.com.m. general, 

chief, commander. 
Generos, subs.com.m.p. goods, 

effects, merchandize. 
Genova, subs prop. f Genoa, a 
city in Italy, and the capital 
of a Sardinian state, distin- 
guished by the same appella- 
tion of Genoa. 

Geograffa,sw6s.c0m./. geography, 
(the science which treats of 
the terraqueous globe.) 

Gerona, subs.prop.f. Gerona, a 
town of the province ef Cata- 
lonia, in Spain. 

Gigante, subs.com.m. giant, (an 
uncommonly large person,) 
an individual of extraordina- 
ry talents. 

Gigante, adj. gigantic. 

Gitano-a, subs.com. gipsey, (a 
vagabond pretending to fore- 
tell future events,) a cunning 
person. 

Gloricta, subs.com.f. summer- 
house, bower. 

Gobierno, subs.com.m. govern- 
ment, established state of le- 
gal authority. 

Goioso-a, subs.com. a gluttonous 
person, or epicure. 

Gdtico-a, adj. gothic, illustrious, 
noble. 

Gozado, part, enjoyed, rejoiced. 
From Gozar, to enjoy. 

Gozado-a, part.abso. being en* 
joyed. 

Gozoso, adj. joyful, cheerful, 
content. 



60 



WORDS OF THKE" SYLLABLES, 



Gracioso-a, subs.ccm. merry 
andrew, harlequin, actor who 
plays the comic parts. 

Gracio ; o-a, adj. graceful, ac- 
complished, facetious, bene- 
volent. 

Granada, subs -prop/. Granada, 
a city of Spain. 

Granada, subs.comf hand-gra- 
nade, (a small ball filled with 
powder.) pomegranate, (a 
fruit. 

Grandoza, subs.ccmf. greatness, 
grandeur, preeminence. 

Granero, sub'.c&m.m. granary, 
fruitful country. 

Gratitud, subs.comf. gratitude, 
thankfulness. 

Gravedad, subs.comf. gravity, 
seriousness, dignity, pride. 

Gregueria, subs.comf confused 
noise, outcries, bustle. 

G'osero-a, adj. rough, uncour- 
teous, coarse, rude, unpolish- 
ed. 

Guardado, part, kept, guarded, 
protected. From Guardar, to 
keep. 

G'-iardado-a, part abso. being 
kept, guarded, protected. 

Guard ia, subs.ccmf. guard, 
watch. 

Guarnacha, subs.propf Guarna- 
cha, a personage in the works 
of Cervantes. In this charac- 
ter he has relation to the pe- 
culiar qualities which charac- 
terize the persons where Gu- 
arnacha was born. 

Guarnicion, subs.coin.f. garrison, 
ornament, flounce, trimming. 



Guirhalda, subs.comf. wreath. 
laurel, myrtle. 

H. 

Habido, part. had. From Haber. 
to have. 

Habido-a, part.adjec. had, pos- 
sessed. 

ITibilO;.si(6s com m. custom, man- 
ner, habit, dress, costume. 

Hablado-a,»art..5u&sfrm. speaker. 

Hab'ado, part, spoken, said. 
From Hablar, to speak. 

Hablador,sii6s.-com.babbler,talk- 
er, speaker. 

Hacienda, subs.tomf. state, for- 
tune, lands, real estate. 

Hallado, part, found, met. From 
Hollar, to find. 

Harmonia, subs.comf. harmony, 
concord. 

Hazaiia, subs.comf. exploit, 
achievement. 

Helado-a, adj. frozen, congealed. 

Henrique, subs.prop.m. Henry, 
a man's name. 

Heredad, subs.ccmf property, 
heritage, country house. 

Herida, subs.ccmf. wound, sore, 
severe blow. 

Hermana, subs.comf. sister. 

Hermano, subsxom.m. brother. 

Hermoso-a, adj beautiful, hand- 
some. 

Heroico-a. adj heroic, heroical. 

Hidalgo, subs comm. nobleman. 

Hijuelo-a. subs.ccm. young one, 
a young child, dim. of Hijo, 
child, or son. 

Hilaza, subs.comf. yarn, thread, 
coarse stuff. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



ei 



Histori'a, subs.com.f. history, 
story, narration. 

Hojoso-a, adj. leafy, covered 
with leaves. 

Honesto-a, adj. honest, honour- 
able, pure, virtuous. 

Honradez, subs.com.f honesty, 
probity, honour. 

Honrado-a, adj. honourable, 
honest, exact. 

Honrado, part, honoured, dis- 
tinguished. From Honrar, to 
honour. 

Horacio, subs.prop.m. Horace, a 
great writer of antiquity. 

Hostena, subs. com.f. inn, tavern. 

Huesped, subs.com.m. tavern- 
keeper, host. 

Huespeda, subs.com.f land-lady, 
(female tavern-keeper.) 

Humano-a, adj. human, rational, 
humane. 

Humildad, subs, com.f. humility, 
meekness, mildness. 

Hundido, part, sunk, destroyed. 
From Hundir, to sink. 

Hundido-a,pari.a&so. being sunk. 



Idioma, subs.com.f. language, 
tongue, idiom. 

Idiota, subs.com.m. idiot, (a per- 
son whose mental qualities 
are inert.) 

I'dolo, subs.com.m. idol, (an 
image adored as God,) object 
of love, t>r esteem. 

Iglesia, subs.com.f. church, tem- 
ple, chapel. 

Igualdad, subs.com.f. equality, 
similitude, uniformity. 



Ilusion, subs.com.f. illusion, fan- 
ciful show. 

Iluso-a, adj. deluded, deceived, 
ridiculed. 

Ilustre, adj. illustrious, magni- 
ficent, noble. 

Imagen, subs.comf. image, pic- 
ture, representation, descrip- 
tion. 

Imperio, subs.com.m. empire, 
command. 

Impetu, subs.com.m. impetus, im- 
petuosity, violence. 

Impresion, subs com f. impres- 
sion, mark, image. 

Impune, adj unpunished, with- 
out punishment. 

Incapaz, subs.com.m. incapable, 
powerless, wanting judgment, 
understanding, &c. 

Incendio, subs.com.m. conflagra- 
tion, fire, incendiary. 

Increibie, adj. incredible, not to 
be credited. 

Indicio, subs.com.m. indication, 
mark, token. 

Indign<;-a, adj. unworthy, unde- 
serving, unsuitable, vile. 

Industria, subs.com.f. industry, 
assiduity. 

Infausto-a, adj. unfortunate, un- 
happy, unlucky. 

Infeliz, adj. unhappy, unfortun- 
ate, inert. 

Infernal, adj. infernal, hellish, 
prejudicial. 

Infimto-a, adj. infinite, unlimit- 
ed, immense. 

Informe, subs.com.m. informa- 
tion, instructions, knowledge. 



62 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Ingenio, subs.com.m. a genius, a 
man possessed of talents. 

Ingenio, subs.com.m. genius, ta- 
lents, wit, engine, plantation. 

Ingenuo-a, adj. ingenuous, open, 
candid. 

Ingrato-a, subs.com. an ungrate- 
ful person. 

Ingrato-a, adj. ungrateful, un- 
pleasing, harsh. 

Injuria, subs.comf injury, af- 
front, detriment. 

Inrnenso-a, adj. immense, un- 
bounded. 

Inmoble, adj. motionless, un- 
moveable,unshaken, constant. 

Inmovil, adj immoveable, mo- 
tionless. 

Inquieto-a, adj. restless, turbu- 
lent, clamorous, solicitous. 

Inquietud, subs. com /.inquietude, 
restlessness. 

Insigne, adj. illustrious, eminent, 
great, remarkable. 

Insignia, subs.ccm.f. a badge, in- 
signia. 

Instancia, subs.com.f. instance, 
urgency, prosecution. 

Instante, subs.com.m. instant, a 
short while. 

Instinto, subs.com.m. instinct, 
encouragement, impulse, in- 
stigation. 

Instruccion, subs.ccm.f. instruc- 
tion, tuition, precepts, infor- 
mation. 

Instructor, subs.com.m. instruc- 
tor, teacher, professor. 

Intencion, subs.com.f. intention, 
design, purpose. 



Intento, subs.com.m. intent, de- 
sign, purpose. 

Interes, subs.com.m. interest, 
gain, usury. 

Interin, adv. meanwhile, whilst. 

Interior, subs.com.m. interior, 
inside. 

Interior, adj. internal, inward. 

I'ntimo-a, adj. intiinate,familiar, 
internal. 

lnlvigz, subs.com.f. intrigue, ar- 
tifice. 

Invasion, subs.com.f. invasion, 
attack. 

Invencion, subs.ccm.f. invention, 
contrivance, discovery. 

Invierno, subs.com.m winter. 

Inutil, adj. useless, unprofitable. 

Irrision, subs.com.f. imssicn,(the 
act of laughing at another.) 

Isabel, subs.propf. Elizabeth, a 
woman's name. 

Isaias, sabs.prop.m. Isaiah, a pro- 
phet. 

Italia, subs.propf. Italy, a couo- 
try in Europe. 

J. 

Jornada, subs.com.f. journey, 

travel, road, act, (of a play.) 
Jubilo, subs.com.m. jubilee, joy. 

merriment. 
Juguete, subs.com.m. toy, trinket, 

gewgaw. 
Jumento, subs.com.m. ass, beast, 

.stupid person. 
Juntado, part, united, assembled, 

joined, met. From Juntar, to 

join. 
Juntado-a, part.abso. being sK- 

sembled. &o. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



6, 



Justioia, subs.com.f. justice, pu- 
nishment, reason, equity. 

Juventud, subs.com.f. youth, 
youthfulness. 

L. 

Labrador, subs.com m. labourer, 
farmer, rustic, peasant. 

Labrador, adj. working, labo- 
rious. 

Ladrillo, subs.com m. brick, tile. 

Lagrima, subs.com f. tear, drop. 

Lampazo, subs.com.m. burdock, 
(a plant.) 

Languidez, su6s.com/. weariness, 
debility, melancholy. 

Lascivo-a, subs.com. a libidinous, 
or lascivious person. 

Lascivo-a, adj. libidinous, lasci- 
vious, luxurious. 

Laureles, subs.com.p.m honours. 

Lechuzo, snbs.com. owl. 

Lenguage, subs c mf. language, 
tongue, diction. 

Leonardo, subs.prop.m. Leonar- 
do, a man's name. 

Leonera, nihs.com f. lion cage. 

Levante, subs.prop.m. Levant, 
coast of the Mediterranean, 
east of Italy. 

Levante, subs .prop m. east, east 
wind. 

Liberal, adj. liberal, generous, 
open. 

Libertad, sub-.com f liberty, 
freedom, privilege, permis- 
sion. 

Licencia, subs.comf. license,per- 
missioa, teave. 

Ligero-a, adj. light, thin, swift, 
inconstant. 



Limite, subs.com.f. limit, boun- 
dary, confine. 

Limosna, subs.com.f. charity, 
alms. 

Limpieza,su6s.com./. cleanliness, 
chastity, integrity. 

Liquido-a, adj. liquid, fluid, 
clear, evident. 

Lirico-a, adj. lyric, (pertaining 
to odes, and songs.) 

Lisonja, subs.com f. flattery, adu- 
lation. 

Liviano-a, adj. libidinous, un- 
chaste, light. 

Locura, subs.com.f. folly, absur- 
dity, madness. 

Logrado, part, obtained, attain- 
ed, acquired. From Lograr, 
to obtain. 

Logrado-a, part.abso. being ob* 
tained. 

Longura, subs.com.f. length, a 
long period. 

Lorrena, subs.propf. Lorrain, an 
extensive country in the 
north east of France. 

Lozania, subs.com.f. luxuriance, 
exuberance, elegance, valour. 

Lucero, sub-.com.m. raorning- 
star, guide idol, lover. 

Luculo, subs.prop.m. LucuIIus, 
an ancient; distinguished for 
his oratorical, philosophic, 
and mlitary talents. 

Lujuria, subs.com.f. luxury, ex- 
cess, impurity. 

LL. 

L^agido-a, adj. wounded, hurt* 

j.. ired, having s<»res. 
Lldgado, part, wounded, hurt. 



64 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Llamada, subs.com f. call, note, 

treaty, signal. 
Llaneza, subs.com.f. simplicity, 

familiarity, plainness. 
Llanura, subs.com.f. evenness, 

equality. 
Llegado, part, arrived, reached. 

From Llcgar, to arrive. 
Llegado-a, parl.cbso. being ar- 
rived, having reached. 
Llevado, part, carried, brought, 

taken. From Llcvar, to carry. 
Llevado-a, part.abso. carried 

away, biassed. 

M. 

Macsima, subs.comf maxim, 
apothegm. 

Macsitne, adv. chiefly, princi- 
pally. 

Maesimo-a, adj.svper. chief, 
greatest, principal. 

Madurez, subs.com.f. maturity, 
wisdom, prudence. 

Magestad, subs.com.f majesty, 
grandeur, sovereignty. 

MahomHtjubs.prop.m. Mahomet, 
founder of the religion follow- 
ed by the an'Si-'elmen. 

Malieia, subs.comf. malice, per- 
Verseness, artifice, dissimula- 
tion. 

Manantial, subs.com.m source, 
origin, principle. 

Mandado, part, commanded, or- 
dered. From Mandar, to com- 
mand. 

Mandato, stibs.com.m. command, 
order, injunciion, trust. 

Mandrache, subs.com.m. haunt, 
Jhut.house of corruption, cave. 



Man.era, subs.com.f. manncr,cu»- 
tom, mode. 

Manjares, subs.com.m.p. viands. 
dainties. 

Manzana, subs.com f. apple,pom- 
mel. 

Maiiana, adv. to-morrow. 

Maquina, subs.com.f. machine, 
engine, crowd. 

Marcado,pa/f. marked,branded, 
noted. From Alarcar, to mark. 

Marcelo, subs.prop.m. Marcellus, 
a famous Roman general. 

Mariana, subs.jyrop.m. Mariana, 
an eminent Spanish historian. 

Marido, subs.com.m. husband, 
spouse, consort. 

Marino, subs.com.m. a seaman, 
mariner. 

Marlno-a, adj. marine, naval. 

Marisca;, subs.com.m. martial., 
farrier, blacksmith. 

Marquesa, subs.com.f. marchio- 
ness. 

Martires, subs.com.m.p. all the 
martyrs. 

Martirio, subs.com.m. martyr- 
dom, tortures, hardships. 

Marulla, subs.prop.f. Marulla, 
a great Turkish heroine. 

Materia, subs.com.f. matter, ma- 
terials, subject, occasion. 

Material ,subs.com.m. ingredient, 
material, importance. 

Materias, adj material, (not spi- 
ritual,) important, ungenteel. 

Mecido-a, adj. stirred, agitated, 
shaken. 

Mecido, part, stirred, agitated. 
From Mecer, to shake. 

Medico, subs.com.m. physician. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES, 



65 



§!('. 



Medida, subs.com.f. measure, 
mensuration, height, propor- 
tion, moderation. 
Mediodia, subs.com.m. noon,mid- 

day, south wind. 
Medrdso-a, adj. fearful, terri- 
ble, horrid. 
Melendez, subs.prop.m. Melen- 

dez, a very eminent Spanish 

poet. 
Memoria, subs.com.f. memory, 

reminiscence, glory, record, 

monument. 
Memorial, subs.com.m. memori- 
al, petition, memorandum 

book. 
Mendigo, subs.com.m. beggar, 

mendicant. 
Mendlgo-a,«^.mendicant,venal ? 

mercenary. 
Menester, subs.com.m. necessity, 

want, employment, sufficien- 
cy- 
Menguado, subs.com. miserable 

wretch. 
Menguado-a, adj. diminished, 

impaired, pusillanimous. 
Menudo-a, adj. small, worthless, 

vulgar. 
Mentira, subs.com.f. falsehood, 

lie, error. 
Mercader, subs.com.m. a trader, 

shop-keeper, dealer. 
MeritOjStt&s.com.m. merit,desert. 
Metido-a, part.abso. being put, 

included, induced, strained. 

From Meter, to put. 
Milagro, subs.com.m. miracle, 

prodigy, wonder. 
Militar, adj. military, warlike. 
7 



Militar, subs.com.m. soldier ,war- - 
rior. 

Mineral, adj. mineral, relating 
to any body excavated from, 
or contained in, the earth. 

Mineral, subs.com.m, mineral. 

Minimo-a, adj. super, least, small- 
est. 

PVlinistro-a, subs.com. minister, 
officer. 

Ministro, subs.com.m. magis- 
trate. 

Mirlado-a, adj. affected, conse- 
quential. 

Miseria, subs.com.f. misery, ca- 
lamity, covetousness. 

Misero-a, adj. miserable,wretch, 
distracted, poor, indigent. 

Misterio, subs.com.m. mystery, 
machination, artifice. 

Modelo, subs.com.m. model, ex- 
ample, copy, pattern. 

Moderno-a, adj. modern, recent, 
late. 

Modernos, subs.com.m.p. the mo- 
derns. 

Modesto-a, adj. modest, unas- 
suming, pure, chaste. 

Modestia, subs.com.f. modesty, 
decency. 

Mofado, part, scorned, scoffed. 

Mofador, subs.com.m. scoffer, 
scorner. 

Mohatra, subs.com.m. usurer, im- 
postor. 

Molestia,sit&s.com./. molestation, 
injury, trouble. 

Molientes, adj. grinding. 

Molina, subs.prop.m. Molina, a 
personage in Isla's Gil Bias. 



66 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Momento, subs.com.m. moment, 
consequence, importance. 

Monaica, subs.com.m. monarch. 

Monarquiia, subs.com.f. monar- 
chy, kingdom. 

Moneda, subs.com.f. money,coin. 

Montana, svbs.com f. mountain, 
rock. 

Morada, subs.com.f. habitation, 
abode, residence. 

Morador, subs.com.m. inhabitant. 

Moreno, adj. brown, dark, swar- 
thy. 

Mostrado, part, shown, proved, 
demonstrated. From JMostrar, 
to show. 

Mudable, adj. changeable, fickle, 
variable. 

Mudanza, subs.com.f. change, al- 
teration, levity. 

Muestra, subs.com.f. pattern,spe- 
cimen, model, example. 

Mullido-a, adj. beaten up. 

N. 

Nacido-a, adj. born. 

Naciente, part.pres. rising, com- 
ing into existence. 

Natural. sMb-.com. m. temper,dis- 
position, instinct, nature. 

Natural, adj. not artificial, na- 
tural, common, regular. 

Navarra, subs prop. f. Navarre, a 
province of Spain. 

Naufragio, subs.com.m. ship- 
wreck, miscarriage, disap- 
pointment. 

]^eg6cio, subs.com.m. affair,trans- 
action, business, commerce. 

Nevado, part, snowed. From 
■Vevar, to snow. 



Nicosia, subs.prop.f. Nicosia, the 
capital of the island of Cy- 
press. 

Ninguno, pron.indef. nobody,not 
one, not any body. 

Nineria, subs.com.f. puerility, 
childish action, gewgaw. 

Nobleza, subs.com.f. nobility, 
illustrious origin. 

Nombrado, part, appointed, no- 
minated, called. From Nom- 
brar, to call. 

Nosotros-as, pron.pers.n.p. we. 

Nosotros, pron.pers.p.obj. us.. 

Notado-a, adj. remarkable, not- 
ed. 

Notado, part, remarked, observ- 
ed. From Notar, to remark. 

Noticia, subs.com.f. news, infor- 
mation, knowledge, advice. 

Novedad, subs.com.f. novelty, 
admiration. 

Novela, subs.com.f. novel, ro- 
mance, fiction. 

Noventa, adj. num. ninety. 

Nub]ado,sw6s.cem.wi. cloud, dark- 
ness, perturbation. 

Nuestro, pron.poss.p. our, ours. 

Numancia, subs.prop.f Numan- 
tia, a city of Spain, distin- 
guished in ancient times by 
the valour of its inhabitants. 

Numero, subs.com.m. number, 
cypher, multitude, harmony. 

O. 

Obgeto, subs.com.m. object, end, 

design. 
Obispo, subs.com.m. bishop. 
Objeto, subs.com.m. object, end,. 

design. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



6f 



Obrado, part, manufactured, ex- 
ecuted, constructed. From 
Obrar, to work 

Obscuro-a, adj. obscure, unin- 
telligible, dark, gloomy, con- 
fused. 

Obstante, prep, withstanding. 

Ocasion, subs.com.f. occasion, 
opportunity, season, cause, 
motive. 

Oceano, subs.com.m. ocean, sea, 
vast expanse. 

Ocioso-a, subs.com. an idle, lazy, 
or indolent person. 

Ocioso-a, adj. idle, indolent, 
lazy. 

Oficial, subs.com.m. journeyman, 
officer, clerk, magistrate. 

Of icio, subs.com.m. office, func- 
tion, official letter, trade, pro- 
fession. 

Ofrenda, subs.com.f. offering, ob- 
lation, homage. 

Ogeada, subs.com.f. glance, 
glimpse. 

Ojuelo, subs.com.m. small, pretty 
eye, dim. of Ojo, eye. 

Olanda, subs.com.f. cambric, li- 
nen. 

Olvido, subs.com.m. oblivion, for- 
getfulness. 

Opinion, subs.com.f. opinion, 
judgment, reputation, char- 
acter. 

Opresidn, subs.com.f. oppression, 
calamity, tyranny. 

Oprobio, subs.com.m. opprobri- 
um, ignominy, calumny, 
shame. 
Opuesto-a, adj. opposite, contra- 
ry, adverse. 



Oracion, subs.com.f. prayer, sup* 
plication, petition. 

Orador, subs.com.m. orator, pa- 
negyrist, encomiast. 

Oreadas, subs.prop.f. Oreadas, 
fabulous deities generally 
supposed to attend Diana, the 
goddess of hunting. 

Orgullo, subs.com.m. pride, ar- 
rogance, haughtiness. 

Origen, subs.com.m. origin, 
source, motive, birthplace. 

Orilla, subs.com.f bank, (of a 
river,) border, limit, edge, 
footpath. 

Ornato, subs.com.m. ornament, 
dress, decoration. 

Osadia, subs.com.f. courage, in- 
trepidity, zeal, ardour. 

Oscuro-a, adj. obscure, dark, 
unintelligible. 

Ostento, subs.com.m. show, spec- 
tacle, prodigy. 

Otoman, sxtbs.com. Ottoman, 
Turk. 

Otoman, adj. Ottoman, Turkish. 

Oveja, subs.com.f. ewe, flock. 

Oyente, subs.com.m. hearer, au- 
ditor. 

Oyentes, subs.com.m.p. audience- 



Pagado, part, paid, discharged, 
atoned, rewarded. From Pa- 
gar, to pay. 

Palabra, subs.com.f. word, affir- 
mation, promise. 

Palacio, subs com m. palace, cas- 
tle, splendid house. 

Paliado-a, adj. deceitful, hypo- 
critical, infamous. 



68 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Paliadas, subs.prop.f. Palades, 
fabulous virgins consecrated 
to Jupiter, by the Thebans of 
Egypt. 

Palillo, subs.com.m. a small stick, 
tooth-pick, rolling-pin. 

Pantalia, subs. com/, discharge. 

Parage, subs.com.m. place, resi- 
dence, condition, disposition. 

Parecer, subs.com.m opinion, ad- 
vice, countenance, look. 

Pariente, subs.com.m. relation, 
kindred. 

Pariente, adj. resembling, like. 

Parleria, subs.com.f. loquacity, 
garrulity, talking, chirping. 

Parpado, subs.com.m. eyelid. 

Parroco, subs.com.m. curate, rec- 
tor. 

Parroquia, 6ubs.com f. parish. 

Partido, subs.com.m. measure, 
partiality, favour, protection, 
contract. 

5artido, part, divided, departed. 
From Partir, to divide. 

Pasado, part, passed, admitted, 
pierced, penetrated. From 
Pasar, to pass. 

Paseado, part, walked, moved. 
From Pasear, to walk. 

Pasmado-a, part.adjtc. chilled, 
astonished, enraptured. From 
Pasmar, to astonish. 

Pastora, subs.com.f. shepherdess. 

Patente, sus.com.f. patent, war- 
rant, commission. 

Patente, adj. manifest, evident, 
plain. 

Paternal, adj. paternal, fatherly. 

Pecado, subs.com.m. sin, trans- 
gression, extravagance. 



Pecador-a, subs.com. sinner, otV 
fender, delinquent. 

Pedazo, subs.com.m. piece, bit, 
selection.' 

Pedreria, subs.com.f. a collec- 
tion of fine stones. 

Pelayo, subs.prop.m. Pelagus, the 
first Spanish hero that rose 
against the Moorish yoke. 

Peligro, subs.com.m. danger,risk, 
hazard. 

Peloso-a, adj. hairy, covered 
with uri- 

Pellejo,sttbs.com.m,skin,fur,hide. 

Pendencia, subs.com.f. quarrel, 
disagreement, dispute. 

Pendiente, subs.com. declivity^ 
earring. 

Pendiente, adj. pendent, hang- 
ing, depending. 

Penoso-a, adj. painful. 

Pequeno-a, adj. small, narrow, 
young. 

Perdicion, subs.com.f. perdition, 
loss, prodigality, extrava- 
gance. 

Perdida, subs.com.f. loss, detri- 
ment, damage. 

Perfeccidn, subs.com.f. perfec- 
tion, excellence, beauty, 
grace. 

Perjuicio, subs.com.m. prejudice, 
injury, mischief. 

Perpetuo-a, adj. perpetual, eter- 
nal. 

Perrillo, subs.com.m. a little dog, 
dim. of Perro, dog. 

Persona, subs.com.f. person, in- 
dividual, personage. 

Perspicaz, adj. perspicacious, 
sagacious, acute. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



69 



Pertrechos, subs.com.m. ammuni- 
tion, arms, instrument. 

Perverso-a, adj. perverse, stub- 
born, wicked. 

Perusa, subs.prop.f. Perugia, a 
city in Italy near the river 
Tiber. 

Pesebre, subs.com.m. crib, stable. 

Pesimo-a, adj.sup. worse, ex- 
tremely bad. 

Peticion, subs.com.f. petition, 
memorial, request. 

Piadoso, adj. pious, merciful, 
compassionate. 

Picaron, subs.com. rogue,villain, 
rascal. 

Piedra, subs.com.f. stone. 

Pielago, subs.com.m. bottom, 
abyss, ocean, sea. 

Pintado, adj. painted, mottled. 

Pintura, subs.com.f. painting, 
picture, description. 

Pirineos^w&s.^rop.m.p.Pyrenees, 
a range of lofty mountains, 
dividing France from Spain. 

Pirineo-a, adj. Pyrenean,relating 
to the Pyrenees. 

Pistola, subs com.f pistol. 

Pizarro, subs.prop.m. Pizarro, a 
Spaniard who conquered 
Peru. 

Planicie, subs.com.f. plain, even- 
ness, even ground. 

Plantado, part, planted, sown, 
fixed. From Plantar, to plant. 

Plebeyo, subs.com m. plebian, (a 
person belonging to the lower 
class of the community.) 

Plegado, part, folded, doubled. 
From Plegar, to fold, 
7* 



Plutarco, subs.prop.m. Plutarch, 
an eminent Greek biogra- 
pher. 

Poblacidn, subs.com.f. popula- 
tion, town, city. 

Poblado-a, subs.com.m. town, 
village. 

Pobreza, subs.com.f. poverty, 
wretchedness, misery. 

Podido, part, being able. From 
Poder, to be able. 

PoKbio, subs.prop.m. Polybius, 
an eminent warrior and his- 
torian of antiquity. 

Policia, subs.com.f. police, po- 
liteness, cleanliness, policy. 

Polvora, subs.com.f gunpowder. 

Pomposo-a, adj. pompous, osten- 
tatious, magnificent, inflated. 

Poniente, subs.prop.m. west, west 
wind. 

Ponzona, subs.com.f poison, ve- 
nom. 

Popular, adj. popular. 

Porfiado-a, adj. obstinate, stub- 
born. 

Portero, subs.com m. porter. 

Portico, subs.com.m. portico, pi- 
azza, (porch supported by 
columns.) 

Posada, subs.com.f lodgings, tar 
vern. 

Poseido, part, possessed, had. 
From Poseer, to possess. 

Posible adj. possible. 
Potestad, subs.com.f. power, do* 
minion, command, jurisdic- 
tion. 
Praderia, subs com.f. meadow, 
mead, lawn, prairie. 



70 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Preciado-a, adj. valued, apprais- 
ed, precious, conceited. 
Pr3cioso-a, adj. precious, valu- 
able, excellent. 
Precision, subs.com.f. precision, 

purity, correctness. 
"Preciso-a, adj. necessary, pre- 
cise, clear, obligation. 
Pregunta, subs.com.f. request, 

question, inquiry. 
Prelado, subs.com.m. prelate. 
Prendado-a, adj. gifted, endu- 
ed, accomplished. 
Presencia, subs.comf. presence, 

figure, demeanor. 
Presente, subs.com. present, gift. 
Presente, adj. present. 
Presteza, subs comf quickness, 

promptitude. 
Presuncion, subs.comf. presump- 
tion, conjecture, confidence, 
suspicion. 
Pretension, subs.com.f. preten- 
tion, claim, pretext. 
Primero, adj.num. first. 
Principe, subs.com.m. prince, 

king. 
Principio,sw&s.com.m. beginning, 
motive, source, fundamental 
truth, principle. 
Privanza, subs.com.f. favour,pro- 

tection. 
Problema, subs.com.m. problem, 

question. 
Proceder, subs.com.m. manner of 
proceeding, demeanour, ma- 
nagement. 
Procesion, subs.com.f. proces- 
sion, train. 
Proceso, subs.com.m. process, ju- 
dicial proceedings. 



Procsimo-a, adj. next, nearest. 

Prodigio, subs.com.m. prodigy, 
miracle, wonder. 

Produccion, subs.com.f. produc- 
tion, commodity. 

Profesion, subs.com.f. profession, 
trade, business, protestation. 

Profeta, subs.com.m. prophet, 
(one who tells future events.) 

Profugo, subs.com. fugitive, va- 
gabond, wanderer. 

Profundo-a, adj. profound, deep, 
sound. 

Profusion, subs.com.f. profusion, 
lavishness. 

Progresion, subs.com.f. progres- 
sion, process. 

Prolijo-a, adj. prolix, tedious, 
fatiguing, troublesome. 

Promesa, subs.com.f promise, 
offering. 

Propiedad, subs.com.f. posses- 
sion, propriety, property, qua- 
lity, custom, propensity. 

Proporcion, siibs.com f. propor- 
tion, symmetry, similarity. 

Propuesta, subs.comf. proposal, 
representation, application. 

Prospero-a, adj. prosperous, suc- 
cessful, fortunate. 

Proteccidn, subs.com.f. protec- 
tion, favour, shelter, asylum. 
Protervo-a, subs.com. a stubborn, 

or indolent person. 
Protervo, adj. stubborn, arro- 
gant, insolent. 
Protesta, subs.com.f. protest, (a 
solemn declaration of opi- 
nion,) promise, asseveration. 
Provecho, subs.com.m. profit, 
gain, proficiency, advantage. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



71 



ProvTncia, subs.com.f. province, 
provincial court. 

Provisor, subs.com.m. vicar-ge- 
neral, praetor, a chief magis- 
trate of ancient Rome. 

Proyecto, subs.com.m. project, 
scheme, plan, design. 

Prudencia, subs.com.f. prudence, 
wisdom, temperance. 

Prudente, adj. prudent, discreet, 
wise. 

Publico, subs.com.m. the public, 
the people. 

Publico-a, adj. public, notorious, 
common. 

Pujante, adj. powerful, strong, 
pushing. 

Puntuoso-a, adj. briery, thorny, 
spirited, acuminated, (or 
having many points,) puncti- 
lious. 

Purpura, subs.com.f. purple, (dig- 
nity of a king or emperor,) 
royal mantle. 

Q. 

Quedado, part, remained, stop- 
ped. From Quedar, to stop, or 
remain. 

Quendo-a, subs.com. dear, dar- 
ling, lover. 

Quendo, adj. dear, beloved. 

Quendo, part, wished, desired, 
being willing. From Querer, 
to be willing. 

Querubin, subs.com.m. cherub, 
(a celestial spirit, next in or- 
der to the seraphim.) 

Quevedo, subs.prop.m. Quevedo, 
one of the greatest Spanish 
writers. 



Quijdte, subs.prop.m. Quixote, 
the name of the most cele- 
brated Spanish novel; a ridi- 
culous and extravagant man. 

Quirinal, subs.com.m. Quirinal, 
a hill at Rome, (originally 
called Agonias.) 

Quirinal, adj. Quirinal, relating 
to the festivals in honour of 
Romulus. 

Quitado, part, deprived, taken 
away. From Quitar, to de- 
prive. 

Quitado-a, part.abs. having tak- 
en, having deprived. 

R. 

Racional, adj. rational, humane, 
reasonable. 

Radiante, adj. radiant,refulgent, 
resplendent. 

Rasgado-a, adj. rent, open, torn. 

Rasgado, part, torn, broken to 
pieces. From Rasgar, to tear. 

Rastrero-a, adj. creeping, drag- 
ging, humble, cringing. 

Realmente, adv. really, effectu- 
ally, royally. 

Reb£lde, stt6s.com.rn. rebel. 

Rebelde, adj. stubborn, per- 
verse, rebellious, contuma- 
cious. 

Recado, subs.com.m. message, 
errand, present, gift. 

Recelo, subs.com.m. suspicion, 
fear, dread, mistrust. 

Recluta, subs.com.m. recruit, (a 
new soldier ) 

Recluta, subs.com.f. recruiting, 
(the act of raising men for 
the army.) 



72 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Recreado, part, amused, de- 
lighted, gratified, diverted. 
From Recrear, to be diverted. 

Rectitud, subs.com.f rectitude, 
exactitude, uprightness. 

Recuesto, subs.coin.m. declivity. 

Recurso, subs.com.m. recourse, 
appeal. 

Rededdr, subs.com.m. environs, 
round about. 

Redentdr, subs.prop.m. Redeem- 
er, or Jesus Christ. 

Redentor, sub.com in. redeemer, 
(he who ransoms, or redeems 
any one.) 

Reddndo-a, adj. round. 

Refleccion, subs.com.f. reflexion, 
consideration, meditation, re- 
flection. 

Reflejo, subs.com m. light, re- 
flected. 

Refdrma, subs.com.f. reform, re- 
formation, amendment. 

Refresco, subs.com.m. refresh- 
ment, ice-cream, cool bever- 
age, sweetmeats. 

Refugio, subs.com.m. refuge, 
asylum, protection, 

Regado-a, adj. watered, irrigat- 
ed, sprinkled. 

Regalo, subs.comm. present, 
pleasure, dainty, repose. 

Relacidn, subs.com.f. relation, 
narration, account. 

Religion, subs.com.f religion, 
piety, worship. 

Reliquia, subs.com.f. relick, re- 
mains, vestige. 

Remate, subs.com.m. conclusion, 
the highest bidding, vignette. 



Remedio, subs.com.m. remedy, 
reparation, resource, medi- 
cine 

Rendmbre, subs.com.m. sirname, 
renown, glory, fame. 

Replica, subs com.f. answer, re- 
ply, repartee. 

Repdso, subs.com.m- repose, rest, 
tranquility. 

Reseco-a, adj. dry, lean, ema- 
ciated. 

Resdrte, subs.com.m. spring, 
means, cause, medium. 

Respecto, subs.com.m. respect, 
relation, consideration. 

Respecto, adv. with regard, re- 
lative, with relation. 

Respeto, subs.com.m. respect, 
regard, veneration, attention. 

Resplanddr, subs.com.m. splen- 
dour, brilliancy, brightness. 

Respuesta, subs.com.f. answer, 
reply. 

Restante, part.pres. remainder, 
residue. 

Resulta, subs.com.f. rebound, re- 
sult, vacancy. 

Retrato, subs.com.m. portrait, 
copy, imitation, likeness. 

Ribera, subs.com.f. bank, sea- 
shore. 
Rigido-a, adj. rigid, stern, in- 
flexible. 
Riqueza, subs.com.f. riches, 
wealth, fertility, embellish- 
ments. 
Risible, adj. risible, laughable. 
Risueno-a, adj. smiling,pleasing. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Robado, part, robbed, plunder- 
ed, stolen, swept away. From 
Robar, to steal. 

Robusto-a, adj. strong, robust, 
vigorous. 

Rodeado-a, part. adj. surroun- 
ded, encircled, circumscrib- 
ed. From Rodear, to surround. 

Rodela, subs.com.f. shield, buck- 
ler, target. 

Rodilla, subs.com.f. knee. 

Rodino subs.com.m. Rodino, an 
eminent personage. 

Rogado, part . implored, entreat- 
ed, prayed for. 

Rogerio, subs.prop.m. Roger, a 
man's name. 

Romano-a, subs.com. a Roman, 
(a native of Rome.) 

Romero, subs.prop.m. Romero, a 
Spanish eminent character. 

Romero, subs.com.m. rosemary, 
(a plant.) 

Romero-a, adj. rambling, tra- 
velling. 

Rondante, adj. wandering, tra- 
velling, walking. 

RopTUa, subs.com.m. coarse, or 
tattered clothes. 

Rosada, subs.com.f. freezing 
weather, or frozen objects. 

Rosicler, subs.com.m. rose co- 
lour, silver ore. 
Rubicon, subs.com.m. Rubicon, a 

river in Italy. 
Rubicon-a, adj. reddish. 
Rudeza, subs.com f. roughness, 

asperity, stupidity, dullness. 
Rufiano-a, subs.com. ruffian. 
Rugido, subs.com.m. bellowing, 
roaring. 



Ruindad, subs.com.f. meanness, 
poverty, covetousness. 

Ruiseiior, subs.com.m. nightin- 
gale, (a bird.) 

Rusiano, subs.com.m. Russian, a 
native of Russia. 

Rustico-a, subs.com. clown, pea- 
sant, a rustic person. 

s. 

Saavedra,sM&s prop.m. Saavedra, 
a Spanish author. 

Sabido, part.substan.m. a learn- 
ed, or scientific man. 

Sabido-a, part, known, learned, 
acquired, heard. From Saber, 
to know. 

Sabroso-a,«dj. savoury,pleasing, 
palatable. 

Sacado, part, drawn, taken ofi^ 
extracted. From Sacar, to 
take away. 

Sagrado-a, adj. sacred, conse- 
crated, execrable. 

Sa.g\into 9 .subs.prop.f. Saguntum, 
a city of $pain. 

Salado-a,ad/\ salted,cured,witty. 

Salario, subs.com.m. salary, wa- 
ges. 

Salido, part, gone out, issued, 
published From Salir, to go 
out. 

Salteador, subs.com.m. highway- 
man, robber. 

Salustio, subs.m-op.m. Sa'ust, an 
eminent Roman historian. 

Salvado, subs.com.m. bran, (the 
husk of wheat ground.) 

Samaria, subs.prop.f Samaria, a 
city and country in Palestine., 
famous in sacred history. 



74 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABBES. 



Sangriento-a, adj. bloody, san- 
guinary. 

Santidad, subs.com.f. sanctity, 
holiness. 

Sebastian, subs.prop.m. Sebas- 
tian, (a man's name.) 

Secado, part, dried, decayed. 
From Secar, to dry. 

Sec&do, par t.adjec. dry,lean,cool, 
repugnant. 

Secreto-a, subs.com.m. secret, 
caution. 

Secreto-a, adj. concealed, se- 
cret, hidden. 

Seguro-a, subs.com.m. secure, 
certain, constant. 

Seguido-a, adj. continued, fol- 
lowed, direct. 

Segundo-a, adj.num. second, fa- 
vourable. 

Selecto-a, adj. select, chosen. 

Sellado-a, adj. sealed, stamped, 
marked. 

Semana, subs.com.f. week. 

Semblante, subs.com.m. face, 
countenance, appearance. 

Sembrado, subs.com.m. ground, 
cornfield. 

Sembrado, part, sown, planted. 
From Sembrar, to sow. 

Sencillo-a, adj. simple, natural, 
slender, silly. 

Seneca, subs.prop.m. Seneca, an 
ancient philosopher. 

Sensacion, subs.cfitn.f. sensation, 
feeling, sentiment. 

Sensible, adj. sensible, painful, 
easily aftected. 

Bentido, part.adjec. seated,estab- 
Hshed. From Sentar, to seat. 



Sentencia, subs.com.f. sentence, 
judgment, condemnation. 

Sentido, subs.com.m. sense, rea- 
son, signification, import. 

Senora, subs.com.f. lady, madam. 

Seiiorio, subs.com.m. dominion, 
command, arrogance, self- 
control. 

Sepulcro, subs.com.m. sepulchre, 
tomb. 

Serafin, subs com.m. seraph, an- 
gel, extreme beauty. 

Sereno,su&s.com.m. evening dew, 
watchman. 

Sereno-a, adj. serene, calm, 
quiet. 

Seriedad, subs.com.f gravity, 
sternness of aspect. 

Servicio, subs.cmn.m. service, 
favour, utility, benefit. 

Sesenta, adj.num. sixty. 

Severo-a, adj. severe, rigorous, 
grave, punctual. 

Sicilia, subs.prop.f Sicily, an is- 
land in the Mediterranean. 

Sigilo, subs.com.m. inviolable se- 
crecy. 

Siguiente, adj. following, suc- 
cessive. 

Silencio, subs.com.m. silence, ta- 
citurnity, secrecy, reserved- 
ness. 

Silvestre, adj. wild, uncultivat- 
ed, savage. 

Sincero-a, adj. sincere, ingenu- 
ous, honest. 

Singular, adj. singular, extraor- 
dinary, individual. 

Siniestro-a, adj. left, vicious, ufi> 
lucky. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



75 



. Siquiera, conj. at least, though, 
even 

Situacidn, subs.com.f. situation, 
state, site, assignation. 

Soberbio-a, adj. proud, haughty, 
arrogant, lofty, fiery. 

Sobdrno, sufts.com.m. suborna- 
tion, bribe, inducement. 

Sobriedad, subs.com.f. sobriety, 
regularity, abstemiousness. 

Sociedad. subs.com.f. society, 
friendship, union. 

Socorro, subs.com.m. succour, 
aid, salary. 

Soldadojjpu&s.com.wi. soldier,pri- 
vate. 

Soledad, subs.com.f. solitude, de- 
sert, consolation. 

Soliman, adj. Turkish. 

Sombrero, subs.com.m. hat, cap. 

Sombno-a, adj. cloudy, dark, 
shady. 

Soneto, subs. com. m. sonnet, a po- 
etical composition. 

Sonoro-a, adj. sonorous, agree- 
able, harmonious. 

Sonrisa, subs.com.f. smile. 

Sociego, subs.com m. tranquility, 
calmness, repose. 

Soslayo, subs.comm. cross-look. 

Sosiayo, adv. obliquely. 

Suavidad, subs.com.f. suavity, 
softness, delicacy. 

Subido, part, ascended, walked 
up. From Sunir, to walk up. 

Subido-a, adj. finest, most ex- 
cellent. 

Subito, adv. immediately, di- 
rectly, suddenly. 

Subito-a, adj. quick, sudden. 



Sublime, adj. sublime, magnifi- 
cent, grand. 

Substancia.su6s.eom/.substance, 
matter, nutriment. 

Suceso, subs.com.m. success, 
event, incident. 

Suces6r-a,su6s.cow.m. successor* 

Sufridor-a, subs com.m. sufferer, 
person injured. 

Sugeto, subs.com.m. subject,mat- 
ter, person. 

Sugeto-a, adj. subject, liable, 
exposed. 

Suntuoso-a, sumptuous, splen- 
did, expensive. 

Superior, subs.com.m. superior,, 
(he who has the command of 
another.) 

Superior, adj.com.p. superior, 
higher, greater. 

Suplica, subs.com.f. petition, re- 
quest, memorial. 

Supremo, adj super, supreme, 
highest. 

Suspiro, subs.com.m. sigh,breath, 
hissing. 

Sustento, subs.com.m. food, sus- 
tenance, maintenance. 



Tacito, subs.prop.m. Tacitus, a 
very eminent, ancient histo- 
riau. 
Tacito-a, adj. tacit, understood, 

implied. 
Tafetan, subs.com.m. ribband. • 
Tafetan, subs.com.f. standard." 
Tahali, subs.com.m. shoulder 

belt. 
Talamo, subs.com.m. bride cham- 
ber. 



76 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Talento, subs.com.m. talent, (an 
ancient piece of money,) ta- 
lents, genius, abilities. 

Tamaiio, subs.com.m. size, shape, 
stature. 

Tampoco, conj. neither, nor. 

Tanido, subs.com.m. knell, me- 
lancholy sound. 

Tegido, subs.com.m. mixture, 
stuff. 

Tegido, part.adjec devised, wov- 
en, designed. 

Tempestad, subs.com.f. tempest, 
storm, commotion. 

Templado-a, adj. tempered, mo- 
derated, tuned, benign. 

Templanza, subs.com.f. temper- 
ance, temperature. 

Tendido, part. adj. stretched, ex- 
tended, lying down. 

Tenido, part, possessed, had, 
obtained. From Tener, to 
have. 

Tentacion, subs.com.f. tempta- 
tion, instigation. 

Teiiido-a, adj. dyed, tinged, im- 
pregnated wilh any colour. 

Termino, subs.coin.m. term, ter- 
mination, object, period. 

Terneza, subs.com.f. tenderness, 
softness, suavity. 

Ternura, subs.com.f. tenderness, 
delicacy. 

Terreno,subs.com.m. place,space 
of ground. 

^esoro, subs.com.m. treasure, 
Vealth. 

Testigo, subs.com.m. witness, 
proof, evidence. 

Tibteza, subs.com f. indifference, 
carelesness, lukewarmness. 



Tinieblas,sw&s.com./.jo. darkness, 
obscurity. 

Tirania, svhs.com.f. tyranny, 
despotism. 

Tirano, subs.com.m. tyrant, des- 
potic monarch. 

Tirano-a, adj. tyrannical. 

Titulo, subs.com.m. title. 

Tivoli, subs.prop.m. Tivole, a 
town in the territory of Rome. 

Tobillo, subs.com.m. ankle. 

Todavla, adv. notwithstanding, 
yet, still. 

Tornado, part taken, possessed 
of, understood. Frofll Tomar, 
to take. 

Topado, part, met, run against. 
From Topar, to encounter. 

Tor men to, subs.com.m. torment, 
pain, anguish, torture. 

Torrente, subs.com.m torrent, 
rapid stream, abundance. 

Tortura, subs.com.f. rack, tor- 
ture, tortuosity. 

Trabajo, subs.com.m. work, im- 
pediment, trouble, poverty. 

Trafago, subs.com.m. traffic,com- 
meree, trade. 

Tratico, subs.com.m. traffic, com- 
merce. 

Tragedia, subs.com.f. tragedy, 
any dreadful event. 

Traicion, subs.com.f. treason, 
treachery. 

Tramposo, subs.com. swindler. 

Tramposo-a, adj. deceitful, 
swindling. 

Tranqullo-a, adj. tranquil, calm, 
quiet. 

Transito, subs.com.m. turnpike, 
road, passage, way. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Z7 



Transporte, subs.com.m. trans- 
port, transportation. 

Trasudor, subs.com.m. sweat, 
perspiration. 

Travieso-a, adj. oblique, turbu- 
lent, intemperate. 

Treinta, adj.num. thirty. 

Treviano-a, Trevian, relating 
to Treve, a city of the states 
of Rome. 

Tribunal, subs.com.m. tribunal, 
court (of justice.) 

Tributo, subs.com.m. tribute,tax, 
contribution. 

Trinacria, subs.prop. Trinacria, 
now Sicily. 

Tristeza, subs.com.f. sadness, 
grief, affliction, sorrow. 

Triunfo, subs.com.m. triumph, 
conquest, trophy. 

Trocado, part, changed, per- 
muted. From Trocar, to 
change. 

Tronera, subs.com.m. a hair- 
brained person, loop-hole. 

Tropiezo, subs.com.m. stumble, 
obstacle, error. 

Tulipan, subs.com.m. tulip, (a 
flower.) 

Tumulto, subs.com.m. tumult, 
uproar, mob. 

Tunante, subs.com.m. a cunning, 
crafty, or sagacious rogue. 

Turbacion, subs.com.f. perturba- 
tion, confusion, disorder. 

u. 

Ufano-a, adj. proud, arrogant, 
haughty, cheerful, joyful. 

U'ltimo-a, adj. last, final, finish- 
ed. 

8 



Ultrage, subs.com.m. outrage, 
contempt, opprobrium. 

U'nico-a, adj. only, alone, sin- 
gular, excellent. 

Urbano-a, adj. polite, civil, cour- 
teous. 

Usado-a, part.adjec. used, worn 
out, skilful, versed. 

V. 

Vaciedad, subs.com.f. emptiness, 
vacuity, arrogant speech. 

Valentia, subs.com.f. valour, cou- 
rage, spirit. 

Valido, subs.com.m. favourite, 
predilect. 

Valido, part, been worth. From 
Valer, to be worth. 

Valiente, subs.com.m. bully, a 
valiant man. 

Valiente, adj. valiant, coura- 
geous, strong. 

Vanidad, subs.com.f. vanity, os- 
tentation, vain parade. 

Variedad, subs.com.f. variety, 
variation, inconstancy. 

Vasailo, subs.com.m. subject, 
vassal, slave. 

Vastago, subs.com.m. stem, bud, 
shoot. 

Vencido-a, adj. due, payable, 
conquered. 

Vencido, part, conquered. From 
Veneer, to conquer. 

Vendible, adj. saleable,vendible. 

Venero, subs.com.m. vein, root, 
source, course. 

Venganza, subs.com.f. revenge, 
vengeance. 

Venido, part, come, arrived. 
From Venir, to come: 



78 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



Ventaja, subs.com.f, advantage, 
preference. 

Ventana, subs.com.f. window, 
balcony. 

Ventero, stibs.com.m. innkeeper, 
landlord. 

Ventura, subs.com.f. fortune, 
success, luck, casualty. 

Veraces, adjp. true, real. 

Verano, subs.com.m. summer. 

Vergiienza, subs.com.f.' shame, 
diffidence. 

Versalles, subs.com.f. Versailles, 
a city of France. 

Vestido, subs.com.m. dress, suit, 
costume. 

Vestido-a, adj. dressed, empow- 
ered. 

Viagero, subs.co7n.m. traveller, 
passenger. 

Vicioso-a, adj. vicious, luxuri- 
ant, abundant. 

Victima, subs.com.f. victim, sa- 
crifice. 

Victoria, subs.com.f. victory, tri- 
umph, conquest. 

Viento, subs.com.m. wind,vanity. 

Vigilia, subs.com.f. vigil, watch, 
lucubration. 

Villano, subs.com.m. clown, vil- 
lain. 

Villano-a, adj. vulgar, rustic, 
wicked. 

Vinculo, sxibs.com.rn. tie, entail, 
charge. 



Violencia, subs.com.f. violence, 
compulsion, wrong. 

Violento-a, adj. violent, forced, 
irascible. 

Violeta, subs.com.f. violet, (a 
flower.) 

Virginal, adj. virginal, unconta- 
minated, pure. 

Virtelia, subs.prop.f Virtelia, a 
fictitious person in the works 
of Gracian. 

Virtuoso-a, adj. virtuous, power- 
ful, vigorous. 

Visage, subs.com.f. visage, gri- 
mace, contortion. 

Visible, adj. visible, evident. 

Vistoso-a, adj. beautiful, delight- 
ful, magnificent. 

Viterbo, subs.prop.m. Viterbo, a 
town in Italy. 

Vizcaino-a, subs.ccm. Vizcayan, 
(a native of Viscay, Spain.) 

Voceaddr, subs.com.m. vocifera- 
tion, eternal talker. 

Voluntad, subs.com.f. will, affec- 
tion, desire, disposition. 

z. 

Zagala, subs.com.f. swain, (a 

country girl.) 
Zamarra, subs.com.f. shepherd's 

dress (made of skins.) 
Zampdna, subs.com.f. bagpipe. 
Zapato, subs.com.m. shoe. 



LESSON IV 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



A. 

Abatido-a, adj. dejected, de- 
pressed, mean, base. 

Abertura, subs.com.f. aperture, 
way, commencement. 

Abrasado-a, part.adjec. burned, 
parched, dissipated, embrac- 
ed, From Mrasar, to burn 

Abrumado-a, part.abso. crushed, 
overwhelmed, teased. From 
•ftbrumar, to vex 

Absoluto-a, adj. absolute, ty- 
rannical, independent. 

Abstinencia, subs.com.f. absti- 
nence, forbearance. 

Abundancia, subs.com.f. abun- 
dance, plenty. 

Abundante, adj. abundant, plen- 
tiful, generous. 

Acabable, adj. finishable, (what 
can be terminated, or con- 
cluded.) 

Acabado-a, adj. terminated, con- 
cluded,finished, consummated. 

Accidente, subs.com.m. accident, 
chance, occurrence. 

Acreedor, subs.com.m. creditor, 
meritorious person. 

Acertado-a, adj. fit, proper, suc- 
cessful. 

Acertado, part, hit the right 
point, conjectured right, been 
successful. From Acertar, to 
have been successful- 



Aclamacion, subs.com.f. accla- 
mation, joy, cheering. 

Acogida, subs.com.f. reception, 
asylum, welcome. 

Acusado-a,adj.accused,charged, 

Acusado, part. accused,acknow~ 
ledged. From Jlcusar, to ac- 
cuse. 

Adelante, adv. higher up, far- 
ther off, henceforward. 

Adelante, inter, go on, proceed, 
come on. 

Admirable, adj. admirable, as~ 
tonishing, great. 

Admiracion, subs.com.f. admira* 
tion, wonder, surprise. 

Admirado-a, part.adjec. astonish- 
ed, surprised. 

Admirjido, part, admired, appre- 
ciated. From Jldmirar, to 
wonder. 

Admitido, part, admitted, re- 
ceived, acknowledged. From 
Jldmitir, to admit. 

Admitido-a, part.abso. being ad- 
mitted, being acknowledged. 

Adornado-a, part.adjec. orna- 
mented, , beautified, embel- 
lished. 

Adornado, part, adorned, em- 
bellished. From Jldornar, to 
adorn. 

Adulacion, subs.com.f. adulation, 
flattery. 

Adulador, subs.com.m. flattered 



80 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



Adultero-a, subs.com. adulterer. 

Adversidad, subs.com.f. misfor- 
tune, adversity, calamity. 

Afligido, part.adjec. afflicted, 
grieved, tormented. 

Afligido, part, aflicted, torment- 
ed. From Jlfligir, to torment. 

Afrentado, part.adjec. affronted, 
insulted. 

Afrentado, part, affronted, in- 
sulted, put to the blush. From 
JlfrerUar, to insult. 

Afrentoso-a, adj. ignominious, 
insulting. 

Agradable, ac?j. agreeable, pleas- 
ing. 

Agudeza, subs.com.f. acuteness, 
witticism, bon mot. 

\guilucho, subs.com.m. eaglet, 
Mm. of Jlguila, eagle. 

Agustfno, subs.cGm.m. Augustin, 
monk of the order of St. Au- 
gustin. 

Ahilado-a, part.adjec. emaciated, 
fainting, weak. 

Ahogado-a, subs.com. a drowned 
person. 

' Ahogado-a, adj. stifled, suffocat- 
ed, drowned. 

Alabado-a, part.adjec. praised, 
hallowed, flattered. 

Alabanza, subs.com.f. praise, ap- 
plause, rejoicing. 

Alcanzado, part, obtained, ac- 
quired, reached, From Alcan- 
zar, to obtain. 

Alcibiades, subs.prop.m. Alcibi- 
ades, an ancient personage, 
eminent for his personal at- 
tractions, and versatility of 
arenius. 



Alemania, subs.prop.f. Germany, 
a country in Europe. 

Algeciras, subs.prop. Algeciras-, 
a city of Spain. 

Apetito, subs.com.m. appetite, 
desire, anxiety, wish. 

Areopago, subs.com.m. Areopa- 
gus, or supreme tribunal. 

Aspenno-a, subscom. Asperian.. 
a native of y\sperina, a small 
town in Genoa. 

B. 

Barbinegro, subs.com.m. black 
bearded, a person having a 
black beard. From Barber, 
beard, and Negro, black. 

Bartolome, subs.prop.m Bartho- 
lomew, a man's name. 

Bastimento, subs.com.m. vessel, 
supply of provisions. 

Bellisimo-a,ac/j.sitper.most beau- 
tiful, most handsome. 

Beneficio, subs.com.m. benefit, 
favour, culture. 

Benefico, adj. beneficent, kind, 
benevolent. 

Bienhechora, subs.com.f. bene- 
factress. 

Buhonero-a, subs.csm. pedler. 

Bullicioso-a, adj. noisy, clamor- 
ous, turbulent, boisterous. 

c. 

Caballero, subs.com.m. knight, 

cavalier, gentleman. 
Cabellera, subs.com.f. long hair. 
Calamidad, subs.com.f. calamity. 

misfortune, devastation. 
Camarada, subs.com.f. comrade, 

companion. 




WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



81 



Cambronera, subs.com.f. thorn, 
bramble, brier. 

Campanudo-a, adj. wide, puffed 
up. 

Capacidad, subs.com.f. capacity, 
talents, abilities. 

Capitulo, subs.com.f. chapter, 
respect, charge, reason. 

Caramente, adj. dearly, bitterly, 
severely. 

Carinoso-a, adj. kind, affection- 
ate, desirous. 

Cartagines, subs.com.m. Cartha- 
genian. 

Casamiento, subs.com.m. marri- 
riage, wedding, nuptials. 

Casualidad, subs.com.f. casualty, 
chance, unforeseen event. 

Catdlico-a, subs.com. a catholic, 
one who professes the Roman 
Catholic religion. 

Catolico-a, adj. universal, infal- 
lible, catholic. 

Caudaloso-a, adj. mighty, pow- 
erful, (applied to rivers.) 

Cautamente, adv. cautiously, 
carefully. 

Cautiverio, sw6s.com.rn. captivi- 
ty, bondage. 

Cedulflla,sw&s.com./. ticket,card, 
slip of paper. 

Cegijunto, subs.com.m. a person 
having the eye-brows united. 
From Ceja, eye-brow, and 
Junto, together. 

Celebrado-a, adj. celebrated, 
renowned. 

€elebrado, part, celebrated, ap- 
plauded, exalted. From Cele- 
brar, to celebrate. 
8* 



Centinela, subs.com.f. sentinel, 
observer, 

Ceremonia, subs.com.f. ceremo- 
ny, rite. 

Circunspecto-a, adj. circum- 
spect, prudent, cautious. 

Circunstancia, subs.com.f. cir* 
cumstance,occurrence,event. 

Circunstante, subs.com.m. by- 
stander, beholder, spectator. 

Ciudadano, subs.com.m. citizen. 

Clavellina, subs.com.f. Spanish 
carnation, (a flower.) 

Cobijado-a, part.adjec covered, 
overspread, sheltered, pro- 
tected. From Cobijar, to cover. 

Colerico-a, adj. coleric, passion* 
ate, easily provoked. 

Colorado-a, adj. ruddy, scarlet 

' colour, blushing. 

Comarcano-a, adj. neighbour- 
ing, near, bordering upon. 

Cometido, part, committed, en- 
trusted, 
commit. 

Comisario, subs.com.m. commis^ 
sary, deputy. 

Comodidad, subs.com.f. commo- 
dity, ease, profit. 

Companero-a, subs.com. compa- 
nion, partner, associate. 

Comparacion, subs.com.f. com- 
parison, relation. 

Comparado, part.adjec. compas- 

ed 
Competente, adj. competent, fit, 

fit for, adequate. 
Complacencia, subs.com.f com- 
placency, satisfaction, grati- 
fication. 



82 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



Composicion, subs.com.f. compo- 
sition, adjustment. 

Comprehension, subs.com.f. com- 
prehension, understanding. 

Concedido, part, conceded, 
granted,bestowed. FromCon- 
cedcr, to grant. • 

Concertado, part, adjusted, set- 
tled, tuned. From Concerlar, 
to fix. 

Concurrencia, subs.com.f. con- 
currence, convention, assem- 
bly, club. 

Condenado, subs.com.m. precite, 
or a person doomed to suffer 
eternal punishment. 

Condenado-a.parJ adj. condemn- 
ed, disapproved. 

Condimento, subs.com.m. pru- 
dence, care, condiment. 

Cond\icidoa,part.adjec conduct- 
ed, carried, conduced. From 
Conducir, to conduct. 

Confianza,sw&s.com./. confidence, 
boldness, assurance. 

Congojoso-a, adj. afflictive, tor- 
menting, anxious. 

Conjurado-a, subs.com. conspi- 
rator, accomplice, "traitor. 

Conjurado, part, conjured, con- 
spired, exorcised. From Con- 
jurar, to conjure. 

Conocido-a, subs.com. acquaint- 
ance, renowned person. 

Gonocido-a, part.adjec. known, 
understood, experienced. 
From Conocer, to know. 
Conquistador, subs.com m. con- 
queror, victor. 
Consecuencia, subs.com.f. con- 
sequence, result, inference. 



Conseguido, part, obtained, ac 
complished, attained. From 
Conseguir, to attain 

Conservado, part, preserved, 
guarded, secured. 

Consolacion, subs.com.f. solace, 
consolation, comfort. 

Consolado-a, adj. consoled, so- 
laced, comforted. 

Conspiracion, subs.com f. con- 
spiracy, plot, cabal. 

Conspirador, subs.com.m. con- 
spirator. 

Continente, subs.com.m. counte- 
nance, mein, boldness. 

Contingente, subs.com.m. contin- 
gent, share. 

Contingente, adj. contingent, 
fortuitous. 

Continuado, part, continued, re- 
mained, protracted. From 
Continuar, to remain. 

Contradiccion, sabs.com f. con- 
tradiction, resistance, oppc*- 
sition. 

Contrapeso,s*tbs. cmn.m. counter- 
poise, equiponderance, coun- 
terbalance. 

Contrapuesto,j5«rf. at/jec. compar- 
ed, opposed, opposite. From 
Contraponer, to oppose. 

Contratiempo, subs.com.m mis- 
fortune, calamity, disappoint- 
ment,miscarriage,frustration. 
Contristado-a, part.adjec. afflict- 
ed, melancholy, saddened. 
Conveniente, adj. convenient,- 
useful, suitable, commodious. 
Conversacion, subs.com.f. con- 
versation, intercourse, fami- 
liarity, club. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



8, 



Gonvertido-a, subs.com.m. a con- 
vert. 

Convertido-a, adj. converted, 
changed, applied. 

Convidado-a, subs.com.m. guest, 
person invited. - 

Convidado-a, part.adjec. invited, 
allured, persuaded. 

Corderuela, subs com.f. small 
rope, dim. of Cuerda, rope. 

Corderuelo-a, subs.com. lambkin, 
dim. of Cordero, lamb. 

Corrompido-a, part.adjec. cor- 
rupted, seduced, bribed, sub- 
orned. 

Cortesano, subs.com.m. courtier. 

CortesSno-a, adj. courtly, cour- 
teous, gentle, polite. 

Cortinilla, subs.comf. a small 
curtain, dim. of Cortina, cur- 
tain. 

Crepusculo, subs. com.f. twilight, 
crepuscule. 

Cristalino-a, adj. cristaline, lim- 
pid, transparent. 

Cualesquiera, indefpron. any 
one, any body. 

Cultivado-a, adj. cultivated, cul- 
tured. 

Cultivado,parf. cultivated. From 
Cultivar, to cultivate. 

Cumbronera, subs.comf. thorn, 

bramble, brie?. 
Curiosidad, subs.comf. curiosity, 
rarity. 

D. 

Debilidad, subs.comf. debility, 
languor, pusillanimity. 

Declarado-ajmrf. adjec. declared, 
known, determined. 



Deleitoso-a, adj. agreeable, 
pleasing, delightful. 

Delicado-a, adj. delicate, pleas-: 
ing, effeminate, nice, slender, 
scrupulous, beautiful. 

Delicioso-a, adj. delightful, de* 
licious, pleasing. 

Delincuente, subs.com.m. delin- 
quent, culprit, prisoner. 

Delineado,parf.delineated,pour- 
trayed, sketched, described. 

Demostracion, subs.ccm.f. de- 
monstration, proof, manifes- 
tation. 

Deplorable, adj. deplorable, la- 
mentable, calamitous, bewail- ' 
ing. 

Depositario, subs.com.m. deposi- 
tary. 

Derramado-a, part.abso. shed, 
spilled, scattered, diffused, 
spread. From Derramar, to 
shed. 

Derribado-a, part.abso. demo- 
lished, overthrown, crushed. 
From Derribar, to demolish. 

Desabrido-a, adj. insipid, rug- 
ged, cragged, sour, hard. 

Desarmado-a, adj. disarmed, dis- 
banded, dismounted, pacified. 

Desarmado, part. disarmed. 
From Desarmar, to disarm. 

Desarreglado-a, adj. immoder- 
ate, in temperate, unrestrained. 

Desarreglado, part, disordered, 
discomposed, confounded. 

Descarado-a, subs.com. shame- 
less,impudent, barefaced per- 
son. 

Descarado, adj. impudent, pe- 
tulent, undisguised. 



84 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



Descomunal, adj. huge, ponder- 
ous, uncommon. 

Desconcierto, subs.com.m. con- 
fusion, discomposure, impru- 
dence, negligence 

Descontento, subs.com.m. discon- 
tent, dissatisfaction, displea- 
sure. 

Descubierto, subs.com.m. open 
air, wild, unroofed places. 

Descubierto-a, adj. uncovered, 
unprotected, defenceless, for- 
lorn. 

Descubierto, part, discovered, 
found out, disclosed, detected. 
From Descubrir, to discover. 

Descuidado-a, subs.com. a care- 
less, negligent, or absent per- 
son. 

Descuidado-a, adj. neglectful, 
careless. 

Descuidado, part, neglected, 
omitted. From Descuidar, to 
neglect. 

Desdichado-a, sw6s.com. an un- 
fortunate, miserable, or pitiful 
person. 

Desdichado, adj. unfortunate, 
unsuccessful, unhappy, miser- 
able. 

Desenfado, subs.com.m. calm- 
ness, coolness, tranquility, 
facility. 

Desenvuelto-a, adj. turbulent, 
forward, impudent, licen- 
tious. 

Desenvuelto, part, unfolded, un- 
ravelled, disentangled. From 
Desenvolver, to unfold. 

Desfallecido, part, faded, fallen 
away, fainted. 



Desgraciado-a, adj. unfortunate, 
unsuccessful, unlucky. 

Deshauciado-a, part.adjec. given 
up, (by the physicians.) 

Desinteres, subs.com.m. liberali- 
ty, disregard to one's own in- 
terest, void of selfishness, 
disinterestedness. 

Deslumbrado-a, adj. dazzled, 
confused, perplexed. 

Desmayado, adj. dismayed, sunk, 
appalled, discouraged. 

Despiadado a, adj. unmerciful, 
unrelenting, cruel, inhuman, 
profligate. 

Despojado-a, adj. stripped, un- 
dressed, bereft, deprived. 

Despojado, part, stripped, un- 
dressed, dismissed. FromDes- 
pojar, to strip. 

Despdtico-a, adj. despotic, abso- 
lute, tyrannical. 

Despreciado-a, part, depreciat- 
ed, despised, condemned. 
From Despreciar, to condemn. 

Desproveido-a, adj. unprovided, 
unprepared. 

Desterrado- a, sw6s.com. a per- 
son banished. From Desterrar, 
to banish. 

Desterrado-a, part, banished, 
obliterated. From Desterrar, 
to banish. 

Destinado-a,adj. destined,doom- 
ed, consigned. 

Destituido-a, part.abso. deprived, 
destitute, stripped. 

Destruccion, subs comf. destruc- 
tion, ruin, devastation. 

Desvalido-a. adj. helpless, des> 
titute, ardent* 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



85 



Desventura, subs.com.f. misfor- 
tune, calamity, misery 

Desvergiienza, subs.com.f. impu- 
dence, shameless word, or 
action, petulance. 

Detemdo-a, adj. sparing, parsi- 
monious, slow, inert. 

Detenido. part, stopped, detain- 
ed, arrested. From Detcner, 
to stop. 

Diferencia,sw6s.com./.difFerence, 
incongruity, misunderstand- 
ing. 

Dife rente, adj. different, dissi- 
milar, unlike. 

Dificultad, subs.com.f. embar- 
rassment, entanglement, ob- 
stacle. 

Dificultoso-a, adj. difficult, trou- 
blesome, hard. 

Diputado, subs.com.m. deputy, 
commissioner,representative. 

Discipulo, subs.com.m. scholar, 
student, pupil, disciple. 

Disgustado, part, disgusted, of- 
fended, displeased. From Dis- 
gustar, to disgust. 

Disminuido-a, part, diminished, 
impaired, detracted. From 
Disminuir, to diminish. 

Disolucion, subs.comf. dissolu- 
tion, libertinism, lewdness. 

Disposicion, subs.comf. disposi- 
tion, temper, inclination,turn, 
talents. 

Distintivo, subs.com.f. attribute, 
honour, distinctive mark. 

Distintfvo-a, adj. distinctive,dis- 
tinguishing. 

Distribuidor, subs.com.m. distri- 
butor, dispenser. 



Divertido-a, adj. amused, divert- 
ed. 

Divertido, part, diverted, amus- 
ed. From Divertir, to amuse. 

Divulgado-a, adj. divulged, pub- 
lished. 

Divulgado, part, divulged, pub- 
lished. From Dnulgar, to di- 

• vulge. 

Documento, subs.com.m. docu- 
ment, writing, instruction. 

Dolorido-a,adj. doleful, afflicted, 
grieved. 

Domestico, subs.com.m. servant, 
domestic. 

Domestico-a,ad/\ domestic,tame. 

Dominacion, subs.com.f. domi- 
nion, authority, commanding 
ground. 

Dramatico, subs.com.m. drama- 
tist. 

Dramatico-a, adj. dramatical. 

Dulcisimo-a, adj.super. most 
sweet, most pleasant, most 
agreeable. 

Duradero-a, adj. lasting^ dura- 
ble. 

E. 

EsceKno, subs.prop.m. Escelinus, 
a person's name. 

Economia, subs.com.f. economy, 
frugality. 

Ecsistencia, subs.com.f. life, vi- 
tality, existence. 

Edificio, subs.com.m. building, 
structure, edifice. 

Educacion, subs.com.f. instruc- 
tion, education. 

Egecucion,su&s.com./. execution^ 
performance, 



86 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABBES. 



Egerclcio, subs.com.m exercise, 
practice, employment, task. 

Egercito, subs.collecm. army, 
multitude. 

Elefante, subs.com.m. elephant. 

Elegancia, subs. com./, elegance. 

Elemento, subs.com. m. element. 

Elementos, subs.comm.p. ele- 
ments, rudiments, first prin- 
ciples. 

Elevacion, subs.com.f. elevation, 
rise, exaltation, altitude. 

Elevado-a, adj. elevated, great, 
magnanimous, sagacious. 

Elevado, part, raised, exalted, 
elevated. From Elevar, to ele- 
vate. 

Elocuencia, subs.com.f. elo- 
quence, oratory. 

Embajada, subs.com f. embassy, 
(public message.) 

Embajaddr, subs.com m. ambas- 
sador, (a messenger from a 
sovereign power.) 

Embargado, part, arrested, se- 
questered, restrained. From 
Embargar, to lay on an em- 
bargo. 

Embebido-a, part. imbibed, 
drenched, shrunk, enraptur- 
ed. From Emb»ber, to imbibe. 

Embeleco, subs.com.m. fraud, de- 
ceit, impostor. 

Embelezo, subs.com.m astonish- 
ment, wonder, object of 
amazement. 

Eminencia,su&s.com./. eminence, 
height, greatness. 

Eminente, adj. eminent, conspi- 
cuous, great, 



Empapado, part, drenched, sur- 
feited From Empapar, to 
soak. 

Empefiado, part, pawned, pledg- 
ed, engaged, obliged, bound. 
From Empehar, to intercede. 

Emperaddr, 5it6s.cam.rn. empe- 
ror, monarch. 

Emulacion, subs.com.f. emula- 
tion, envy. 

Encanti*o-a, adj. charmed, en- 
chanted, haunted. 

Encantado, part, charmed, en- 
chanted. From Encantar, to 
charm. 

Encantaddr, subs.com.m. charm- 
er, sorcerer. 

Encargado-a,p«rf . charged with, 
entrusted From Encargar, to 
charge with. 

Encendido-a, adj. incensed, ex- 
asperated, burning, infuri- 
ated. 

Encendido, part, burnt, kindled, 
set on fire. From Encender, 
to burn. 

Encerrado, part, shut up, con- 
fined, secluded. From Encen- 
der, to lock up. 

Encontrado, part, met, encoun- 
tered, found. From Encon- 
trar, to find. 

Enemigo, subs.com. enemy, op- 
ponent, antagonist. 

Enemigo-a, adj. inimical, hos- 
tile. 

Enemistad, subs.com.f. enmity, 
hatred, aversion. 

Enfermedad, subs.com.f. infirmi- 
ty, disease, damage, risk. 



» ■ 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



87 



Enganado,parf. deceived,cheat- 
ed, mistaken, duped. 

Enganaddr-a,sw&s.com.m. deceiv- 
er, impostor, scoundrel. 

Engaiidso, adj. deceitful, artful, 
crafty. 

Engastado-a, adj. incrustated, 
enchased,enclosed. FromJEn- 
gastar, to incrust. 

Enlazado, part, tied, bound, 
united, connected. From En- 
lazar, to bind. 

Enlutado, part, veiled, dressed 
in manning. From Enlutar, 
to veil. 

Entereza, subs.com f integrity, 
rectitude, fortitude, upright- 
ness. 

Entraiiable, adj. intimate, affec- 
tionate, dear. 

Entretanto, adv. meanwhile, in 
the mean time. 

Envidiado. part, envied. From 
Envidiar> to envy. 

Envididso, adj. envious, jealous, 
invidious. 

Epfcaris, subs.prop.f Epicharis, 
an ancient heroine, rendered 
immortal by the secrecy she 
observed, and the torments 
she endured. 

Escarlata, subs.com.f. scarlet. 

Escelencia, subs. com- f. excel- 
lence, eminence, excellency, 
(a title applied to persons of 
distinction.) 

Escelente, adj. excellent. 

Escesivo-a, adj. excessive, im- 
moderate, exorbitant. 

Esclamacion, subs.com.f. excla- 
mation, clamour, cheer. 



Esclavitud, subs.com.f. slavery, 
bondage, servitude. 

Escogido, part . chosen, selected, 
preferred. From Escoger, to 
select. 

Escondido, part. absconded,hid- 
den, concealed. From Escon- 
der, to conceal. 

Escrupulo, subs.com.m. scruple* 
hesitation, doubt. 

Escuchado, part, heard, listened 
to. From Eocuchar, to hear. 

Esforzado-a, adj. strong, va- 
liant, vigorous. 

Eshortacion, subs.com.f. exhor- 
tation, admonition, lecture. 

Espacioso a, adj. spacious,wide s 
roomy, slow. 

Espantado, part, surprised, as- 
tonished, terrified. From Es-> 
pantar, to frighten, 

Espantoso, adj, horrid, dreadful, 
wonderful. 

Esparcido, part, spread, scat- 
tered, diffused, promulgated. 
From Esparcir, to spread 

Espedicion, subs.com.f. expedi- 
tion, activity, readiness . 

Esperado, part. hoped ; expected, 
dreaded. From Esperar, to 
hope. 

Esperanza, subs.com.f. hope, ex- 
pectation. 

Esperiencia, subs.com.f. experi- 
ence, knowledge. 

Espinoso-a, adj. briery, thorny, 
arduous, rugged. 

Espirante, part.pres. breathing, 
expiring, respiring. 

Espiritu, subs.com.m, spirit, sou],, 
genius,, inclination. 



88 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



Esplendente, adj. shining, res- 
plendent, radiant. 

Espresion, siibs.com /. expres- 
sion, word. 

Espumoso-a, adj. frothy, spungy, 
furious, agitated. 

Esqueleto, subs.com.m. skeleton, 
a lean person. 

Esquisito-a, adj. exquisite, curi- 
ous, consumate. 

Estallido, subs.com.m. noise,con- 
fusion, sound. 

Estatura, subs.com.f. stature, 
height. 

Estatuto, subs.com.m. statute, 
law, ordinance. 

Estenuado, part, extenuate, di- 
minished. From Estenuar, to 
extenuate. 

Estimable, adj. amiable, estima- 
ble, valuable. 

Estimacion, subs.cotn.f. esteem, 
love. 

Estragado, part, destroyed, ru- 
ined, disfigured. From Estra- 
gar, to vitiate. 

Estrangero, subs.com.m. stran- 
ger, foreigner, alien- 

Estrangero, adj. foreign, exte- 
rior. 

Estrechez, subs.com/. narrow- 
ness, intimacy, austerity, po- 
verty. 

Estrechura, subs.com.f. narrow- 
ness, austerity, danger, fami- 
liarity 

Estremidad, subs.com.f. extre- 
mity, excess. 

Estrepito, subs.com.m. noise, cla- 
mour. 



Estudiante, subs.com.m. student, 

scholar, pupil. 
Eternidad, subs.com.f. eternity, 

long continuance. 

F. 

Fabricado, part. built,construct- 
ed, manufactured, devised. 
From Fabricar, to fabricate. 
Facilidad, subs.com/. facility, 

ease, levity, licentiousness. 
Fatigado, part, fatiguea, tired, 
molested, hurried. From Fa- 
tigar, to fatigue. j, 
Favorable, adj. favourable, ad- 
vantageous, propitious. 
Favorecido, part, favoured, pro- 
tected. From Favorecer, to 
protect. 
Felicidad, subs.com/. felicity, 

happiness, success. 
Ferocidad, subs,com./. ferocity, 

cruelty. 
Fertilidad, subs.com/. fertility, 

fecundity, plenty. 
Filosof la, subs. com./, philosophy, 
(the science which treats of 
the essence, properties, and 
modifications of things.) 
Fildsofo, subs.com.m. philoso- 
pher. 
Fildtimo, subs.prop.m. Philotom, 

a man's name. 

Finalmente, adv. finally,in short. 

Fortaleza, subs. com./ fortress, 

fortitude, strength, firmness. 

Fragilidad, subs. com./, fragility, 

weakness, debility. 
Fundamento, subs.com.m. foun- 
dation, origin, basis. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



89 



G. 



xom.m. cabinet, 



Gabinete, 
closet. 

Garcilaso, subs.prop.m. Garcila- 
so, one of the most elegant 

* and the most celebrated Spa- 
nish poets. 

Generation, subs com.f. genera- 
tion, progeny, age. 

Generoso-a, adj. generous,liber- 
al,noble,magnanimous, frank. 

Genofonte, subs.prop.m. Xeno- 
phon, a celebrated Athenian 
general, historian, and philo- 
sopher. 

Geqtileza, subscom.f gentee] ad- 
dress, ease, ostentation, po- 
liteness. 

Gentilhombre, subs.com.m. no- 
bleman, lord, gentleman. 

Gesucristo, subs.prop.m. Jesus 
Christ. 

Gigantesco-a, adj. gigantic. 

Gitaneria, subs com f. art, trick, 
wheedling, flattery. 

Gitamllo-a, subs- com. little gyp- 
sey, dim. of Gitano, gypsey. 

Gitanfsmo, subs.collec.m. the 
whole body of gypsies. 

Gobernador, subs.cem.m. gover- 
nor, ruler. 

Gondolero,sti6s.com,.?n. boatman. 

Grandisimo-a, adj.super. most 
great, most excellent. 

Gravisimo-a,ady.swper.most pon- 
derous, most momentous, 
most important, most serious. 

Guarnecido, part, garnished, or- 
namented, garrisoned. From 
Quarnecer, to ornament. 



H. 



Habitacion, subs.com.f. habita- 
tion,abode,mansion,dwelling. 

Habitador, subs.com.m. inhabi- 
tant, resident. 

Habitante, subs.com.m. inhabi- 
tant, resident. 

Halhagado, part, allured, cajol- 
ed, flattered, caressed. From 
Halhagar, to attract. 

Heredero, subs.com. heir. 

Hermosura, sabs.com f. beauty, 
symmetry. 

Herodoto, subs.prop.m. Hero- 
dotus, a celebrated historian 
of antiquity. 

Herreruelo, subs com.m. a long 
cloak, a small piece of iron. 

Herrezuelo, subs.com.m. a small 
piece of iron, dim. of Hierro s 
iron. 

Hidrdpico, adj. hydropic, (dis- 
eased with the dropsy.) 

Hipocresla, subs.com.f. hypocri- 
sy, dissimulation. 

Hipdcrita, subs.com. hypocrite; 

Hipocrita, adj. hypocritical, dis- 
sembling. 

Historiaddr, subs.com.m. histori- 
an, narrator. 

Homenage, mbs.com m. homage. 

Honestidad, subs.com f. honesty, 
moderation, modesty, urba- 
nity. 

Horrisono-a, adj. thundering, 
clanking. 

Hostilidad, subscom.f. hostility. 

Humanidad, subs.com.f. humani-? 
ty, benevolence* 



mm 



90 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



Humanidades,su6s.cow./.p.belles 
lettres, rhetoric, philology. 

Humildad, subs. com./, humility, 
submission, meanness. 

Humillacion, subs.com.f. humili- 
ation. 

I. 

Idolatra, subs.com m. idolater. 

Ignorancia, subs.com.f. igno- 
rance, stupidity. 

Igualmente, adv. equally. 

Ilicito-a, adj. illicit, unlawful. 

Impaciencia, subs.com.f. impa- 
tience, vehemence of temper. 

Impaciente, adj. impatient. 

Impedido, part, impeded, obtru- 
ded, prevented. From Impe- 
dir, to impede. 

Importancia, subs.com.f. impor- 
tance, consequence. 

Importuno-a, adj. importune, 
vexatious. 

Imposible, adj. impossible, im- 
practical, unfeasible. 

Imprudente, adj. imprudent, in- 
discreet. 

Incesante, adj. incessant, with- 
out intermission. 

Inclemencia, subs.com.f. incle- 
mency, rigour, severity. 

Inconstancia, subs.com.f. incon- 
stancy, volatility, fickleness. 

Inconstante, adj. inconstant, 
changeable, volatile. 

Incumbencia, subs.com.f. incum- 
bency, duty. 

Indigencia,su6s. comf. indigency, 
poverty, penury. 

Indignacidn, subsx^mf. indigna- 
tion, contemptible anger. 



Indiscreto-a, adj. indiscreet, in- 
cautious, inordinate. 

Indispuesto-a, adj. indisposed, 
ill, having some misunder- 
standing. 

Individuo, subs.comm. individu^ 
al,(a single, particular person 
or thing.) 

Infalible, adj. infallible, (not 
liable to error,) certain. 

Infinito-a, adj. infinite, bound- 
less, immense. 

Inflamado-a, adj. inflamed, in- 
censed, heated. 

Inflamado, part, inflamed, kin- 
dled. From lnflamar, to in- 
flame. 

Inflecsible, adj. inflexible, inex- 
orable, stern, unbending. 

Insensible, adj. insensible, cal- 
lous, frigid, cold. 

Ingenidso-a, adj. ingenious, in- 
ventive. 

Ingenuidad, subs.com.f. ingenu- 
ousness, candour. 

Inglaterra, subs.prop.f England, 
the most considerable part 
of Great Britain. 

Ingratitud, subs.com.f. ingrati- 
tude, ungratefulness. 

Inhumano-a, adj. inhuman, bru- 
tal, beastly. 

Injuridso-a, adj. injurious, con- 
tumelious, reproachful. 

Inmediato-a, adj. immediate, 
contiguous. 

Iumensidad, subs.com.f. immen- 
sity, infinity. 

Immutable, adj. immutable, in- 
variable, unalterable. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



91 



Inocencia, sit&s.co?n./. innocence, 
purity, modesty, sincerity, 
simplicity. 

Inocente, adj. innocent, pure, 
simple. 

Insaciable, adj. greedy, insatia- 
ble. 

Insensato, subs.com.m. a stupid, 
thoughtless, or foolish person. 

Insensato-a, adj. stupid, thought- 
less, foolish. 

Insensible, adj. insensible, cal- 
lous, unfeeling. 

Insertado, part, inserted, intro- 
duced. 

•Insipido-a, adj. insipid, tasteless, 
unpleasant, uninteresting. 

Insitacion, subs.com.f. excite- 
ment ; motion, stimulant. 

Jnsolente, adj. insolent, impu- 
dent, shameless, unaccus- 
tomed. 

Insondable, adj. bottomless, un- 
fathomable, inscrutable, un- 
searchable. 

Inspiration, subs.com.m. inspira- 
tion, infusion, breathing. 

Instructivo-a, adj. instructive, 
conveying knowledge. 

Instrumento, subs.com.m. instru- 
ment. 

Insufrible, adj. insufferable, in- 
tolerable, not to be borne, or 
endured. 

Integridad, subs.com.f. integrity, 
purity, whole, virginity. 

Intencion, subs.com.f. intention, 
purpose, design, view. 

Intimidad, subs.com.f. intimacy, 
familiarity, acquaintance, ha- 
bitude. 



Intrepidez, subs.com.f. intrepidi- 
ty, boldness, temerity. 

Intrepido-a, adj. intrepid, bold, 
daring. 

Inurbano-a, adj. impolite, rude, 
uncivil, uncooth. 

Invencion, subs.com.f. invention, 
discovery, artifice. 

Inventado-a, adj. invented, dis- 
covered, feigned. 

Inventado.prt?'f. invented. From 
Inveniar, to invent. 

Invisible, adj. invisible, imper- 
ceptible. 

Invocacion, sxibs.com.f. invoca- 
tion, prayer, supplication. 

Iracundo-a, adj. passionate, iras- 
cible, enraged, furious. 

Irracional, subs.com.m. brute. 

Irracional, adj. irrational, stu- 
pid, void of reason. 

Irrisible, adj. laughable, risible. 

J. 

Jardinero-a, subs.com. gardener. 

Jesucristo, subs.prop.m. Jesus 
Christ. 

Jerusalen, subs.prop.m. Jerusa- 
lem, an ancient and celebrat- 
ed city in Asia, capital of the 
ancient Judea, and now, of 
the modern Palestine. 

Jocosidad, subs com.f. gayety, 
mirth, merriment, jocularity. 

Juanetudo-a, adj. massy, bony, 
flat.' 

Juanoteria, subs.prop.m. Juano- 
teria,thenameof amarquisate 
in the anecdotes of Corpas. 

Jubilado-a, adj. exempt, free, 
rejoiced. 



92 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



Jubilado-a, part, rejoiced, ex- 
empt. From Jubilar, to re- 
joice. 

Juntamente, adv. jointly, toge- 
ther, at the same time. 

Jurisdiccion, subs.com.f. juris- 
diction, legal authority, dis- 
trict. 



Lamentable, adj. lamentable, 
deplorable, unfortunate, mi- 
serable. 

Legalidad, subs.com.m. legality, 
fidelity, punctuality. 

Levantado, part, raised, risen, 
lifted up, elevated, standing 
up, from Levantar, to rise. 

Libertino, subs.com.m. a rake, a 
libertine. 

Liber tfno-a, adj. libertine, irre- 
ligious, dissolute. 

Licenciado, subs.com.m. licenci- 
ate, (a graduate of master in 
arts in a university of Spain,) 
licenciate, a title given by the 
yulgar to any one who wears 
long robes. 

Ligereza, subs.com.f. levity, in- 
constancy, fickleness, agility, 
unchastity. 

Limitado-a, adj. limited, com- 
mon, indifferent, (in capa- 
city.) 

Lisongeado, part flattered, 
praised. From Lisongear, to 
praise. 

Lisongero-a, subs.com. flatterer, 
praiser. 

Linsongero-a, adj. flattering, 
pleasing. 



Literario, subs.com.m. a literary 
gentleman. 

Literario-a, adj. literary. 

Locuacidad, subs.com.f. loquaci- 
ty, garrulity, talk 

Lori'danOjSu&s.prop.jn.Loredano, 
a chief of Cochin, a city of 
India. 

LL. 

Llamado-a, adj. called, named., 

termed. 
Llamado, part, called. From 

Llamar, to call. 

M. 

Maestresala, su6s.com.wi. usher, 
(first waiter.) 

Magiscatzin, subsprop.m. Magis- 
catzin, the name of a great 
Mexican Indian, who always, 
showed himself in favour of 
the Spaniards. 

Magnanimo-a, adj. magnani- 
mous, generous, noble, open. 

Magnlfico-a, adj. magnificent, 
splendid, grand. 

Male vol o-a, adj. malignant, ma- 
levolent, wicked. 

Malicioso-a, adj. malicious, sus- 
picious, bad. 

~Ma.\trata.do-3i, part.adjec abused, 
illy treated, maltreated, des- 
troyed. From Maltratar, to 
treat illy. 

Manantial, subs.com.m. spring, 
source, fountain, beginning. 

Manecxlla, subs.com.f. small, 
pretty hand, dim. of Mono, 
hand. 



■■ 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



93 



Mansedumbre, subs.com.f. meek- 
ness, gentleness, peaceful- 
ness. 

Maravilla, subs.com.f. wonder, 
admiration. 

Maravilloso-a, adj. wonderful, 
marvellous. 

Mariposa, subs.com.f. butter-fly, 
rush- light. 

Marquesado, subs.com.f. marqui- 
sate, (the seigniory, or terri- 
tory of a marquis.) 

Marquesito, subs.com.m. young 
marquis, dim. of Marques, 
marquis. 

Matrimdnio, subs.com.m. matri- 
mony, marriage. 

Mayorddmp, subs.com.m. stew- 
ard, major domo. 

Mecanico-a, subs.com. a mecha- 
nick. 

Mecanico-a, adj. mechanical, 
(accomplished by hand,) mer- 
cenary, mean. 

Medicina, subs.com.f. medicine, 
physick. 

Medicinal, adj. medicinal, (hav- 
ing the power of healing.) 

Mediocridad, subs.com.f. medi- 
ocrity, (middle rate,) small 
degree. 

Meditacion, subs.com.f. medita- 
tion, profound thought, con- 

- templation. 

Melaneolia, subs.comf. melan- 
choly, gloominess, depression. 

Memorable, adj. memorable, 
(worthy of memory.) 

Menosprecio, subs.com.m. con- 
tempt, scorn, disregard. 
9* 



Mensagero, subs.com.m. messen- 
ger. 

Mentecato-a, subs.com. a silly, 
or foolish person. 

Mentecato-a, adj. silly, foolish, 
stupid. 

Mentirdso-a, subs.com, liar, (he 
who tells falsehoods.) 

Mentirdso-a, adj. lying, erro- 
neous, incorrect. 

Mercaderia,sw6s. comf merchan- 
dize, goods, effects. 

Mereceddr-a, adj. deserving, 
worthy, meritorious. 

Meridional, subs.com.m. south- 
ern. 

Ministerio, subs.com.m. office, 
ministry. 

Miserable, subs.com.m. a miser- 
able wretch, an indigent per- 
son, a despicable miser. 

Miserable, adj. poor, miserable,, 
unfortunate. 

Misteridso-a, adj. mysterious, 
dark, obscure. 

Moderacidn, subs.com.f. moder- 
ation, temperance, frugality, 

Monipddia, subs.prop.m.. Moni- 
podia, a personage in the 
works of Cervantes. 

Montezuma, subs.prop.m. Mon- 
tezuma, the last Indian em- 
peror of Mexico. 

Movimiento, subs.com.m. move- 
ment, motion, disturbance, 
revolt. 

Muchedumbre, subs.com.f. mul- 
titude, abundance, plenty. 

Muchisimo-a, adj supfr. very 
much, extremely *\ 



94 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



Mulatero, subs.com.m. jockey, 
mule-driver. 

Murmuracion, subs.coin.m. mur- 
mur, calumny, slander. 

Mutuamente, adv. mutually. 

N, 

Nacarado-a, adj. pearl colour, 
set with pearl. 

Nacimiento, subs.coin.m. birth, 
nativity, commencement, ori- 
gin, rising. 

Navegacion, subs.com.f. naviga- 
tion, passage. 

Necesario-a, adj. necessary, in- 
dispensable, requisite. 

Necesidad, subs.com.f. necessity, 
need, cogency. 

Negoculnte, suhs.com.m. mer- 
chant, trader, dealer. 

Nicotralo, subsprop.m. Nico- 
trates, an ancient tyrant of 
Gyrene, in Lybia. 

Nubecilla, sit6s.com/. small 
cloud, dim. of JVYt&e, cloud. 

Nuevamente, adv. newly, re- 
cently. 

Numantmo-a, stt6s.com. Nuraan* 
tine, (a native of Numantia, 
an ancient city in Spain.) 

Numantino-a, adj. Numantine, 
any thing relating to Numan- 
tia. 

Numeroso-a, adj. numerous, 
harmonious, melodious. 

O. 

Obediencia, subs.com.f. obedi- 
ence, submission, precept, 
docility. 



Obligacion, subs.com.f. obliga- 
tion, contract, provision-of- 
fice!!* 

Obscuridad, subs.com.f. obscuri- 
ty, darkness, confusion. 

Observancia, subs.com.f. observ- 
ance, respect, reverence, 
careful obedience. 

Obstinacion, subs.com f obstina- 
cy, stubbornness, obduracy. 

Obstinado-a, part.adjec. deter- 
mined, obstinate, obdurate. 

Ocupacion, subs.com.f. occupa- 
tion, employment, profession. 

Ocupado-a, part.adjec. occupied, 
employed, inhabited, disturb- 
ed. From Ocupar, to occupy. 

Ocurrencia, subs.com f. occur- 
rence, event, incident. 

Ofendido-a, part adjec. offended, 
affronted, vexed, injured, dis- 
pleased. 

Olavides, subs prop.m. Olavides, 
one of the classic authors in 
the Spanish language. He is 
particularly distinguished for 
having written a work entit- 
led, El trlunfo del Evangelic, 
the triumph of the gospel. 

Oloroso-a, adj. odoriferous, 

smelling, fragrant. 
Operacion, subs.com f. opera- 
tion, action. 
Oportuno-a, adj. opportunely, 
betimes, seasonable, conve- 
nient. 
Oposici6n,stt6s.co?n/ opposition, 

contradiction, competition. 
Opulencia, subs.com.f. opulence, 
wealth, riches. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



K !,. 



Ordenado-a, part.adjec. order- 
ed, commanded, ordained, 
(having received holy or- 
ders.) 

Ordenanza, subs.com.f. method, 
order, law, ordinance, corpo- 
ral, (attending an officer.) 

Ordinario, subs.com.m. daily ex- 
pense, judge, decree, mail 
carrier. 

Ordinario-a, adj. ordinary, 
coarse, usual. 

OrgulJoso-a, adj. proud, haugh- 
ty, brisk, active. 

Oscuridad, subs.com.f. obscurity, 
darkness, confusion. 

Ostentacion, subs.com.f. ostenta- 
tion, outward show, vain dis- 
play. 

Ostentado, part, demonstrated, 
bragged, praised. From Os- 
tentar, to be fond of ambitious 
displays. 

Ostentado-a, adj. ostentatious, 
fond of display. 

Otomano-a, subs.com. Ottoman, 
Turk. 

Otomano-a, adj. Ottoman, relat- 
ing to the Turkish empire. 

P. 

Pajarillo, subs.com.m. small bird, 

dim. of Pdjaro, bird. 
Paralelo, subs.com.m. parallel, 

comparison, match. 
Parecido-a, adj. resembling, 

like, favouring. 
Parecido, part, appeared, found 

out, approved. From Parecer, 

to appear. 



Parentesco, subs.com.m. kindred, 
consanguinity, relationship, 
union, link. 

Particular, subs.com.m. private 
gentleman, matter, subject, 
particular. 

Particular, adj. particular, pe- 
culiar, special, singular. 

Pastorctllo-a, subs.com. a small, 
pretty shepherd, or shepher- 
dess, dim. of Pastor, shepherd. 

Pataviano-a, subs.com Patavian, 
(a native of Patavium, now 
•Padua, in Italy.) 

Pataviano-a, adj. Patavian, ref- 
lating to Patavium. 

Pavonado-a, part.adjec. blueish. 
From Pavonar, to give iron op 
steel a blueish colour. 

Pececillo, subs.com m. small fish, 
dim- of Pez, or Pezcadd, a fish. 

Pedregoso-a, adj. stony, cragged, 
rugged. 

Peligroso-a, adj. dangerous, pe- 
rilous, venturous, hazardous. 

Peninsula, subs.com.m. a penin- 
sula, or a portion of land al- 
most surrounded by water; 
hence Spain is frequently 
called the Peninsula. 

Penitencia, subs.com.f. atone- 
ment, penance, privation- 

Pensamiento, subs.com.m. 

thought, idea, design. 

Pensatlvo-a, adj. pensive, 
thoughtful, reflective, cau- 
tious. 

Percibido, part, perceived, re- 
ceived, comprehended. From 
Percibir, to receive. 



96 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABIZES. 



Peregriho, subs.com.m. a pilgrim. 

Peregrino-a, adj. wandering, 
forcing, most exquisite, beau- 
tiful, or wonderful. 

Perjudicial, adj. prejudicial, 
hurtful, injurious. 

Pernicidso-a adj. pernicious, 
mischievous, destructive. 

Perseguido-a, part.adjec perse- 
cuted, followed, pursued, ha- 
rassed. 

Personage, subs.com.m. charac- 
ter, personage, (a person of 
eminence ) 

Persuadldo-a, part.adjec. per- 
suaded, satisfied, convinced, 
sensible. 

PersuasTvo-a, adj. persuasive, 
pathetic. 

Pesadumbre, subs. com./, sorrow, 
grief, affliction. 

Pestifero-a, adj. pestiferous, 
mischievous. 

Pestilente, adj. pestilent, per- 
nicious. 

Pitagoras, subt.prop.m. Pythago- 
ras, a celebrated philosopher 
of antiquity. 

Poderdso-a. adj. powerful, migh- 
ty, wealthy, eminent. 

Polftico-a, adj. p jjite, courteous, 
politic, (relating to policy or 
politics ) 

Poltroneria, suks.com.f. supine- 
ness, idleness, laziness. 

Polvareda, subs. com f. cloud of 
dust, altercation, dispute. 

Pomposidad, subs com.f. ostenta- 
tion, magniucent show, bom- 
bast, pbmpo.usness. 



Pontifice, subs.com.m. pope, pon 
tiff, (the supreme head of the 
Roman Catholic church.) 

Preciosidad, subs.com.m. preci- 
ousness, excellence, worth, 
merit. 

Precipicio, subs.com m preci- 
pice, (a steep height, or a vi- 
olent fall,) destruction. . 

Preferable, adj. preferable, eli- 
gible, worthy of preference. 

Presumido-a, part.substan. a pre- 
sumptuous, bold, vain, or pe- 
tulant person. 

Presumido, part, presumed, ar- 
rogated. From Presumir, to 
suppose. 

Presuroso-a, adj. hasty, prompt, 
light. 

Pretendiente, subs.com.m. can- 
didate, suitor, lover, solicitor. 

Primitlvo-a, adj. primitive, ori- 
ginal. 

Primoroso-a, adj. neat, elegant, 
exquisite, pretty, dexterous. 

Principado, subs.c0m.7n. princi- 
pality, power, pre-eminence. 

Prisionero, sub.com.m prisoner, 
culprit. 

Prodi.cido,sufrs.co/n.?n. proceeds, 
(the value obtained from any 
merchandize sold.) 

Producido, part. produced, 
brought forth, exhibited, 
maintained. From Producir, 
to produce. 

Profundidad, subs. com.f. profun- 
dity, depth, intensity, excel- 
lence. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



97 



Prolongado-a, adj. prolonged, 
extended, procrastinated, de- 
layed. 

Prontamente, adv. quickly, 
promptly. 

Propiamente, adv. properly, re- 
gularly, orderly. 

Propdsito, subs.comm. inclina- 
tion, purpose, design, purport. 

Prospendad, subs.com.f. prospe- 
rity, success, good fortune, 
luck. 

Protectora, subs.com.f. .protec- 
tress, benefactress. 

Protestacidn, subs.com.f. protes- 
tation, protest, solemn decla- 
ration. 

Provechdso-a, adj. profitable, 
beneficial, advantageous. 

Providencia, subsprop.f. Provi- 
dence, (the Ruler of the uni- 
verse.) 

Providencia, subs comf provi- 
dence, foresight, order of 
things. 

Puntualmente, adv. punctually, 
exactly. 

Purisimo-a, adj.super. most pure, 
mo3t chaste, perfectly free 
from all contamination. 



Quebrantado, part, broken, 
cracked, persuaded, violated, 
fatigued, annulled. From 
Quebrantar, to vex. 

R. 

Razonado, pait. reasoned, dis- 
coursed, talked, conversed. 
From Razonar, to reason. 



Rebutido, part . filled up, stuffed, 
overcharged. Rebutir, to fill 
up. 

Recamado, part, encrusted, em- 
broidered, ornamented, vari- 
egated. From Recamar, to em- 
broider with raised work. 

Recatado-a, part.substan. a mo- 
dest, composed, prudent, or 
cautious person. 

Recfttado-a, part.adjec. conceal- 
ed, cautiously guarded, ap- 
prehensive, prudent. 

Reeibido, part, received, ac- 
cepted, imbibed, experienc- 
ed. From Recibir, to receive* 

Reciproco-a,ad/'. reciprocal, mu- 
tual. 

Reclinado-a, part.adjec. reclin- 
ed, leaning back, leaning up- 
on. From Reciinar, to lean. 

Recogfdo-a, pan.adjec collect- 
ed, secluded, sheltered, lock- 
ed up, gathered. 

Recompensa, subs.com.f. reward, 
recompense. 

Recdndito-a, adj. recondite, se- 
cret, concealed. 

Reducldo-a, part.adjec. reduced, 
converted, commuted, des- 
troyed, crushed to. 

Reflejado-a, part, reflected, (the 
rays of light.) 

Reformado-a, part.adjec. reform- 
ed, corrected, restored, dis- 
charged. 

Regaiado-a, part.abso. regaled, 
refreshed, caressed, auspici- 
ously received. From Regalar, 
to cherish. 



98 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



Regoeijo, subs.com m. joy, plea- 
sure, delight, rejoicing. 

Religidso-a, adj. religious, strict, 
pious. 

Rendimiento, subs.c0m.7n. sub- 
mission, humiliation, delive- 
ry. 

Repentino-a, adj. sudden, subi- 
taneous, unexpected. 

Repetido-a, adj. repeated, reiter- 
ated. 

Repetido, part, demanded re- 
peatedly, repeated (the les- 
son,) repeated. From Repetir, 
to repeat. 

Reposado-a, adj. tranquil, peace- 
ful, quiet. 

Reposado. part, reposed, rested, 
settled. From foposa; to re- 
pose. 

Reprimfuo-a, part, repressed, 
refrained, contained. From 
Meprimir, to repress. 

Repuuhca subs com/, republic, 
commonwealth. 

Reputacion, subs.cnmf reputa- 

'. tion, fame, character, credit. 

Resistencia, svhs.com.f. resis- 
tance, opposition, defence. 

Respectivo-a, adj. respective, 
relative. 

Respetable, adj. respectable, 
honourable, worthy of con- 
sideration. 

Retirado-a, part.abso. retired, 
secluded, concealed. 

Retirado, pan. withdrawn, re- 
tired, sheltered. 

Revelaeidn, subs. com./, revela- 
tion. 



Reverencia, subs.com.f. respect, 
veneration, reverence, (a title 
given in Spain to clergymen.) 

Revestido-a, adj. invested with, 
excited, or elated by. 

Revestldo, part, dressed, repair- 
ed, swayed. From Revestir, to 
revest. 

Revolucidn subs.com.f. revolu- 
tion, change, sedition, com- 
motion. 

Ridiculo-a, adj. ridiculous, con- 
temptible, strange, despica- 
ble. 

Rigurdso-a, adj. severe, rigor- 
ous strict, exact. 

Riquisimo-a, adj. super, most rich 
or wealthy, most exquisite, 
most excellent. 

Rocinante, subs.prop.m. Roci- 
nante, (a name given to a 
horse, in Don Quixote, a no- 
vel by Cervantes,) a misera- 
ble clown. 

Romanesco, sttb5.com.1n. any vul- 
garity of the low Genoese. 

Rubicundo-a, adj. reddish, ru- 
bicund. 

Rubricado-a, part.adjec. marked 
with red colour, annexed a 
flourish, subscribed. 

Rusticidad, subs.com.f. rusticity, 
simplicity, asperity, rudeness. 



Sabiddr-a, subs.ccm. a learned, 
well informed person, one 
acquainted with any peculiar 
circumstance. 

Sabiddr-a,arfj. knowing,learned*. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



99 



Sabiduria, subs.com.f wisdom, 
knowledge, prudence. 

Sacerdote, subs.com.m. clergy- 
man, priest. 

Sagacidad, subs.com f. sagacity, 
acuteness, quickness of ap- 
prehension. 

Salamanca, subs.prop.f. Salaman- 
ca, a city in Spain, renowned 
for its university. 

Saludable,' adj. wholesome, 
healthful, salutary, healthy. 

Saludado, part, saluted, greeted, 
fired a salute. From Saludar, 
to demonstrate joy. 

Santisimo-a,rtfi/..supe?'. most holy, 
most sanctified. 

Satirico-a, subs.com. satirist, (he 
who writes satires.) 

Satirico-a, adj. satirical, censo- 
rious, full of invectives. 

Satisfaccidn, subs.com.f satis- 
faction, atonement, recom- 
pense. 

Satisfecho-a, adj. arrogant, con- 
fident. 

Satisfecho, part satisfied, expi- 
ated, or atoned, freed from 
suspense or doubt. From Sa- 
tisfacer, to give satisfaction. 

Sazonado-a, adj. ripe, seasoned, 
timely, convenient. 

Secretario, subs com. m. secreta- 
ry, clerk, confident. 

Semejable, adj. like, similar, 
resembling. 

Semejante, subs.com.m. fellow- 
being. 

Seinejante, adj. like, as, similar. 

SemejansH, subs.com.f. simili- 
tude, resemblance, likeness. 



Sentenciado-a, subs.com.p. a per- 
son sentenced to death, or 
condemned to any punish- 
ment. 

Sentenciado-a, adj. sentenced, 
condemned. 

Sentimiento, subs.com.m. senti- 
ment, feeling, perception, 
grief, resentment. 

Seiialado-a, adj. signalized, fa- 
mous. 

Senalado-a,p«r£. marked, stamp- 
ed, determined, indicated. 
Frum Senalar, to show. 

Seiiorito, subs com.m. a young 
gentleman, dim. of Sefior, gen- 
tleman. 

Senorita subs.com.f. a young 
lady, dim. of Se~wra, lady. 

Sepultura, subs.com.f. sepulchre, 
tomb, grave. 

Serenidad, subs.comf. serenity, 
mildness, serene highness, (a 
title of honour.) 

Servidumbre, subs.com.f. servi- 
tude, slavery, bondage, estab- 
lishment of servants. 

Severidad, subs.com.f. severity, 
rigour, austerity, punctuality. 

Simplicidad, subs.com.f. simpli- 
city, plainness. 

Sinceridad, subs.com.f. sincerity, 
candour, frankness, purity of 
mind. 

Soberano, subs.com.m the so- 
vereign, the king. 

Soberano-a, adj. sovereign, 
(holding supreme power.) 

Sobrecejo subs.com.m. frown, 
supercilious aspect. 



100 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. ' 



Solauaente, adv. only, alone, 
solely. 

Solemnidad, subs.com.f. solemni- 
ty, pomp, magnificence, for- 
mality. 

Solicito-a, adj. solicitous, anxi- 
ous, desirous, careful. 

Sorprendido, part: surprised, 
executed. From Sorprender, 
to execute any thing silently. 

Sosegado-a, adj. peaceful, quiet, 
tranquil. 

Sosegado, part, appeased, calm- 
ed, pacified, quelled, compos- 
ed. From Sosegar, to quell. 

Subsistencia, subs.com.f. subsis- 
tence, maintenance, stability. 

Sucedido, part, happened, taken 
place, come to pass. From 
Suceder, to happen. 

Sucesivo, subs.com.m. future. 

Sucesivo-a, adj. successive, fol- 
lowing 

Sumamente, adv. extremely, 
chiefly. 

Superficie, subs.com.f. super- 
ficies, outward, exterior. 

Sustentado,arf;. supported,main- 
tained, sustained. From Sus- 
tentar, to assert. 

Susurrante, adj. murmuring, 
whispering, purling, whizing. 



Taburete, subs.com.f. stool, chair. 

Taciturno-a, adj. silent, taci- 
turn, reserved, melaucholy. 

Temeridad, subs.com.f. rashness, 
temerity, imprudence, ex- 
cess. 



Temeroso-a adj. fearful, timor- 
ous, cowardly. 

Tenebroso-a, adj. dark, obscure, 
gloomy. 

Terremoto, subs.com.m- earth- 
quake. 

Testimonio, subs.com.m. witness, 
testimony, proof, attestation, 
copy. 

Tiendecita, subs.com.f. small 
shop, or store, dim. of Tienda, 
store. 

Torq.'.emada, subs.prop.m. Tor- 
quemada, a Spanish writer. 

Trabaj6so-a,a<i/. laborious,hard 
painful, elaborate. 

Tranquilmente, adv. tranquilly, 
peacefully, quietly. 

Transferido, part, transferred, 
conveyed, moved,, transport- 
ed. From Transferir, to trans- 
fer. 

Transparente, adj. transparent, 
or having the pow r er of trans- 
mitting light. 

Trasladado, part. removed, 
translated, transcribed, co- 
pied. From Trasladar, to re- 
move. 

Trasnochado-a, part.abso. be- 
nighted, overtaken by night. 
From Trasnochar, to be over- 
taken by night. 

Traspasado-a, part.abso; run 
through, struck, exceeded., 
crossed, transgressed, tres- 
passed, made over. 

Trastornado-a, ad . confused, 
deranged, overthrown, en- 
tangled. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



101 



Trenticinco, adj.num. thirty- 
five. 

Trevisano-a, subs.com.m. Trevi- 
san, a native of Trevisan, a 
province of Italy. 

Trevisano-a, adj. Trevisan, re- 
lating to Trevisan, 

Tucidides, subs.prop.m. Thucy- 
dides, a celebrated ancient 
historian. 

u. 

Universal, adj. universal, gene- 
ral. 

Universo, subs.com.m. universe, 
or the general system of cre- 
ated things. 

Urbanidad, subs.com.-f. . polite- 
ness, urbanity, civility. 

Utilidad, subs.com.f. utility, use- 
fulness. 



Valeroso-a, adj. valiant, coura- 
geous, strong, powerful. 

Vanamente, adv. vainly, super- 
stitiously, arrogantly, Without 
foundation. 

Vaticano, subs.com.m. Vatican, 
a celebrated hill at Rome, on 
which the palace of the pope 
is erected. 

Vencimiento, stt6s.com.rn. con- 
quest, control, victory. 

Yeneracioo, subs.com.f. venera- 
tion, respect, worship. 

Tengativo-a, adj. revengeful, 
vindictive. 



Venidero-a, adj. next, future, 
coming. 

Venturoso, aoj. lucky, success- 
ful, fortunate. 

Verdaderc-a, adj. real, true, sin- 
cere, ingenuous. 

Vergonzoso-a, adj. shameful, 
shamefaced, modest. 

Vicisitud, suos.com.f. vicissitude, 
change. 

Villamayor, subs,prop.m. Villa- 
mayor, an eminent Spanish 
character. 

Violentado-a, ad;, forced, vio- 
lated, enforced, erroneously 
interpreted. 

Visitado, part, visited, examined, 
frequented. From Visitar, to 
visit. 

Visitante, subs.com.m. visitor. 

Vituperio, subs.com.m. vitupera- 
tion, censure, infamy, dis- 
grace. 

Vivamente, adv. lively, in a brisk 
manner, quickly. 

Vivisimo-a, adj.super. most vivid, 
most lively, most burning. 

Voiuntario-a, adj. voluntary, 
willingly, spontaneously. 



Zag-aleja, subs.com.f. a little, 
pretty swain. 

Zaragoza, subs.prop.f. Zaragossa, 
a city in Spain. 

Zaragiielles, subs.com.m.p. draw- 
ers, breeches. 



10 



104 WORDS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 



Caritativo-a, adj. charitable, 
kind, good, friendly, benevo- 
lent. 

Comunicacion, subs.com.f. com- 
munication, intercourse. 

Condescendencia, subs.com.f. 
condescendence, submission, 
yielding. 

Conmiseracion, subs.com.f. com- 
miseration, compassion, pity. 

Conocimiento,su6s.co»i.m. know- 
ledge, learning, acquaintance, 
friendship. 

Gonsentimiento,su6s.com.?n. con- 
sent, connivance, permission. 

Gonsideracion, subs.com.f. con- 
sideration, regard, contemp- 
lation, claim to notice. 

Contemplativo, adj. contempla- 
tive,studious, given to thought 
and reflection. 

Contentisimo-a, adj.super. most 
satisfied, most content, most 
happy. 

Oontinuamente,adi\continuaUy, 
always, without intermission. 

Convalecido-aj)cwf.(u/j. recover- 
ed, (from sickness, or a bad 
habit,) restored to health. 

Correspondiente, subs.com m. 
correspondent. 

Correspondiente, adj. conform- 
able, agreeable. 

Cortesisimo-a, adj.super. most 
courteous most polite, most 
gentle, most moderate. 

D. 

Debilitado-a, adj. debilitated, 
weakened, enfeebled, extenu- 
ated. 



Delicadeza, subs.comf. delicacy, 
tenderness, effeminacy, per- 
spicacity. 

Denominacion, subs.com.f. deno- 
mination, distinct appella- 
tion. 

Desagradecido-a, adj. unfhank- 
ed, ungrateful, indifferent to 
favours received. 

Desalentado-a, adj. discouraged, 
dismayed, put out of breath. 

Desapacible, adj disagreeable, 
unpleasant, sharp. 

Desapoderado-a, adj. dispossess- 
ed, furious, huge," ungovern- 
able. 

Desatinado-a,sufcs.co?n. madman, 
fool, crazy. 

Desatinado-a, adj. extravagant, 
excessive. 

Desc2imma.do-a, part.adjec stray, 
lost, entangled, misguided. 

Desconcertado-a, partadjec dis- 
concerted, discomposed, dis- 
turbed. 

Deseonocido-a, adj. unknown, 
foreign, disavowed. 

Deslallecido-a, part-adjec. faded, 
fallen away, fainted. 

Desenfrenado, part, unbridled, 
run away, carried away, (by 
passion.) From Desenfrenar, 
to fall into a passion. 

Desenganado-a,a£/j. undeceived, 
freed from mistake, or error. 

Desengafiador-a, subs.com. unde- 
ceiver, he who frees from er- 
ror. 

Desfallecido-a, part, pined, fal- 
len away, fainted. From Des- 
fallecer, to fall into a swoon, 



Words of five, six, & c . syllables. 105 



Desfigurado-a, part.adjec. disfi- 
gured, deformed, disguised, 
darkened. 

Deshonestidad, subs.com.f. dis- 
honesty, want of candour, 
lascivious motions. 

Desinteresado-a, adj. disinter- 
ested, not selfish. 

Despavorido-a, part.adjec. terri- 
fied, frightened. 

Despedazado-a, part.adjec. torn 
to pieces, destroyed, lacerat- 
ed. 

Determinado-a,par£.ad[/ec. deter- 
mined, resolute, bold, coura- 
geous. 

Dificultoso-a, adj. difficult, hard, 
troublesome. 

Disimulacidn, subs.com.f. dissi- 
mulation, hypocrisy. 

Disimulado, part.adjec.k. substan. 
dissembled, feigned, dissem- 
bler, hypocrite. 

Dudosamente, adv. doubtfully, 
timorously, dubiously. ' 

E. 

Ecsageracion, subs.com.f. exa- 
geration, hyperbole, amplifi- 
cation. 

Ecsaminado-a, part.adjec. exa- 
mined, tried, investigated, in- 
quired into. 

Ecsasperado-a, adj. exasperated, 
irritated, offended, 

Ecsorbitante, adj. exorbitant, 
excessive, enormous* 

Edificado-a, part.adjec. edified, 
instructed, built, constructed. 

Efectivamente, adv. in fact, ef- 
fectually, powerfully. 
10* 



Egecutado, part, executed, ac- 
complished, performed, urg- 
ed, obliged. From Egecutar, 
to carry into effect. 

Embarazado-a, part.adjec. em- 
barrassed, confused, entang- 
led, harrassed, wearied. 

Embebecido-a, part.abso. plung- 
ed into, struck with, astonish- 
ed. From Embebecer, to stu- 

pify- 

Enagenado-a, part.abso. trans- 
ported, carried away, alien- 
ated, enraptured. FromJEna- 
genar, to transfer. 

Enamorado-a, subs.com. lover. 

Enamorado, part, enamoured, 
delighted with, fallen in love. 
From Enamorar, to delight. 

Encantamiento, subs.com.m. 

charm, encantation, enchant- 
ment. 

Encarecimiento, subs comm. ex- 
ageration, enhancement, am- 
plification. 

Enchancletado-a, part.adjec. 
shoved on. YvomEnchancktar^ 
to wear like slippers. 

Encomendado,par£. recommend, 
praised, lauded. From En- 
cometider, to send compli- 
ments. 

Endurecido-a, part.adjec. har- 
dened, callous, rough, inured, 
cruel. 

Enfadosfsimo-a, adj super, most 
troublesome, most vexing. 

Engarrotado-a, part.adjec. close, 
concealed, squeezed. 

Entendimiento,.'?M6v.co?n.OT.mind, 
understanding, judgment. 



104 WORDS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 



Garitativo-a, adj. charitable, 
kind, good, friendly, benevo- 
lent. 

Comunicacion, subs.com.f. com- 
munication, intercourse. 

Condescendence, subs.com.f. 
condescendence, submission, 
yielding. 

Conmiseracion, subs.com.f. com- 
miseration, compassion, pity. 

Conocimiento,su6s. com. m. know- 
ledge, learning, acquaintance, 
friendship. 

Gonsentimiento,sw6s.com.m. con- 
sent, connivance, permission. 

Gonsideracion, subs.com.f. con- 
sideration, regard, contemp- 
lation, claim to notice. 

Contemplativo, adj. contempla- 
tive,studious, given to thought 
and reflection. 

Contentisimo-a, adj.super. most 
satisfied, most content, most 
happy. 

Gontinuamente,adr.continually, 
always, without intermission. 

Con vaiecido- ajjarf. adj. recover- 
ed, (from sickness, or a bad 
habit,) restored to health- 

Coirespondiente, subs.comm. 
correspondent. 

Correspondiente, adj. conform- 
able, agreeable. 

Cortesisimo-a, adj. super, most 
courteous most polite, most 
gentle, most moderate. 

D. 

Debilitado-a, adj. debilitated, 
•weakened, enfeebled, extenu- 
ated. 



Delicadeza, subs.com.f delicacy, 
tenderness, effeminacy, per- 
spicacity. 

Denominacion, subs.com.f deno- 
mination, distinct appella- 
tion. 

Desagradecido-a, adj. unthank- 
ed, ungrateful, indifferent to 
favours received. 

Desaientado-a, adj. discouraged, 
dismayed, put out of breath. 

Desapacibie, adj disagreeable, 
unpleasant, sharp. 

Desapoderado-a, adj. dispossess- 
ed, furious, huge, ungovern- 
able. 

Desatinado-a,su6s.com. madman, 
fool, crazy. 

Desatinado-a, adj. extravagant, 
excessive. 

Descaminado-a, part.adjec. stray, 
lost, entangled, misguided. 

Desconcertado-a, part.adjec. dis- 
concerted, discomposed, dis- 
turbed. 

Desconocido-a, adj. unknown, 
foreign, disavowed. 

Deslallecido-a, part.adjec. faded, 
failen away, fainted. 

Desenfrenado, part, unbridled, 
run away, carried away, (by 
passion.) From Desenfrenar, 
to fall into a passion. 

Desenganado-a,aaj. undeceived, 
freed from mistake, or error. 

Desenganador-a, subs.com. unde- 
ceiver, he who frees from er- 
ror. 

Desfallecido-a, part, pined, fal- 
len away, fainted. From Des- 
falkcer, to fall into a swoon. 



Words of five, six, & c . syllables. 105 



Desfigurado-a, part.adjec. disfi- 
gured, deformed, disguised, 
darkened. 

Deshonestidad, subs.com. f. dis- 
honesty, want of candour, 
lascivious motions. 

Desinteresado-a, adj. disinter- 
ested, not selfish. 

Despavorido-a, part.adjec. terri- 
fied, frightened. 

Despedazado-a, part.adjec. torn 
to pieces, destroyed, lacerat- 
ed. 

Determinado-a,parf.a4/ec. deter- 
mined, resolute, bold, coura- 
geous. 

Dificultdso-a, adj. difficult, hard, 
troublesome. 

Disimulacidn, subs.com.f. dissi- 
mulation, hypocrisy. 

Disimulado, part.adjec.Sa substan. 
dissembled, feigned, dissem- 
bler, hypocrite. 

Dudosamente, adv. doubtfully, 
timorously, dubiously. 

E. 

Ecsageracidn, subs.com.f. exa- 
geration, hyperbole, amplifi- 
cation. 

Ecsaminado-a, part.adjec. exa- 
mined, tried, investigated, in- 
quired into. 

Ecsasperado-a,adj. exasperated, 
irritated, offended. 

Ecsorbitante, adj. exorbitant, 
excessive, enormous. 

Edificado-a, part.adjec. edified, 
instructed, built, constructed. 

Efectivamente, adv. in fact, ef- 
fectually, powerfully. 
10* 



Egecutado, part, executed, ac- 
complished, performed, urg- 
ed, obliged. From Egecutar, 
to carry into effect. 

Embarazado-a, part.adjec. em- 
barrassed, confused, entang- 
led, harrassed, wearied. 

Embebecido-a, part.abso. plung- 
ed into, struck with, astonish- 
ed. From Embebecer, to stu- 

pify- 

Enagenado-a, part.abso. trans- 
ported, carried away, alien- 
ated, enraptured. From Ena- 
genar, to transfer. 

Enamorado-a, sw6s.com. lovejr. 

Enamorado, part, enamoured, 
delighted with, fallen in love. 
From Enamorar, to delight. 

Encantamiento, subs.com.m. 

charm, encantalion, enchant- 
ment. 

Encarecimiento, subs.com.m. ex- 
ageration, enhancement, am- 
plification. 

Enchancletado-a, part.adjec. 
shoved on. FromEnchancktar, 
to wear like slippers. 

Encomenda.do, part, recommend, 
praised, lauded. From En~ 
comender, to send compli- 
ments. 

Endurecido-a, part.adjec. har- 
dened, callous, rough, inured, 
cruel. 

Enfadosisimo-a, adj super, most 
troublesome, most vexing. 

Engarrotado-a, part.adjec. close, 
concealed, squeezed. 

Entendimiento,su6v.com.m.mind, 
understanding, judgment. 



106 WORDS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 



Enternecido-a, part.adjec. sof- 
tened, moved to compassion, 
commiserated. From Enter- 
necer, to soften. 
Entretegido, part, woven, en- 
tangled, tissued, intermixed. 
From Entreteger, to variegate. 
Entretenimiento, subs.com.m. en- 
tertainment, appointment, 
procrastination. 
Envilecido, part, rendered vile, 
base, mean, or degraded. 
From ICnvilecer, to vilify. 
Escandalizado,par£. scandalized, 
offended, irritated. From Es- 
candalizar, to offend by a scan- 
dalous action. 
Escarolado-a, part.adjec. con- 
tracted, turned. 
Escrupuldso-a, adj. scrupulous, 

exact, conscientious. 
Espantadizo-a, adj. timid, fear- 
ful, shy, skittish. 
Especialmente. adv. specially, 

particularly. 
Espectaculo, svhs.com m. specta- 
cle, show, theatre, scene. 
Esterilidad, subs.com.f. sterility, 

barrenness. 
Esterioridad, subs.com.f. exteri- 
or, outward appearance, pa- 
geantry, ostentation. 
Estomago, subs.com.m. stomach. 
Estraordinariamente, adv. ex- 
traordinarily, (in an extraor- 
dinary or uncommon man- 
ner.) 
Estraordinario-a, adj. extraor- 
dinary, uncommon. 
Estratagema, subs.com.f. strata- 
gem, artifice, dilemma. 



Estravagancia, subs.com.f. extra- 
vagance, irregularity, disor- 
der. 

Estravagante, adj. extravagant. 

Eternamente, adv. eternally, for 
ever. 

F. 

Facineroso-a, sxibs.com. a horrid, 
wicked, or bad person. 

Facineroso-a, adj. wicked, atro- 
cious, bad. 

Familiaridad, subs.com.f. famili- 
arity, easiness of intercourse. 

Favorecido, part, favoured, pro- 
tected. From Favorecer, to 
enjoy protection. 



Generalmente, adv. generally, 
commonly, in the main. 

Generosidad, subs.com.f. genero- 
sity, magnanimity, liberality. 

Graciosamente, adv. with grace, 
tastely, exquisitely, gratuit- 
ously. 

Graciosisimo-a, adj.super. ex- 
tremely graceful, very witty, 
most elegant. 

H. 

Honestamente, adv. honestly, 
- (by honourable means.) 

I. 

Ignor ante men te,a(h>. ignorantly, 
without knowledge. 

Ilimitado-a, adj. unlimited, 
boundless, unconfined. 

Iluminado-a, part.adjec illumin- 
ed, enlightened, lit, coloured. 



WORDS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 107 



Imaginacion., subs.com.f. imagin- 
ation, fancy, conception, er- 
roneous idea. 
Imediatamente, adv. immediate- 
ly, directly. 
Impenetrable, adj. impenetrable, 
inscrutable, incomprehensi- 
ble. 
Jmpertinente, subs.com. an im- 
pertinent,or troublesome per- 
son. 
Impertinente, adj. impertinent, 

troublesome. 
Importunidad, subs.com.f. impor- 
tunity, incessant solicitation. 
Inadvertido-a, part.adjec. care- 
less, inadvertent, unnoticed. 
Inagotable, adj. inexhaustible, 
inexhausted, not to be emp- 
tied. 
Inanimado-a, adj. inanimate, 

without animation. 
Incertidumbre, subs.com.f. un- 
certainty, incertitude. 
Incomodidad, subs.com.f. incom- 
modity, inconvenience, trou- 
ble. 
Incomparable, adj. matchless, 
incomparable, not to be ac- 
quired. 
Incomprehensible, adj. incom- 
prehensible, not to be under- 
stood. 
Inconsiderado,«dj. rash,thought- 
less, inattentive, inconsider- 
ate. 
Inconveniente, subs.com.rn. in- 
conveniency, incommodity, 
incongruity. 
Inconveniente, adj. inconveni- 
ent, incommodious. 



Incorruptible,«dj incorruptible, 
not to be perverted, or cor- 
rupted. 

Infelicidad, subs.com.f misfor- 
tune, calamity, disgrace. 

Injustamente, adv. unjustly, 
wrongly. 

Inmortalidad, subs.com. f. immor- 
tality, (eternal life.) 

Inseparable, adj. inseparable, 
(not to be separated, or dis- 
connected.) 

Inteligencia, subs.com.f. intelli- 
gence, understanding, know- 
ledge, ability. 

Interesante, adj. interesting, 
useful, convenient. 

Interminable, adj. everlasting, 
endless. 

Introducido, part, introduced, 
conducted. From Introducir, 
to bring into notice. 

Inumerable, adj. numberless, 
innumerable, countless. 

Irrevocable, adj. irrevocabte, 
not to be recalled. 



Languidamente, adv. languidly, 
decaying gradually. 

Liberalidad, subs.com.f. liberali- 
ty, generosity. 

Liberalmente, adv. liberally, 
generously, expeditiously. 

Literatura, subs.com.J. literature^ 
science, learning. 

M. 

Magnanimidad, subs.com.f mag- 
nanimity, generosity, gran- 
deur of soul. 



108 WORDS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 



Magnificencia, subs.com/. mag- 
nificence, splendour. 
3Magnifico-a, adj. splendid, mag- 
nificent, grand. 
Maltratamiento,su&s.com.?n. mal- 
treatment, bad usage. 
MantenimientOj.su&s.com/. main- 
tenance, sustenance, subsis- 
tence., allowance. 
Manufactfira, subs.com.m. ma- 
nufacture, workmanship. 
Maravill6so-a, adj. wonderful, 

astonishing. 
Martirizado, part, martyred, 
tortured. From Marliriear, to 
make suffer the death of a 
martyr. 
Melancdlio-a, adj. melancholy, 

gloomy, depressed. 
Menospreciaddr-a, subs.com. de- 
tester, (he who despises, or 
detests.) 
Misericdrdia, subs.com.f. mercy, 

pity, commisseration. 
Molestisimo a, adj.super. most 

troublesome, most vexing 
Monstruosameute, adv. mons- 
trously, hugely, in an uncom- 
mon manner. 
Mortificacidn, subs.com.f. morti- 
fication, grief, sorrow. 

1ST. 

Naturaleza, subs.com.f. nature, 
__ virtue, propensity. 
Naturalidad, subs.com.f. nature, 

(being conformable with, or 

having great resemblance to, 

nature.) 
Naturalmente, adv. naturally, 

(not artificially,) humanly. 



Nobilisimo-a,a(Z/sH/)er most no- 
ble, most generous, most con- 
spicuous. 

Nonagenario-a, odj.and subs.com. 
ninety years old. 

o. 

Octagenario-a, adj. andstt6s.com. 
eighty years old. 

Odiosfsimo-a,<w/;.st{per. most odi- 
ous, most detestable, or hate- 
ful. 

Odorifero-a, adj. odoriferous, 
fragrant, perfumed. 

Oportunidad, subs.com.f. oppor- 
tunity, occasion,convenience. 

P. 

Palpablemente, adv. evidently, 

clearly. 
Particularmente, adv. particu- 
larly, especially 

Peregrinado, part, travelled, 
perigrinated. 

Positivamente, adv. positively, 
absolutely, ceotainly. 

Preparativo, subs.com.m. prepa- 
ration, preparative. 

Prerrogatfva, subs.com f prero- 
gative, power, privilege. 

Prevaricaddr,swos.cow.m. preva- 
ricator, caviller, shuffler. 

Primeramente, adv. first, in the 
first place. 

Principalmente, a v. principal- 
ly, chiefly, mainly. 

Privilegiado-a, adj. possessing 
a privilege or power. 

Prodigalidad, subs.comf prodi- 
gality, extravagance, abun- 
dance. 



WORDS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 109 



Profundamente,adv. profoundly, 
respectfully. 

Profundisimo-a, adj.super. most 
deep, most profound, most 
high. 

Proporcionado, part.adjec. pro- 
portion, symmetrically form- 
ed, adapted. 

Puntualmente, adv. punctually, 
exactly. 

Pusilanime, subs.com. a coward- 
ly person. 

Pusilanime, adj. pusillanimous, 
narrow minded, mean spirit- 
ed. 

R. 

Racionalidad, subs.com.f. reason, 
rationality, or conformity 
with reason. 

Rapidamente, adv. rapidly, in- 
trepidly. 

RecalcamientOjSw&s.com.m. lean- 
ing place, extravagance, 
over full. 

Razonamiento, subs.com.m. 

speech, harangue, argument, 
reasoning. 

Recientemente, adv. recently, 
late. 

Reciprocamente, adv. recipro- 
cally, mutually. 

Reconocido-a part, a&so.grateful, 
acknowledged, confessed. 
From Reconocer, to recognise. 

Reprehensible, adj. reprehensi- 
ble, censurable. 

Resbaladero, subs.com.m. a slip- 
pery place, enticement. 

Resibilidad, subs.com.f. risibility, 
laughter. 



Sacrificado,par£. sacrificed, tor- 
tured, exposed, devoted. 
From Sacrificar, to pay ho- 
mage. 

Samaritano-a, sv.bs.com. Sama- 
ritan, a native of Samaria, 
between Judea and Galilee, 
in Palestine. 

Samaritano-a. adj. Samaritan, 
relating to Samaria. 

Seguramente, adv. surely, cer- 
tainly, without doubt. 

Sencillamente, adv. plainly, in- 
geniously. 

Sensibilidad, subs.com.f. sensi- 
bility, quickness of percep- 
tion. 

Sentenciosamente, adv. senten- 
tiously, (in short sentences, 
or striking brevity.) 

Septuagenario-a, adj. & subs.com. 
seventy years of age. 

Severisimo-a, adj.super. most 
severe, most rigorous. 

Simplicisimo-a, adj.super. most 
simple, most foolish, most in- 
sipid, brief, or ingenuous. 

Soberbiamente, adv. proudly, 
arrogantly, vainly. 

Solemnisimo-a, adj.super. most 
solemn, most awful, most 
grand. 

Sorprehendido-a, part.adjec. sur- 
prised, astonished, deceived. 
From Sorprekender, to take by 
surprise. 

Sosegadamente, adv. quietly, 
calmly. 



110 WORDS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 

Sucintamente, adv. succinctly, 

briefly, shortly. ^' 

Superioridad, subs.com.f. supe- Ultimamente, adv. lastly, ulti- 

riority, preeminence, supe- maiely. 

rior excellence. 

Supersticioso-a, adj. supersti- • 

tious, over scrupulous. Valerosamente, adv. valiantly, 

courageously. 

■*■ ' Vanaglori6so-a, adj. vain, boast- 

Temperamento,stt6s.co?n.m. tern- ful, vainglorious, conceited, 

perature, temperament, con- proud. 

stitution. Verdaderamente, adv. truly, in 

Tiernaraente, adv. tenderly, af- fact, indeed. 

fectionately. Verosimiiraente, adv. likely, 

Todopoderoso, subs.prop.m. Al- probably. 

mighty God. Violentamente, adv. violently, 

Tranquilamente, adv. tranquil- forcibly. 

ly, peacefully. 



VERBS- 
LESSON VI. 

VERBS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 

A. B. C. 

Cae, ind.pre.5pn.sin. it, he, or she falls. From Caer, v.n. to fall. 

Caen, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they fall. From Caer, v.n. to fall. 

Caer, inf. pre. v.n. to fall, to tumble, to become due. 

Creo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I believe, I think. From Creer, v.a. to be- 
lieve. 

Criar, inf.pr.v.A. to create, to produce, to nurse, to bring up. 

Crie, subj.pre.} or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may create. From Criar, 
to create. 

Crie, ind.pret.l pen.sin. I created, or brought up. From Criar, v.a. 
to bring up. 

Crio, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I create. From Criar, to create. 

CH. D. 

Da, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she gives. From Bar, v.a. to give-. 

Dan, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they give, From Bar, v.a. to give. 

Dar, inf.pre.v.A. to give, to strike, to confer, to bestow. 

Das, ind.pre.2jm.sin. thou givest. From Bar, v.a. to give. 

De, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she, may give. From Dar, 

v.a. to give. 
Deis, subj.pre.2 pn.pl. ye, or you, may give. From Dar, v.a. to give, 
Di, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I gave. From Dar. v.a. to give. 
Di, imp.pre.2 pn.sin. say thou From Becir, v.a. to say. 
Dio ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she, gave. From Dar, v.a. to give. 
Doi, ind.pre.l pn.sin. 1 give. From Dar, v a. to give. 

E. 

Es, ind.pre.3 j»n.si».-it, he, or she, is. From Ser, v.n. to be. 



112 VERBS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 

. F. 

Fui, ind.pretA or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she, was. From Ser, v.n. 
to be. 

G. 

Guiar, inf.pre. v.a. to guide, to, command, to show, to direct. 
Guio, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she, guided. From Guiar, v.a. to 
guide. 

H. 

Ha, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she, has. From Haber, v.aux. to have. 

Ha, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it is. From Haber, v imp. to be. 

Hai, ind.pre.S pn.sin.or pi. there is, or there are. From Haber, 

v.imp. to be. 
Ha.n, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they have. From Haber, v.aux. to have. 
Has, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou hast. From Haber, v.aux. to have. 
He, ind. pre. I pn.sin. I have. From Haber, v.aux. to have. 
Huir, inf.pre. v.n. to fly, to escape, to shun, to run away. 

I. 

Id, imp.pre. 2 pn.pl. go ye, or you. From Ir, v.n. to go. 
Ir, inf.pre v.n. to go, to exist, to Jay a wager, to be about. 

J.L.LL.M.NN.O. 

Oi, ind.pret.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she, heard. From Oir, v.a. 

to hear. 
Oir, inf.pre. v.a. to hear, to perceive, to understand, to listen. 

P. 

Pon, imp.pre. 2 pn.sin. place, or put thou. From Poner, v.a. to put. 

Q.R. 

Reir. inf.pre. v.n. to laugh, to smile, to sneer, to scoff. 

Rie, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he or she, laughs. From .Reir, v.N.to laugh. 

Rio, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I laughed. From Reir, v.n. to laugh. 

s. 

Be, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I know. From Saber, v.a. to know. 
SeV iwif .jpre.2 pn.sin. be thou. From Ser, v.n. to be. 



VERBS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 113 

Sea, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she, may be. From Ser, 

v.a. to be. 
Sean, subj.pre.Sp71.pl. they may be. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Seas, subj.pre.2pn.sin. thou mayest be. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Ser, ind.pre. v.n. to be, to exist, to belong to, to occur. 
Soi, ind.pre.l pen.sin. I am. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Sois, ind.pre. 2 pn.pl. ye, or you are. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Son, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they are. From Ser, v.n. to be. 



Trae, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she brings, or carries. From Traer, 

v.a. to bring. 
Traer, inf.pre. v.a. to bring, to carry, to take, to fetch, to attract. 

to draw. 

U.V.Y.Z. 

Va, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she goes. From Ir, v.n. to go. 

Van, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they go. From Ir, v.n. to go. 

Ve, imppre.2pn.sin. go thou. From Ir, v.n. to go. 

Ve, imp.pre.2pn.sin. see, or look thou. From Ver, v.a. to see. 

Vea, imp.pre.3 pn.sin. see you, or let him see. From Fi?r,v.A.to see. 

Vea, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may see. From Ver, 

v.a to see. 
Veas, subjpre.2 pn.sin. thou mayest see. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Ved, imp.pre.2pn.pl. see, behold, ye, or you. From Ver,v.A.to see.- 
Ven, imp.pre.2pn.sin. come thou. From Venir, v.n. to come. 
Veo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I see. From Ver, v.n. to see. 
Ver, infpre. v.a. to see,to behold,to observe,to judge,to discover, 
Ves, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou seest. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Vi, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I saw. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Vio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she saw. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Voi, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I go. From "ir, v.n. to go. 



)1 



LESSON VII. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



A. 

A'bra, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may open. From Abru 
v.a. to open. 

A'bra, md.p-e.2pi.sin. open thou. From Abrir, v.a. to open. 

A'bre, tnd.p-c.3pi.sin. it, he, or she opens. Fromi#&ri?-,v.A.to open. 

Abna, impf.pre.2 pn.pl. open ye, or you. From Abrir, v.a. to open. 

Abrio, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it,he,or she opens. From Abrir,y. A.to open. 

Abrir, inf.pre. v.a. to open, to commence, to communicate, to en- 
grave, to expand, to distend. 

Afea, md.p-e.3pi.swi. it, he, or she disfigures. From Afear, v.a. to 
disfigure. 

A fear, inf.pre. v.a. to deform, to deface, to find fault, to decry, 
to censure, to disfigure. 

Alzar, ind.pre. v.a. to raise up, to elevate, to erect. 

A'lzo, ind.pre. I pn.sin. I raise. From Alzar, to raise. 

A'ma, ind.pre .3 pn.sin. it, he, or she loves. From c#mar,v.A.to love. 

A'ma, imp.pre.2 pn.sin. love thou. From Amur, v.a. to love. 

Aman, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they love. From Amar, v.a. to love. 

Amar, inf.pre. v.a. to love, to regard with affection. 

A'nda, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she goes, or walks. From Andar, 
v.n. to walk. 

A'nda, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. go, or walk thou. From ,.2/idar,v.N.to walk. 

A'ndan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they go, or walk. From Andar,\.n.to walk. 

A'ndas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou goest. From Jlndar, v.n. to walk. 

Andar, inf.pre. v.a. to walk, to go, to march, to behave, to move. 

Apear, inf.pre. v.a. to alight, to measure lands, to prop, to dis- 
suade, to remove difficulties. 

ApeOj ind.pre. I pn.sin. I alight. From Jlpear, v.a. to alight. 

Apeo, ind.p-e.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she alighted. From Jlpear, v.a. to 
alight. 

A'rden, ind.pre.S pn pi. they burn. From Arder, v.n. to burn. 

Arder, inf.pre. v.n. to burn, to be agitated by any passion. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 115 

Ardia, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she burned. From 

J3rder, v.n. to burn. 
Armar, infpre. v.a. to arise, to set up, to prepare one's self, to arm. 
Asir, inf.pre. v.a. to grasp, to seize, to dispute, to coRtend. 
Atar, inf.pre. v.a. to tie, to stop, to be embarrassed. 
Atrae, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she attracts, allures, or charms. 

From Atraer, to attract. 

B. 

Bailar, inf.pre. v.n. to dance, to move in a lively manner. 

Baja, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she descends. From Bajar, v.n. to 

descend. 
Bajar, ipf.pre. v.n. to descend, to go down, to lessen, to diminish, 

to lower. 
Banar, inf.pre. v,a. to bathe, to immerse, to "wash. 
Basta, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she is enough, or sufficient. From 

Bastar, v.n. to be enough, or to suffice. 
Bastar, inf.pre. v.n. to be enough, sufficient, to suffice, to be no 

more wanting. 
Bate, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she beats, fights, coins, or blows. 

From Batir, v.n. to beat. 
Batid, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, ho, or sho beated, fought, coined, or 

blowed. From Batir, v.a. to beat. 
Besan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they kiss. From Besar, v.a. to kiss. 
Besar, inf.pre. v.a. to kiss, (any thing as a mark of fondness or 

respect,) to be, or touch closely, (applied to inanimate objects.) 
Beso, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I kiss. From Besar, v.a. to kiss. 
Beso, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. I kissed. From Besar, v.a. to kiss. 
Borra, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. he effaces, or washes out. From Borrar, 

v.a. to efface. 
Borrar, inf.pre. v.a. to wash out, to efface,. to erase, to rub out, 

to cloud, to blot. 
Borre, ind.pret. I pn.sin. I effaced, or expunged. From Borrar, v.a. 

to efface. 
Brilla, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she shines. From Brillar, v.n. to 

shine. 
Brillan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they shine. From Brillar, v.n. to shine, 
Brillar, inf.pre. v.n. to shine, to sparkle, to glitter. 
Bnllo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I shine. From Brillar, v.n. to shine. 



116 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Brillo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she shone. From Brillar, v.n. to 

shine. 
Busca, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she seeks, or selects. From 

Buscar, v.a. to seek. 
Buscan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they seek, or choose. From Buscar, v. a. 

to seek. 
Buscar, inf. pre. v. a. to seek, to search, to endeavour to find out. 
Buscas, ind pre. 2 pn.sin. thou seekest, or wishest. From Buscar, 

v.a. to seek. 
Busco, ind.prs.l pn.sin. I seek. From Buscar, v.a. to seek. 
Busco, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she sought. From Buscar, v.a. 

to seek. 
Buna, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she laughs at, or ridicules. From 

Burlar, v.a. to ridicule. 
Burlar, inf.pre. v.a to ridicule, to scoff, to laugh at, to frustrate 

one's views, or to destroy one's hopes. 



Caben, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they can be contained. From Caber, v.n. 

to be contained. 
Caber, inf.pre. v.n. to be contained, or contain, to have room. 
Cabfa, ind. imp. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she did not contain, or could 

not be contained. From Caber, v.n. to bp. contained. 
Caigan, imp. pre. 3 pu.pl. let them fall. From Caer, v.n. to fall. 
Caigan, subj.pre.2 pn.pl. they may fall. From Caer, v.n. to fall. 
Caigo, ind pre.l pn.sin. I fall. From Caer, v.n. to fall. 
Calia, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it. he, or she keeps silence. From Collar, 

v.n. to keep silence. 
Calia, imp.pre.2 pn.sin. be thou silent. From Callar, v.n. to keep 

silence. 
Callan, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they keep silence. From Callar, v n. to 

keep silence. 
Callar,Mi/.p'e. v.N.to keep silence,to dissemble, to conceal,to abate. 
Calle, imp. pre. 3 pn.sin. let him be silent, or be you silent. From 

Callar, v!n. to keep silence. 
Calle, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may be silent. From 

Callar, v.n. to keep silence. 
Canta,mcZ.pre.3 pn.sin. it,he,or she sings. From Cantar,v.k. to sing 
Canta, imp.pi-e.2pn.sin. sing thou. From Cantar, v.a. to sing, 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 117 

Gantan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they sing. From Cantar, v.a. to sing. 
Cantar, inf. pre. v.a. to sing. 

Cargan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they charge. From Cargar, v.a. to charge. 
Casar, tnfpre. v.a. to marry, to make things match each other, to 

repeal, to annul. 
Gaso, ind.pre 3 pn.sin. he married. From Casar, v.a. to marry. 
Causar, inf.pre. v.a. to cause, to occasion, to produce. 
Causo, ind.pre. \ pn. sin. I cause. From Causar, v.a. to cause. 
Causo, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she caused. From Causar, v.a. 

to cause. 
Cayo, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she fell. From Cacr, to fall. 
Cegar, inf.pre v.a to blind, to dazzle, to obscure, to hallucinate. 
Cegar, inf.pre. v.n. to become, or grow blind. 
Cela, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she fulfils, its, his, or her duties, 

From Celar, v.a. and v.n. to fulfil one's duties. 
Celan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they watch, or guard. From Celar, v.a. and 

v.n. to fulfil one's duties. 
Celar, inf.pre. v.n. and v.a. to fulfil one's duties, to watch, to con- 
cede, to preserve. 
Cenar, inf.pre. v.n. and v.a. to sup, to sup on, to eat at supper. 
Cerio, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I eat at supper. From Cenar, v.n. and v.a. 

to sup. 
Cenir, inf.pre. v.a. to girdle, to surround, to environ, to contract, 

to circumscribe. 
Cesar, inf.pre. v.n. to cease, to terminate, to conclude. 
Ciega, inu. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she dazzles, or blinds. From Ge- 

gar, v.n. to blind. 
Cinen, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they surround. From Cenir,v.A. to surround. 
Cierra, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she closes, or shuts. From Cer- 

rar, v.a. to shut. 
Clarear, inf.pre. v.n. to dawn, to grow light. 
Cobrar, inf.pre. v.a. to receive, to recover, to collect, to gain 

esteem. 
Coge, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she catches. From Coger, v.a. to 

catch. 
Coger, inf.pre. v.a. to catch, to seize, to soak, to have room, to 

occupy. 
Comer, inf.pre. v.a. to eat, to consume, to corrode; v.n. to dine. 

n* 



118 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Compre, ind.pret.Spi.sin. I bought. From Conprar, v.a. to buy. 

Concluir, inf.pre. v.a. to conclude, to end, to terminate, to con- 
vince, to decide, to disarm. 

Consta, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it appears, or it is clear, evident. From 
Constar, v.imp. to be evident. 

Cdnstan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they appear, or they are clear, evident. 
From Constar, v.imp. to be evident. 

Constar, inf.pre. v.imp. to appear from, to be evident, corro- 
borated. 

Contar, inf.pre. v.i. to count, to reckon, to number, to have a mind 
to, to narrate, to depend on, to rely, to trust, to believe. 

Conto, te8.jwei.3jm.sin. it, he, or she reckoned. From Contar, v. a. 
to reckon. 

Corre, ind.pre.Spn.sin. it, he, or she runs, or rolls. From -Correr. 
v.n. to run. 

Correr, inf.pre. v.a. to pass away, to roll over, to run. 

Cdrres, ind.pre.2 pi.sin. thou runnest, or passest away. From Cor- 
rer, v.n. to run. 

Corria,ind.impf.3pn.sin. it, he, or she ran. From Correr, v.n to run. 

Corrio, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she ran. From Correr, v.ir.to run. 

Cortar, inf.pre. v.a. to cut, to shorten, to intercept, to interrupt. 

Corten, imp.pre.3pn.pl. let them cut. From Cortar, v. a. to cut. 

Corten, svbfpre.Spn.pl. they may cut. From Cortar, v.a. to cut. 

Corto, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she cuts. From Cortar, v.a. to cut 

Costar, inf.pre. v.n. to cost, to suffer loss, to be had at a price. 

Cuesto, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I cost. From Costar, v.n. to cost. 

Costo, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she costs. From Cosfar,v.N.to cost. 

Crece, ind.p-e.3pi.s-in. it, he, or she grows. From Crecer, v.n. to 
grow. 

Crecen, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they grow. From Crecer, v.n. to grow. 

Crecer, inf.pre. v.n. to grow, to increase, to swell, (applied to 
waters.) 

Crecla, ind.impf 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she grew. From Crecer, v.n. 
to grow. 

Crecian, ind.impf .3 pn.pl. they grew. From Crecer, v.n. to grow. 

Crecio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she grew. From Crecer, v.n. to 
grow. 

Creen, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they believe. From Creer, v.a. to believe. 

Creer, ind.pre. v.a. to believe, to credit, to think, to be persuaded. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 119 

Creian, ind.impf.S pn.sin. it, he, or she believed. From Creer, v.a. 

to believe. 
Creian, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they believed. From Creer, v.a. to believe. 
Creyo, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she believed. From Creer, v.a. 

to believe. 
Cuaja, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she coagulates, or freezes. From 

Cuajar, v.n. to coagulate. 
Cuajar, inf.pre. v.n. to freeze, to coagulate, to have the desired 

effect. 
Cubra, imp.pre.S pn.sin. let him cover. From Cubfir, v.a. to cover. 
Cubra, subj. pre. 3 pn.sin. he may cover. From Cubrir, v.A.to cover. 
Cubre, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she covers. From Cubrir, v.a. 

to cover. 
Cubre, imp .pre. 2 pn. sin. cover thou. From Cubrir, v.a. to cover. 
Cubren, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they cover. From Cubrir, v.a. to cover. 
Cubrir, inf.pre. v.a. to cover, to dissemble, to cloak, to mask. 
Cuenta, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she counts, relates, or depends 

on. From Contar, v.a. to narrate. 
Curtir, inf.pre. v.a. to imbrown, or burn by the sun, to tan leather. 

CH. 

Chancear, inf.pre. v.n. to jest, to joke. 

Charia, ind.pre. S pn.sin. it, he, or she talks, or prattles. From 

Charlar, v.n. to prattle. 
Charlar, inf.pre. v.n. to prattle, to talk, to babble. 
Charlas,Mid.p*e.2 pn.sin.thou prattlest. From Charlar, v.N.to prattle. 

D. 

Daba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she gave. From Dar, 

v.a. to give. 
Daban, ind.impf.S pn.pl. they gave. From Dar, v.a. to give. 
Dando, ger. giving. From Dar, v.a. to give. 
Daiiar, inf.pre. v.a. to injure, to spoil, to hurt, to damage. 
Dara, ind.futr.S pn.sin. it, he, or she will give. From Dar, v.a. to 

give. 
Dare, ind.futr.l pn.sin. I shall give. From Dar, v.a. to give. 
Dana, subj. 2 impf.l or 3 pn.sin. 1, or it, he, or she must, should 

have, or may owe. From Deber, v.aux. to must. 



120 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Debar), subj.pre.3pn.pl. they must, should, or may owe. From 

Deber, v.aux. to must. 
Debas, subj pre. 2 pn. sin. thou shouldst, or mayst owe. From Deber. 

v.aux. to must. 
Debe, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she must, or owes. From Deber, 

v.aux. to must. 
Deben, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they must, ought to, or owe. From Deber, 

v.aux. to must. 
Debes,ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou ought to, or owest. From De6cr,v.AUX. 

to owe. 
Deber. inf. pre. v.aux. to must, to shall, to owe; v. a. to owe, to be 

indebted. 
Debia, ind.tmpf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she should have, ought 

to have, or owed. From Deber, v.aux. to must. 
Debio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she owed, or was indebted for. 

From Deber, v.a. to owe. 
Debo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I must, ought to, or owe. From Deber, 

v.aux. to must. 
Decia, ind.impfl or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she said. From Decir, 

v.a. to say. 
Decian, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they said. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Decid, imp.pre.2 pn.pl. say ye, or you. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Decir, inf.pre. v.a. to say, to assure, to correspond. 
Dege, ind.pret.'i pn.sin. I left, or relinquished. From Dejar, v.a. 

to relinquish. 
Dege, imp. pre. 3 pn.sin. let him leave, or leave you. From Dejar, 

v.a. to relinquish. 
Deja, imp. pre. 2 pn.sin. relinquish, or permit thou. From Dejar, y.^.. 

to relinquish. 
Deja, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she relinquishes. From Dejar, v.a. 

to relinquish. 
Dejad, imp. pre.5 pn.pl. permit, or relinquish ye. From Dejar,y.x. 

to relinquish. 
Dejan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they relinquish, or permit. From Dejar,v.\. 

to relinquish. 
Dejar, inf.pre v.a. to leave, to relinquish, to let, to permit, to be- 
queath. 
Desea. ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she desires. From Desear, v.a. 

to wish. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 121 

Desean, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they desire. From Desear, v.a. to wish. 
Deseas, ind.pre.2pn.sin. thou desirest, dost desire. From Desear, 

v.a. to wish. 
Desear, in/pre. v.a. to wish, to desire, to long for, to demand. 
Deseo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I desire. From Desear, v.a. to wish. 
Destruir, inf. pre. v.a. to destroy, to ruin, to lay waste, to mispend, 

to, refute. 
Dice, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she says. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Dices, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou sayst. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Dicen, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they say, it is said. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Dictar, inf.pre. v.a. to dictate, to speak authoritatively, to com- 
mand, to rule. 
Dieroit, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they gave, or granted. From Dar, v.a. to 

give. 
Diese, subj.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she should give. From 

Dar, v.a. to give. 
Diga, imp.pre. 3 pn.sin. let him say, or say you. From Decir, v.a. 

to say. 
Diga, subj.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may say. From 

Decir, v.a. to say. 
Digas, subj.pres. 2 pn.sin. thou mayst say. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Dige, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I said. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Dfgna, imp.pre.2 pn.sin. vouchsafe, or deign thou. From Dignar, 

v.r. to deign. 
Dignar, inf.pre. v.r. to deign, to vouchsafe, to condescend, 
Digo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I say. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Dijo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. I said. From Decir, v.a. to say, 
Dira, ind.futr.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will say. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Diras, ind.fut.2 pn.sin. thou wilt say. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Diran, ind.fut.2 pn.pl. they will say. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Dire, ind.futr.] pn.sin. I shall say. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Distraer, inf.pre. v.a. to distract, to call away the attention, to be 

absent, to perplex. 
Doler, inf.pre. to have pain in, to have a sore, to feel sorry, to be 

painful to one. 
Dolid, ind.p.et.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she was sorry for, or it pained 

him. From Doler, v. n. to feel pain. 
Dudan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they doubt From Dudar, v.a. to doubt, 
Pudar, inf.pre. v.a. to doubt, to hesitate, to be uncertain, 



122 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Dudo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I doubt. From Dtular, v.a. to doubt. 
Duele, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it pains her, him, me, or them, or it, he, 

she, or they feel sorry for. From Dcler, v.n. to feel pain. 
Dura, inrf.pe.S pn.sin. it, he, or she lasts, or continues. From 

Durar, v.n. to last. 
Duran, ind.pre.S pn.sin. they last. From Durar, v.n. to last. 
Durar, inf.pre. v.n. to last, to continue, to endure. 
Duro, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I last. From Durar, to last. 
Dur 6, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she lasted. From Durar,y.x.to last. 

E. 

E'cha, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she throws. From Echar, v.a. to 

throw. 
E'chan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they throw. From Echar, v.a. to throw. 
E'chas, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou throwest. From Echar, v.a. to throw. 
Echar, inf.pre. v.a.. to throw, to bud, to apply, to impute, to recline. 
E'cho, ind.pre. i pn.sin. I throw. From Echar, v.a. to throw. 
Echo, inrf.p-e.3pi.sin. it, he, or she threw. From Echar, v.a. to 

throw. 
Embio, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I send or swallow. From Embiar, v.a. to 

send. 
Emplear, inf.pre. v.a. to employ, to occupy, to purchase. 
Empleas, ind.pe.2pi.sm. thou employcst. From Emplear, v.a. to 

purchase. 
E'ntra, ind.pre.S pn. sin. it, he, or she enters. From Entrar, v.n. 

to enter. 
E'ntran, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they enter. From Entrar, v.n. to enter. ' 
Entrar, inf.pre. v.n. to enter, to go in; v.a. to pJace to account. 
E'ntras, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou enterest. From Entrar, v.n. to enter. 
Entro, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she entered. From Entrar, v.n. 

to enter. 
E'ra, incZ.imp/.Spi.sin. it, he, or she was. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
E'ras, ind.impf .2 pn.sin. thou wert. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Eres, inrf.pe.2pi.sin. thou art. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Esta, ind.pre. S pi. sin. it, he, or she is. From Estar, v.n. to be. 
Estais, inrf.pe.3 pn.pl. you are. From Estar, v.n. to be. 
Estan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they are. From Estar, v.n. to be. 
Estar, inf.pre. v.n. to be, to exist, to understand. 
Estas, inrf,p*e.2pi.sin. thou art. From Estar, v.n. to be. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 123 

Estdi, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I am. From Estar, v.n. to be. 
Estraer, inf.pre. v.a. to extract, to remove, to draw, to select the 
best part. 



Falta, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it is necessary, or it, he, or she does not 

perform, or fulfil the part. From Faltar, v.n. to fall short. 
Faltar, inf. pre. v.n. to be wanting, to fall short, not to fulfil or 

perform, to be in want of. 
Fige, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may fix. From Fijar, 

v.a. to fix. 
Fige,- ind.pret.l pn.sin. I fixed. From Fijar, v.a. to fix. 
Fijan, imp.pre.3pn.pl. let them fix. From Fijar, v.a. to fix. 
Fijan, subj.pre.3 pn.pl. they may fix. From Fijdr, v.a. to fix. 
Fijar, inf. pre. v.a. to fix, to establish, to settle one's self. 
Fijas, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou fixest. From Fijar, v.a. to fix. 
Forma, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she forms. From Formar, v.a. to 

form. 
Formad, imp. pre. 2 pn.pl. form ye, or you. From Formar, v.a. to 

form. 
Forman ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they form> From Formar, v.a. to form. 
Formar, inf.pre. v.a. to form, to shape, to make, to put in order. 
Formas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou formest. From Formar, v.a. to form. 
Fruneir, inf.pre. v.a. to contract, to reduce to a small space, to 

conceal the truth, to affect modesty. 
Fuera, subj. I impf.l pn.sin. I would, or should be. From Ser, v.n. 

to be. 
Fueron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they were. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Fuese, subj.3 impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. 1, or it, he, or she should be. From 

Ser, v.n. to be. 
Fuesen, siibj.3impf.3pn.pl. they should be. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Fuimos, ind.pret. 1 pn.pl. we were. From Ser, v.n. to be. 

G. 

Ganan, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they gain. From Ganar, v.a. to gain 
Ganar, inf.pre. v.a. to win, to gain, to earn, to subdue. 
Ganas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou gainst. From Ganar, v.a. to gain. 
Gastar, inf.pre. v.a. to spend, to grow old, to become useless. 
Gastas. in d.pre. 2 pn. sin. thou spendest. From Gastar, v.a. to expend. 



124 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Gloria, ind.pre.3pn.stn. it, he, or she glories in. From Gloi'iar, v.r. 

to glory. 
Gloriar, inf.pre. v.r. to glory, to pride one's self, to boast of, to 

delight in, to brag. 
Gozan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they enjoy. From Gozar, v.a. to enjoy. 
Gozar, inf.pre. v.a. to enjoy, to be delighted with, to rejoice. 
Gozo, ind.pre.i pn.sin. I enjoy. From Gozar, v.a. to enjoy. 
Gozo ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she enjoyed. From Gozar, v.a. to 

enjoy. 
Goce, iwip.pre.2pu.sin. let him enjoy. From Gozar, v.a. to enjoy. 
Goce, subj.prel or 3 pn.sin. I may enjoy. From Gozar,\.A. to enjoy. 
Grangear, inf.pre. v.a. to acquire, to obtain, to attract, to gain, to 

farm. 
Gritan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they shout. From Gritar, v.n. to shout. 
Gritar, inf.pre. v.n. to shout, to hoot, to cry, to make noise. 
Guardan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they keep. From Gwirdar, v.a. to keep. 
Guardar, inf.pre. v.a. to keep, to guard, to preserve. 
Guardar, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou keepst. From Guardar, \.k. to keep. 
Guardo, ind.pre. \ pn.sin. I keep. From Guardar, v.a. to keep. 
Guardo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. I kept. From Guardar, v.a. to keep. 
Gustan, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. they taste, or like. From Gustar, v.a. to 

enjoy. 
Gustar, inf.pre. v.a. to taste, to enjoy, to like, to be pleased with. 

H. 

Habeis, ind.pre.3pn.pl. ye, or you have. From i/a&er,v. Aux.to have. 

Haber, inf.pre. v.aux. to have. 

Haber, inf.pre. v.imp. to be, as, there is — hai. 

Haber, inf.pre. v.a. to possess, to hold, to keep, to have. 

Habia, ind.imp. 1 or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she had. From Haber, v.aux. 

to have. 
Habian, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they had. From Haber, v.aux. to have. 
Habias, ind.impj '.2 pn.sin. thou hadst. From Haber, v.aux. to have. 
Habia, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she speaks. From Hablar, v.n. to 

speak. 
Habian, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they speak. From Hablar, v.n. to speak. 
Hablar, inf.pre. v.n. to speak; v.a. to utter, to say, to discourse on. 
Habias, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou speakst. From Hablar, v.n. to speak. 
Hable, imp.pre. 3 pn.sin. let him speak. From Hablar, v. N.to speak. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 125 

Hablo, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she spoke. From Hablar, v.n. to 

speak. 
Habra, ind.fut.3pn.sin. it, he, or she will, or shall have. From 

Haber, v.aux. to have. 
Habra, indfut.3 pn.sin.or pi. there will be. From Haber,v.mv.to be. 
Ha.br in, ind.fut. 3 pn.pl. they shall, or will have. From Hafter, v.aux. 

to have. 
Habras, ind.fut.2pn.sin. thou shalt, or will have. From Haler, 

v.aux. to have. 
Hace, ind.prs.3pn.sin. it, he, or she does, or makes. From Hacer, 

v.a. to make. 
Hace, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it is. From Hacer, v.imp. to be. 
Haced, imp.pre.2 pn.pl. do, or vouchsafe thou. From Hacer, v.a. to 

make. 
Hacen, ind.pre.dpn.pl. they do, or make. From Hacer, v.a. to make. 
Haces, ind.pre.2pn.sin. thou makest. From Hacer, v.a. to make. 
Hacer, inf. pre. v.a. to make, to do, to endeavour, to execute, to 

perform, to determine. 
Haeia, ind.impf.l or o pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she made. From Hacer, 

v.a. to do. 
Hacia, ind.impf." pn.sin. it was. From Hacer, v.imp. to be. 
Hacian, ind.impf.dpn.pl. they made. From Hacer, v.imp. to make. 
Hacias, ind.impf .2 pn.sin. thou madest. From Hacer, v.a. to make. 
Haga, imp.pre.d pn.sin. let him make. From Hacer, v.a. to make. 
Haga, subj.pre.L or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may make. From 

Hacer, v.a. to make. 
Hagais, subj pre.2pn.pl. you may make. Fro^Eacer, v.a. to make. 
Hagan, subj. pre. pn.pl. they may make. From Hacer, v.a. to make. 
Hagas, subj.pre.2 pn.sin. thou mayest make. From Hacer, v.a. to 

make. 
Halla, imp.pre.2 pn.sin. find thou. From Hollar, v.a. to find. 
Halla, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she finds. From flallar, v.a. to find. 
Hallan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they find. From Hallar, v.a. to find. 
Hailar, inf. pre. v.a. to find, to encounter, to meet, to discover. 
Hallas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou findest. From Hallar, v.a. to find. 
Halle, md.pre. 3 pn.sin. let him find. From Hallar, v.a. to find. 
Halle subj.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may find. From Hallar, 

v.a. to find. 
12 



126 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Hallo, iii(l!p'e.l pn.sin. I find. From Hallar, v.a. to find. 
Hallo, ind.pret.S pn.sin. he found. From Hallar, v.a. to find. 
Hara, ind.futr.3 pn.sin. he shall, or will find. From Hallar, v. a. to 

find. 
Haras, indfutr.2 pn.sin. thou shalt, or wilt make, or do. From 

Hacer, v.a. to make. 
Hare, ind.futr.l pn.sin. I shall, or will do, or make. From Haccr, 

v.a. to make. 
Haria, subj.l impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or* it, he, or she would do, or 

make. From Hacer, v.a. to make. 
Harias, subj. 1 impj '.2 pn.sin. thou wouldst do, or make. From Hacer, 

v.a. to make. 
Hartar, inf.pre. v.a. to feed, to glut, to satiate. 
Haya, subj.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. 1 may have. From Haber,y.kus.. to have. 
Hayas, subj.pre.2 2m.sin. thou mayest have. From Haber, v.aux. to 

have. 
Helar, inf.pre. v.imp. to freeze, to congeal, to coagulate. 
Hemos, ind.pre.i pn.pl. we have. From Haber, v.alx. to have. 
Hervir, inf.pre. v.n. to boil, to swarm, to be crowded. 
Hiela, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it freezes. From Helar, v.imf. to freeze. 
Hierven, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they swarm. From Hervl , v.n. to swarm-. 
Hizo, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she did, or made. From Hacer, 

v.a. to make. 
Holgar, inf.pre. v.n. to be pleased, to rejoice, to amuse one's self. 
Hollar, inf.pre. v.a. to tread, to trample upon, to break through. 

to violate, to crush. 
Hollas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou treadst. From Hollar, v.a. to tread. 
Hojlid, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she trampled upon-> From Hollar,, 

v.a. to tread. 
Hooran, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they honour, or worship. From Honrar, 

v.a. to honour. 
Honrar, inf.pre. v.a. to honour, to reverence, to fondle, to praise. 
Hdnras, ind.pre.S pn.sin. thou honourest. From Honrar, \. a. to 

honour. 
Hubo, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she had. From Haber, v.aux. to 

have. 
Huela, subj .pre. 1 or S pn.sin. it, he, or she may smell. From Oler, 

v.n. to smell. 
Huele,md.;pre.3 pn.sin, it, he, or she smells. From Oler t v,x. to smell 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 127 

Huella, iinp.pre.2pn.sin. trample thou. From Hollar ,v.a. to trample-. 
Huella, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she tramples. From Hollar, v.a. 

to trample. 
Huellan, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they trample. From Hollar, v.a. to trample. 
Huellas, ind.p-e.2pn.sin. thou tramplest. From Hollar, v.a. to 

trample. 
Huelle, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may trample. From 

Hollar, v.a. to trample. 
Huelles, subj. pre. 2 pn.sin. thou mayest trample. From Hollar, v.a. 
. to trample. 
Humea, ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she smokes. From Humear, v.n. 

to emit smoke. 
Humear, inf.pre. v.n. to smoke, to he kindled, to be inflamed. 
Humeas, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou smokest. From Humear, v.n. to 

smoke, 
llurtar, inf.pre. v.a* to steal, to rob, to cheat, to separate. 
Hurtas, ind.pre, 2 pn.sin. thou stealest. From Hurtar, v.a. to steal. 
Huye, imp. pre. 2 pn.sin. fly thou. From Huir, v.n. to fly. 
Huye, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she flies. From Huir, v.n. to fly. 
Huyen, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they fly. From Huir, v.n. to fly. 
Huyes, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou fliest. From Huir, v.n. to fly. 
Huyo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I fly. From Huir, v.n. to fly. 
Huyo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she flew From Huir, v.n. to fly. 

I. 

Fba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she was going. From Ir, 

v.n. to go. 
Fban, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they were going. From Ir, v.n. to go. 
Fbas, ind.impf .2 pn.sin. thou wast going. From Ir, v.n. to go. 
Influir, inf.pre. v.a. to influence, to prevail upon, to interfere. 
Instar, inf.pre. v.a. to press, to urge, to urge the execution. 
Ireis, ind.fuir.2pn.pl. you shall, or will go. From Ir, v.n. to go. 

J. 

Junta, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she joints. From Juntar, v.a. to 

joint. 
Juntan, ind.pre.3pn.pl they joint. From Juntar, v.a. to join. 
Juntar, inf.pre. v.a. to join, to unite, to assemble, to be closely 

United, 



123 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Junto, ind.pre. \ pn.sin. I join. From Juniar, v.a. to join. 

Junto, ind.prct.S pn.sin. it, he, or she joined. From Juntar, v.a. to 

join. 
Jura, imp.pre. 2 pn.sin. swear thou. From Jurar, v.n. to swear. 
Jura, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she swears. From Jurar, v.n. to 

swear. 
Jiiran, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they swear. From Jurar, v.n. to swear. 
Jurar, infprc. v.n. to swear, to make oath, to call to witness any 

great power, to curse. 
Juzga. imp.pre? pn.sin. judge thou. From Juzgar, v.n. to judge. 
Juzga, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she judges. From Juzgar, v.n. to 

judge. 
Juzgad, imp.pre. 2 pn.pl judge ye. From Juzgar, v.n. to judge. 
Juzgan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they judge. From Juzgar, v.n. to judge. 
Juzgar, ind.pre. v.a. to judge, or adjudge, to pass a sentence, to 

award. 
Juzgar, h.fpre. v.n. to judge, to form an opinion, to apprehend. 



Labran, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they labour, or work. From Labrar, v.a. 

to labour. 
Labrar, inf.pfe. v.a. to work, to labour, to till, to construct, to form. 
Labras, ind pre. 2 pn.sin. thou labourcst. From Labrar,\.&. to labour. 
Labro, ind.pre. I pn.sin. I labour. From Labrar, v.a. to labour. 
Labro, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she laboured. From Labrar, v.a ; 

to labour. 
Lanza, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she throws. From Lanzar, v.a. 

to throw. 
Lanzan, ind.pre.S pn.sin. they throw. From Lanzar, v.a. to throw. 
Lanzar, inf. pre. v.a. to cast, to throw, to dart, to let loose, to 

rush upon. 
Lahzo, inf.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she rushed upon, or threw. From 

Lanzar, v.a. to throw. 
Lavan, ind pre.Spn.pl. they clear, or wash. From Lanzar, v.a. to 

throw. 
Lavar, inf.pre. v.a. to wash, to clear (from a charge,) to white 

wash. 
Leen, ind.pre.2pn.pl. they read. From Leer, v.a. to read. 
Leer, infpre. v.a. to peruse, to lecture, to penetrate into. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 129 

Leia 5 ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she read. From Leer, , 

v.A. to read. 
Leian, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they read. From Leer, v.a. to read. 
Leias, ind.impf .2 pn.sin. thou readst. From Leer, v.a. to read. 
Libra, imp.pre.2pn.sin. deliver, or free thou. From Librar, v.a. to 

exempt. 
Libra, ind.pre.l pn.sin. it, he, or she delivers. From Librar, v.a, to 

deliver. 
Libran, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they deliver. From Librar, v.a. to deliver. 
Librar, inf.pre. "v.a. to free, to deliver, to exempt, to dispatch, to 

give an order. 
Libras,md.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou deliverest. From Library. a. to deliver. 
Logra, ind.pre.3 pn..sin. it, he, or she obtains. From Lograr, y,& 

to obtain. 
Logran, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they obt'ain. From Lograr, v.a. to obtain-. 
Lograr, inf.pre. v.a. to obtain, to accomplish, to succeed, to ac- 
quire, to enjoy, to avail one's self. 
Logras, ind.p-e. 2 pn.sin. thou obtainest. From Lograr, v.a. to obtain, 
Logro, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I obtain, or enjoy. From Lograr, v.a. to 

obtain. 
Logro, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she obtained. From Lograr, v.a. 

to obtain. 
hiicz, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or sheshines. From Lucir,v.x. to shine. 
Lucen, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they shine. From Lucir, v.n. to shine. 
Luces, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou shinest. From Lucir, v.n. to shine. 
Lucir, inf.pre. v.n. to shine, to be brilliant, to make a figure, to 

glitter, to gleam. 
Lucir, inf.pre. v.a. to enlighten, to outshine, to exceed. 
Luzco, ind.preA pn.sin. I shine. From Lucir, v.n. to shine. 

LL. 

Llama, imppre. 2 pn.sin. call thou. From Llamar, v.a. to call. 
L\a.ma,,ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she calls. From Llamar, y. a to ca£L 
Llaman, ind.pre.3pn.pl. tlaey call. From Llamar, v.a. to call. 
Llamar, inf.pre. v.a. to call, to invoke, to name, to demand, to 

invoke. 
Llamar, inf.pre. v.n. to refer to any book or writing. 
Llamas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou callest. From Llamar, v.a. to calL 
12* 



ISO VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Llame, subj.preA or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may call. From 

Llamar, v.a. to call. 
Llame, ind.prrf.l pn.sin. I called. From Llamar, v.a. to call. 
Llamen, subj.pre.Spn.pl. they may call. From Llamar, v.a. to call. 
Llames, sub j. pre. 2 pn.sin. thou mayst call. From Llamar ,v,A.to call. 
Llamo, ind.pre.A pn.sin. I call. From Llamar, v.a. to call. 
Llamo,mfLp^.3jm.si>;.it,he,or she called. FrornL7ft?n(/r,v.A.tocall. 
Llega, ind.pre.S piusin. it, he, or she ends in. From Llegar a, v.n. 

to end by, or in. 
Llega, ind.pre.Spn. sin. it, he, or she arrives. From Llegar, v.n. to 

arrive. 
Llegan, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they arrive. From Llegar, v.N. to arrive at. 
Llegar, inf.pre. v.n. to arrive at, to become, to attain, to be enough. 

to ascend. . 

Llegar, inf.pre. v.r. to approach, to join. 

Llegas, ind.prr.S pn.sin. thou arrivest. From Llegar, v.n. to arrive. 
Llego, ind.pre.lpn.sin. I arrive. From Llegar, v.n. to arrive. 
Llego, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she arrived. From Llegar, v.n. to 

arrive. 
Llegue, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I arrived. From Llegar, v.n. to arrive. 
Llegue, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may arrive. From 

Llegar, v.n. to arrive. 
Lleguen, subj.pre.Spn.pl. they may arrive. From Llegar, v.n. to 

arrive. 
Llena, imp. pre. 2 pn.sin. fill thou. From Llenar, v.a. to fill. 
Llena, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she fills, or occupies. From Lle- 
nar, v.a. to fill. 
Llenan, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they fill.From Llenar, v.a. to fill. 
Llenar, inf.pre. v.a. to fill, to occupy, to accomplish, to perform. 
Llenas, inch pre. 2 pn.sin. thou fillest. From Llenar, v.a. to fill. 
Lleva, imp. pre. 2 pn.sin. carry thou. From Llevar, v.a. to carry. 
Lleva, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she carries. From Lhvar, v.a. to 

carry. 
Llevan, ind.pre.lpnpl. they carry. From Llevar, v.a. to carry. 
Llevar, inf.pre. v.a. to carry, to bring, to bear, to produce, to gain, 

to charge. 
Llevas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou earnest. From Llevar, v.a. to carry, 
Lleve, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may carry. From 
Llevar, v.a. to carry. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 133 

Lleve, ind.pret.3pn.sin. I carried. From Llevar, v.a. to carry. 
Llevo, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I carry. From Llevar, v.a. to carry. 
Llevo, ind.pret 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she carried. From Llevar, v.a. to 

carry- 
Lldra, imp. pre. 2 pn.sin. weep thou. From Llorar, v.a. to weep. 
Llora, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she weeps. From Llorar, v.a. to 

weep. 
Lloran, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they weep. Fr%m Llorar, v.a. to weep. 
Llorar. infpre. v.n. to weep, to show sorrow by tears. 
Llorar, inf. pre. v.a. to weep, to lament, to bemoan, to bewail, to 

drop. 
Lloras ind.pre.2_pn.sin. thou weepst. From Llorar, v.a. to weep. 
Lldro. m pre. i pn.sin. I weep. From Llorar, v.a. to weep. 
Lloro, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she wept. From Llorar, v.a. to 

weep. 
Llover, inf. pre. v.imp. to rain, to pour down, to shower, to abound, 

to come in abundance. 
Llueve, ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. it rains. From Llover, v.imp. to rain, 

M. 

Malear, inf. pre. v.a. to injure, to spoil, to corrupt. 

Malear, infpre. v.r. to be lost, to be spoiled, to be destroyed. 

Manca, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. it, he, or she maims, or fails. From Mancar, 

v.a. to maim. 
Mancar, infpre. v.a. to maim, to disable, to fail, not to produce 

the desired effect. 
Manda, ind. pre. 3 pn, sin. it, he, or she orders. From Mandar, v*a. 

to order. 
Mandar, inf. pre. v.a. to command, to order, to bequeath, to send, 

to promise. 
Mando, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I order. From Mandar, v.a. to order. 
Mando, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. he ordered. From Mandar, v.a. to order. 
Marchar, infpre. v.a. to march, to walk, to go. 
Matar, infpre. v.a. to kill, to murder, to slay, to extinguish, to vex. 
M&t6,imp.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she killed. From Matar,y.A.tokiU, 
Mece, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she stirs, or rocks. From Mecer, 

v.a. to rock. 
Mecer, infpre. v.a. to stir, to agitate, to jumble, to rock, to shake. 
Medir } in/.j)re. v.a. to measure, to fall flat, to compare, to moderate. 



132 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Meten, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they put. From Meter, v.a. to put. 
Meter, inf.pre. v.a. to put, to include, to occasion, to stake. 
Metid, ind.pret .3 pn.sin. it, he, or she put. From Meter, v.a. to put. 1 
Mezclar, inf.pre. v.a. to mix, to mingle, to spread a false report, 

to kindle dissensions. 
Mira, ind.pre.2pn sin. behold, or mind thou. From Mirar, v.a. to 

behold. 
Mira, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he^pr she looks. From Mirar, y. a. to look. 
Mirad, imp.pre.2pn.pl. see, look ye, or you. From Mirar, v.a. to 

look. 
Miran, ind.pre.3 pn pi. they look. From Mirar, v.a. to look. 
Mirar, inf.pre. v.a. to look, to see, to mind, to behold, to respects 
Miro, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin.it, he, or she beheld. From Mirar, v.A.to look. 
Mire, imp.jrre.S pn.sin. let it, her, or him look. From Mirar, v.a. 

to look. 
Mire, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may look. From Mi- 
rar, v.a. to look. 
Miren, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may look. From Mirar, v.a. to look. 
Miro, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I look. From Mirar, v.a. to look. 
Miro, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she looked. From Mirar, v.a. to 

look. 
Montar, inf.pre. v.a to mount: v.n. to go on horse-back, to amount. 
Monto, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it amounted, or it, he, or she mounted. 

From Montar, v.n. to amount. 
Morir, ind.pre. v.n to die, to perish, to become extinct. 
Mostrar, inf.pre. v.a. to show, to exhibit, to establish, to explain. 
Mostro, bid pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she shewed. From Mostrar, v.a. 

to show. 
Muera, imp.pre.3 pn.sin. let it, him, or her die. From Morir, v.n. 

to die. 
Muera, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may die. From 

Morir, v. n. to die. 
Muere, ind pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he. or she dies. From Morir, v.n. to die. 
Muero, ind.pret. 1 pn.sin. I die. From Morir, v.n- to die. 
Muestra, subj.pre. 1 or 3 pn, I, or it, he, or she may shew. From 

Mostrar, v a. to show. 
Muestran, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they show. From Mostrar, v.a. to show. 
Murio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she died. From Morir, v.n. to die. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 135 

N. 

Nace, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she is born, or rises. From Nacer, 

v.n. to be born. 
Naceis, ind.pre.2 pn.pl. ye, or you are born, or rise. From Nacer, 

v.n. to be born. 
Nacen, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they are born, or rise. From Yacer, v.n. to 

be born. 
N&cer, inf. pre. v.n. to be born, to rise, to blossom, to bud, to spring. 
Naci, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I was born. From Nacer, v.n. to be born. 
Nacid, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she was born. From Nacer, v.n. 

to be born. 
Nada, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she swims. From Nadar, v.n. to 

swim. 
Nadar, inf. pre. v.n. to float, to swim, to be loose, to abound. 
Negar, infpre. v.a. to deny, to refuse, to disturb, to disown, to 

conceal. 
Negar, infpre. v.r. to deny one's self, to decline (doing, a thing.) 
Nego, ind.pret. v.a. it, he, or she denied. From Negar, v.a. to deny. 
Niega ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she denies. From Negar, v.a. to 

deny. 
Niegan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they deny. From Negar, v.a. to deny. 
Niego, ind.preA pn.sin. I deny. From Negar,' v; a. to deny. 
Nota, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she remarks. From Notar, v.a. to 

remark. 
Notan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they remark. From Notar, v.a. to remark. 
Notar, infpre. v.a. to remark, to observe, to note, to take notes. 
Noto, ind.preA pn.sin. I remark. From Notar, v.a. to remark. 
Noto, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she remarked. From Notar, v.a.. 

to remark. 

0. 

O'bra, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she labours. From Obrar, v.a. to 

labour. 
Obrad, imp. pre. 2 pn.pl. labour you. From Obrar, v.a. to labour. 
O'bran, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they labour. From Obrar, v.a. to labour. 
Obrar, infpre v.a. to work, to labour, to perform, to execute, to 

practice. 
O'bras, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou labourst. From Obrar, v.a. to labour. 



134 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

O'iga, imp.pre.S pn.sin. let it, him, or her hear. From Oir, v.a. to 

hear. 
O'iga, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may hear. From Oir, 

v.a. to hear. 
O'igan, subj.pre.3 pn.pl. they may hear. From Oir, v.a. to hear. 
O'igas, subj.pre.2pn.sin. thou mayst hear. From Oir, v.a. to hear. 
O'igo, inii.pre. 1 pn.sin. I hear. From Oir, v.a. to hear. 
Oira, ind.futr. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will hear. From Oir, v.a. to 

hear. 
Oiste, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou heardst. From Oir, v.a. to hear. 
Ondear, inf.pre. v.a. to undulate, to form waves, to fluctuate, to 

seesaw. 
Or ar, inf. pre. v.N.to pray, to supplicate heaven, to ask, to harangue. 
Ornad, imp.pre. 2 pn.pl. ornament you. From Ornar,v. a. to ornament. 
Ornar,in/.p-e. v.A.to ornament, to adorn, to embellish, to decorate. 
Osar, inj.pre. v.n. to dare, to venture, to be so bold as, to fancy. 
O'ye, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she hears. From Oir, v.a. to hear. 
O'ye, imp.pre.2 pn.sin. hear thou. From Oir, v.a. to hear. 
O'y en, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they hear. From Oir, v.a. to hear. 
O'yes, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou hearest. From Oir, v.a. to hear. 

P. 

Paga, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she pays. From Pagar, v.a. to pay. 
Pagan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they pay. From Pagar, v.a. to pay. 
Pagar, inf.pre. v.a. to pay, to atone, to please, to reward. 
Pagas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou payst. From Pagar, v.a. to pay. 
PaJpa, ind.pre 3 pn.sin. thou feelst. Palpar, v.a. to feel. 
Palpar, inf.pre. v.a. to feel, to touch, to search by feeling in the 

dark. 
Parad,MicZ.p-e.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she stops. From Parar,v.N. to stop,. 
Paraa, imp.pre.2 pn.pl. stop ye. From Parar, v.n. to stop. 
Parar, inf.pre. v.a. to detain, to impede, to end, to happen, to 

point out. 
Parar, inf.pre. v.n. to stop, to halt. 

Parten, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they depart. From Partir, v.n. to depart. 
Partia, ind.hnpf 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she departed. From Paf- 

tir, v.n. to depart. 
Partio, ind.pret opn.sin. it, he, or she departed. From Partir, v.n. 

to depart. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 135 

Partir, inf. pre. v.n. to depart, to go off, to set out, to start. 
Partir, ind.pre. v.a. to divide, to separate, to part, to attack, to 

resolve. 
Va.s-d,ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she passes. From Pasar, v. a. to pass* 
Pasais, ind.pre.2pn.pl. ye, or you pass. From Pasar, v.a. to pass. 
Pasan, ind.pre.S pn pi. they pass. From Pasar, v.a. to pass. 
Pasar, inf. pre. v.a. to pass, to cross, to run through, to penetrate^, 

to exceed 
Pasar, inf. pre. v.n. to pass, to go, to call on, to die. 
Pasas, ind.pre.2pn.sin. thou passest. From Pasar, v.a. to pass. 
Pasean, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they walk. From Pasear, v.n. to walk. 
Pasear,in/".pre. v,n. to walk, to move slowly, to go, to take exercise. 
Pasmar, inf.pre. v.a. to astonish, to astound, to make torpid, to 

suffer spasms, to be enraptured. 
Paso, ind.pret.Spn.sin. it, he, or she passed. From Pasar, v.a. to 

pass. 
Paso, ind.jn-e.l pn.sin. I pass. From Pasar, v.a. to pass. 
Peca, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she sins From Pecar, v.n. to sin, 
Pecar, inf.pre. v.n. to transgress the laws of God, or to sin, to be 

wanting, to commit excess. 
Pedfa, ind.impf. ? pn0in. it, he, or she asked. From Pedir, v.a. 

to ask. 
Pedian, ind.impf .3 pn.pl. they asked. From Pedir, v.a. to ask. 
Pedir, mi/ pre. v.a. to ask, to petition, to wish, to desire, to demand. 
Pedis, ind-prc.2pn.pl. you ask. From Pedir, v.a. to ask. 
Pelear, inf.pre. v.a. to fight, to combat, to quarrel, to contend. 
Pende, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she hangs, or depends. From- 

Pender, v.n. to depend. 
Pender, inf.pre. v.n. to hang over, to depend, to be irresolute. 
Pensar, inf.pre. v.a. to think, to imagine, to believe, to weigh. 
Perder, inf.pre. v.a. to lose, to miss, to lavish, to mispend. 
Perdi, ind.pret. 1 pn.sin. I lost. From Perder, v.a. to lose. 
Perdia, ind.impf. 1 or S pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she lost. From Perder, 

to lose, 
Verdio, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she lost. From Perder,\.A. to lose* 
Pesa, ind.pre.S pn.sJn. it grieved me, or I am sorry for. From Pe- 

sar, v.n. to be sorry ior. 
Pesar, inf.pre. v.n. to be sorry for, to be concerned, to be valua- 
ble, to be of weight. 



136 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Pesar, inf. pre. v.a. to weigh, to examine, to ascertain, to balance. 
Pican, ind. pre. 3 pn.pl. they prick, From Picar, v.a. to prick. 
Picar, inf. pre. v. a. to prick, to peck, to sting, to fret, to itch, to 

spur, to stimulate. 
Pide, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she begs. From Pedir, v.a. to ask. 
Piden, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they beg. From Pedir, v.a. to beg. 
Piensa, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she thinks. From Pensar, v.n. to 

think. 
Piensan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they think. From Pensar, v.n. to think. 
Pierda, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may lose. From Per- 

der, v.a. to lose. 
Pierden, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they lose. From Perder, v.a. to lose. 
Pierdo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I lose. From Perder, v.a. to lose. 
Pintan, ind.pre.3pA pi. they paint. From Pintar, v.a. to paint. 
Pintar, inf.pre. v.a. to paint, to portrait, to describe, to delineate. 
Piquen, sxibj.pr ?$:'■> pn pi. incy may peck. From Picar, v.a. to peck. 
Pisar, inf.pre. v.a. to ire ad, to stamp, to trample. 
Pise, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may tread. From Pisar, 

v.a. to tread. 
Piso, imp.pre.~i pn.sin. I tread. From Piscn^.A. to tread. 
Planta, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she piants.Wrom Plantar, v.a. to 

plant. 
Plantar, inf.pre. v.a. to plant, to set up, to fix, to erect. 
Plauto, ind.pre. 1 pn.s<.n. I plant. From Plantar, v.a. to plant. 
Planto, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. I planted. From Plantar, v.a. to plant. 
Podeis, 'nd.pre."2 pn.pl. ye may. From Poder, v.a. to be able. 
Poder, inf. pie. v.a. to be able, may, or can, to have the power, 

faculty, to be invested with, to have energy. 
Podia, ind.impfA or ti pn.sin. I could. From Poder, v.a. to be able. 
Podian, ind. imp f 3 pn.pl. they could. From Poder, v.a. to be able. 
Podre, ind.futr.l pn sin. I shall be able. From Poder, v.a. to be able. 
Pone, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin it, he, or she puts. From Poner, v.a. to put. 
Ponen, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they put. From Poner, v.a. to put. 
Poner, inf.pre. v.a. to put, to placs, to set, to lay, to impose. 
Pones, inc!pre.3 jm.sin. thou putst. From Poner, v.a. to put. 
Ponia, ind.impf. lx>r 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she placed. From Poner, 

v.a. to put. 
Ponga, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may put. From Ponm\ 

v.a. to put. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 13f 

Pongo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I put. From Poner, v.a. to put. 

Poslrar, inf. pie. v.a. to prostrate, to humble, to debilitate, to ex- 
haust. 

Postrar, inf.pre. v. r. to prostrate one's self, to kneel. 

Premia, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she rewards. From Premiar, v.a. 
to reward. 

Premiar, inf.pre. v.a. to recompense, to reward, to remunerate. 

Premio, ind.pret.o pn.sin. it, he, or she rewarded. From Premiar } 
v.a. to reward. 

Prever, inf.pre. v.a. to foresee, to foreknow. 

Priva, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it. he, or she deprives. From Privar, v.a. to 
deprive. 

Priva, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she enjoys the favour or protection 
of. From Privar, v.n. to enjoy the favour of. 

Pri van, inf.pre. v.a. to deprive, to preclude, to prohibit, to suspend. 

Privar, inf pre. v.n. to enjoy the protection of. 

Probar, inf.pre. v.a. to try, to examine, to prove, to taste, to at- 
tempt, to experience. 

Prueba, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she proves. From Probar, v.a. 
to prove. 

Prueben, subj pre.S pn.pl. they may prove. From Probar, v.a.. to 
prove, 

Pude, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I could. From Poder, v.a. to be able. 

Pudo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it he or she could. From Poder, v.a. to be 
able. 

Puede, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she can. From Poder, v.a. to be 
able. 

Pueden, vndpre.3pn.pl. they can. From Poder, v.a. to be able. 

Puedes, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou canst. From Poder, v.a. to be able. 

Puedo, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. 1 can. From Pcder, v.a. to be able. 

Pule, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she polishes. From Pw/ir, v.a. to 
polish. 

Pulen, ind.pre. i pn.pl. they polish. From Pulir, v.a. to polish. 

Puiir, inf.pre. v.a. to polish, to finish, to adorn, to civilize, to en- 
lighten. 

Fuse, ind.pre.S pn.sin. I put. From Poner, v.a. to put. 

Puso, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she put. From Poner, v.a. to put, 
13 



138 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Q- 

Queda, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she remains. From Quedar, v.n. 

to remain. 
Quedan, ind.pre. 3j;>n.;)Z. they remain. From Quedar, v.n. to remain. 
Quedar, inf.pre. v.n. to stay, to remain, to continue, to last. 
Quede, subj.pre.l or § pn.sin., I or it, he, or she may remain. From 

Quedar, v.n. to remain. 
Quedo, ind.pre.3pn.sin. 1 remain. From Quedar, v.n. to remain. 
Quedo, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she remained. From Quedar, v.n. 

to remain. 
Queja, ind.pre.1pn.sin. it, he, or she complains. From Quejar, \.r. 

to complaifl. 
Quejan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they complain. From Quejar, v.r. to com- 
plain. 
Quejar, ind.pre.2pn.sin. thou complainest. From Quejar, v.r. to 

complain. 
Quejar, inf.pre. v.r. to complain, to mention with sorrow, to 

lament. 
Quejo, ind.pre. I pn.sin. I complain. From Quejar, v.r. to complain. 
Quejo, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she complained. From Quejar, 

v.r. to complain. 
Quema, ind.pre. t pn.sin. it, he, or she burns. From Quemar, v.a. 

to burn. 
Quemar, inf.pre. v.a. to burn, to consume by fire, to waste, to 

parch. 
Quemar, inf.pre. v.n. to burn, or be very hot, to fret, to be im- 
patient. 
Quereis, ind.pre. 2 pn.pl. ye, or you wish. From Querer, v.a. to be 

willing. 
Querer, inf.pre. v.a. to wish, to desire, to be willing-, to love, to 

agree, to will, to like, to be fond of. 
Queria, indjmpfA or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she was willing. From 

Querer, v.a. to will. 
Querian, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they were willing. From Querer, v.a. 

to like. 
Querias,incUmp/.2;m.$ir}.thou wert willing. From Querer, \. a. to will. 
Qui ra, imp.pre.3 pn.sin. would to it, him, or her. From Querer. 

v.a. to like. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 1S9 

Quiera, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may be willing. 

From Querer, v.a. to be willing. 
Quieran, subj.pre.S pn.pl. they may be willing. From Querer, x.a, 

to be willing. 
Quieras, subj.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou maystbe willing. From Querer, v. A' 

to be willing. 
Quiere, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. he is willing. From Querer, v.a. to be 

willing. 
Quieren, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they are willing. From Querer, v.a. to be 

willing. 
Quieres, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou art willing. From Querer, v.a. to be 

willing. 
Quita, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she takes away. From Quitar, v.a. 

to take away. 
Quitan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they take away. From Quitar, v.a. to take 

away. 
Quitar , inf. pre. v.a. to take away, to remove, to separate, to leave,, 

to usurp. 
Quitas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou takest away. From Tomar, v.a. to 

take away. 
Q,uito,ind.pre.l pn.sin. I take away. From Tomar, v. a. to take away. 
Quito, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she took away. From Tomar, v.a. 

to take away. 

R. 

Recrear, inf.pre. v.a. to amuse, to delight, to gratify, to divert 
one's thoughts. 

Recreas, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou amusest. From Recrear, v.a. to de- 
light. 

Regar, inf.pre. v.a. to water, to bedew, to sprinkle, to irrigate. 

Regla, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. he rules. From Reglar, v.a. to rule. 

Regla, ind/pre.2 pn.sin. regulate thou. From Reglar, v.a. to rule. 

Reglar, inf.pre. v.a. to regulate, to rule, to direct, to reform. 

Reinan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they reign. From Reinar, v.a. to reign. 

Reinar, inf.pre. v.a. to reign, to prevail, to govern, to command. 

Rendir, inf.pre. v.a. to yield, to surrender, to subject, to subdue. 

Rendir, inf.pre. v.r. to yield, to surrender, to be worn out by 
fatigue. 

Restar, in f pre. v.a. to remain, to be left, to subtract. 



110 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Reunir, inf.pre. v.a. to join, to unite, to collect together. 
Ri5gan, iadpre.Spn.pl. they water. From Regar, v.a. to water. 
Riegas, ihi.pfe.fi ph.sin. thou waterest. From Regar, v.a. to water. 
Rinde, ind.prc.3pn.dn. it, he, or she yields. From Rendir, v.a. to 

yield. 
Rinden, ind.prc.Spn.pl. they yield. From Rendir, v a. to yield. 
I\6bz.,inJ.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she steals. From Robar,x.\. to steal. 
Roban, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they steal. From Robar, v.a. to steal. 
Rodean, ind.pre.S pn.sin. they turn. From Rodear, v.a. to move. 
Rodear, inf.pre. v.a. to encircle (a place,) to go a round about 

way, to turn, to wrap up. 
Rogar, inf.pre. v.a. to pray, to beseech, to implore, to entreat. 
Uogo, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she implored. From Rogar, v.a. 

to implore. 
Romper, inf.pre. v.a. to break, to crack, to rout, to transgress, to 

interrupt. 
Rompio, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she broke. From Romper, v.a. 

to break. 
Ruega, subj.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may break. From 

Romper, v.a. to break. 
Ruegan, ind.pre.S pn.nl. they break. From Romper, v.a. to break. 

S. 

Sabe, imp. pre. .2 pn.sin. know thou. From Saber, v.a. to know. 
Sabe, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she knows. From Saber, v.a. to 

know. 
Saben, ind.pre.S jm.pl. they know. From Saber, v.a. to know. 
Saber, inf.pre. v.a. to know, to experience, to be learned, to be 

possessed of talents. 
Sabes, hid pre.2 pn.sin thou knowest. From Saber, v.a. to know. 
Sabia, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she knew. From Saber, v.a. 

to know. 
Sablan, ind.impf.Spn.pl. they knew. From Saber, v.a. to know. 
Sacar, inf.pre. v.a. to take off, to draw, to extrast, to exclude, to 

clear, to free. 
Saco, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she took off. From -Sacar, v.a. to 

draw. 
Saldra, ind.futr.S pn.sin. it, he, or she will go out. From Salir, \yn. 

to go out. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 141 

Sale, ind.pre3pn.sin. it, he, or she goes out. From Salir, v.n. to 

go out. 
Salen, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they go out. From Salir, v.n. to go out. 
Sail, ind.prel. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she went out. From Salir, v.n. to 

go cut. 
Salia, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin I, it, he, or she went out. From Salir, 

v.n. to go out. , 

Salian, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they went out. From SaZir,v.N. to go out. 
Salias, ind.impf.2 pn.sin. thou wentst out. FromSalir, v.n. to go out* 
Salio, ind pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she went out. From Salir, v.n. 

to go out. 
Salir, inf. pre. v.n. to go out, to start, to depart, to appear, to ex- 
tricate one's self. 
Salis, ind.pre.2pn.pl. they go out. From Salir, v.n. to go out. 
Saiga, imp.pre.3 pn.sin. let it, him, or her go out. From Salir, v.n. 

to go out. 
Saiga, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he or she may go out. From Salir, 

v.n. to go out. 
Salgan, subj.pre 3 pn.pl. they may go out. From Salir, v.n. to go out. 
Saltan, ind. pre. 3 pn.pl. they jump. From Saltar, v.n. to jump. 
Saltar, inf. pre. v.n. to leap, to jump, to burst, to be obvious, to be 

irritated. 
Salva, ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she saves. From Salvar, v. a. to 

save. 
Salvan, ind.pre 3 pn.pl they save. From Salvar, v.a. to save. 
Salvar ,inf.pre. v.A.to free from danger, to remove,to save,to spare,. 
Salvar, inf. pre. v.r. to escape from danger, to get over difficulties. 
Saque, imp.pre. 2 pn.sin. let it, him, or her take off. From Sacar t 

v.a. to take off. 
Saque, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she may take off. From 

Sacar, v.a. to take off. 
Saquen, subj.pre.Spn.pl. they may take off. From Sacar, v.a. to 

take off. 
Seais, subj.pre.2pn.pl. ye, or you may be. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Seguir, infpre. v.a. to follow, to prosecute, to conform to, to ac- 
company. 
Sentar, infpre. v.a to fix. to establish, to set up, to enter, to lay 

down, to agree with. 
Sentar, inf.pre. v.r. to sit down, to take a chair. 
13* 



142 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLE?. 

Sentia, inJ.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, lie, or she felt. From Seniir, v.a. 
to feel. 

Sentir, inf.pre. v.a. to feel, to perceive, to be sorry for, to grudge. 

Sentir, infpre. v.a. to be moved, to be angry, to be sensible of, 
to resent. 

Sento, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she sat down. From Scntar, v.n. 
to sit down. 

Sepan, subj.pre.Zpn.pl. they may know. From Saber, v.a. to know. 

Sera, ind.fuir.Spn.sin it, he, or she will be. From Ser, v.n. to be. 

Seran, ind.fw r. 3 pn.pl. they shall, or will be. From Ser, v.n. to be. 

Seras, ind.futr.2pn.sin. thou shalt, or wilt be. From Ser,v.N. to be. 

Sere, ind.futr.l pn.sin. I shall, or will be. From Ser, v.n. to be. 

Sena, snbjAimpf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would be From Ser, 
v.n to be. 

Senan, subjA impf.3pn.pl. they would be. From Ser, v.n. to be. 

Servia, ind.impfA or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she served. From Servir. 
v.a. to serve. 

Servian, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they served. From Servir, v.a. to serve. 

Servir, inf. pre. v.n. to serve, to be in the service of another. 

Servir, inf. pre. v.a. to serve, to do a favour, to occupy a station. 

Servir, inf.pre. v.r. to be pleased, to deign, to vouchsafe, to con- 
descend. 

Siendo, ger. being. From Ser, v.n. to be. 

Sienta, sabj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may feel. From Sentir, 
v.a. to feel. 

Sientan, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may feel. From Sentir, v.a. to feel. 

§iexiie,ind.pre.3 pn.sin it, he, or she feels. From Sentir, v.a. to feel. 

Sienten, ind. pre. 3 pn.pl. they feel. From Sentir, v.a. to feel. 

Silbar, inf.pre. v.n. to whistle, to whiz, to roar; v.a. to hiss 

Sobra, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she is, or possesses too much. 
From Sobrar, v.n. to be more than enough. 

Sobran, ind. pre. 3 pn.pl. they are, or possess too much. From So- 
brar, v.n. to be more than enough. 

Sobrar, inf.pre. v.a. to surpass, to exceed. 

Sobrar, infpre. v.n. to have more than is necessary, to be more 
than enough. 

Soler, infpre. v.n. to be in the habit, to be wont, to be in the 
custom. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 148 

Solia, ind.impf. v.n. it, he, or she was in the habit, From Soler, 

v n. to be in the habit. 
SoJian, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she was in the habit. 

From Soler, v.n. to be in the habit, 
Soltais, ind. pre. 2 pn.pl. you let loose. From Soltar, v.a. to let loose. 
Soltar, inf.pre. v.a. to let loose, to set at liberty, to shed, to burst 

into. 
Somos, ind.pre.l pnpl. we are. From Ser, v.n. to be. 
Sube, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she ascends. From SvMr, v.n. to 

ascend. 
Suben, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they ascend. From Suhir, v.n. to ascend. 
Subfa, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin-. I, it, he, or she ascends. From Subir, 

v.n. to ascend. 
Subian , ind.impf '.3 pn.pl. they ascended. From Subir, v. fj. to ascend. 
Subid, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she ascended. From Subir, v.n. 

to ascend. 
Subir, inf.pre. v.n. to walk up, to ascend, to mount, to rise. 
Subir, inf.pre. v.a. to climb, to ascend, to lift up, to set up, to 

enhance. 
Suelen, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they are in the habit. From Soler, v.n. to 

be in the habit. 
Suefia, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she dreams. From Sonar, v.n. to 

dream. 
Suenan, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they dream. From Sohar, v.n. to dream. 
Sufre, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she suffers. From Sufir, v.a. to 

suffer 
Sufria, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she suffered. From Sufrir, 

v.a. to suffer. 
Sufrir, inf.pre. v.a. to suffer, to endure, to bear, to permit, to 

tolerate. 
Sumia, ind.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she was sinking. From Sw 

ftivr, v.r. to be sunk. 
Sumir, inf.pre. v.r. to be sunk, to be swallowed up, to sink under 

ground. 
Supo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she knew. From Saber^ v.a« to 

know. 



144 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

T. 

Tacha, ind. pre. $ pn.sin. it, he, or she finds fault. From Tachar, v.a. 

to find fault. 
Tachap, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they find fault. From Tachar, v.a. to find 

fault. 
Tachar, ind.pre. v.a. to find fault, to censure, to reprehend. 
Tarda, md.prt.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she delays. From Tardar, v.n. to 

delay. 
Tardan, ind. pre. 3 pn pi. they delay. From Tardar, v.n. to delay. 
Tardar, inf.pre. v.n. to delay, to put off, to procrastinate. 
Tenia, imp.pre.3pn.sin. let it, him, or her fear. From Temer, v. a, 

to fear. 
Tema, subj.preA or?>pn.';in. it, he, or she may fear. From Temer 4 

v.a. to fear. 
Te\y\e, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she fears. From Temer,\. A.to fear. 
Temrd. imp pre.2pn.pl. fear you, or ye. From Temer, v.a. to fear. 
Temer, inf.pre. v.a. to fear, to be apprehensive, to dread, to re- 
verence. 
Temo, ind.pre. 3 pn. sin. I fear. From Temer, v.a. to fear. 
Tender, inf.pre. v.a. to extend, to stretch, to spread, to distend. 
Tender, inf.pre. v.n. to direct, to tend, to refer 
Tendi, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. I extended. From Tender, v.a. to extend. 
Tendia, ind.impfA ov3 pn.sin. 1, it, he, or she tended. From Teny 

der, v.n. to tend. 
Tener. inf.pre. v.a. to have, to hold, to possess, to maintain, to 

support. 
Te n <>-a,sabj. pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may have. From Tener, 

v.a. to have. 
Tengan, sub j.pre.i pn.pl. they may have. From Tener, v.a. to have. 
Tengas,subj.p-e.2 pn.sin. thou mayst have. From Tener,v. A.to have. 
Tengo, ind pre. 1 pn.sin. I have. From Tener, v.a. to have. 
Tiene, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she has. From Tener, v.a. to have. 
Tienen, ind. ;.-re.3 pn.pl. they have. From Tener, v.a. to have. 
Tocar, inf.pre. v.a. to touch, to feel, to play (on an instrument,) 

to treat of, to ring (a bell.) 
Tocar, inj.pre. v.n. to belong to, to be for, to concern, to know a 

thing certainly, to strike (slightly.) 
Toma, imp.pre.2pn.sin. take thou. From Tomar, v.i. to take. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 145 

Toma, inrf.jorc.3pn.sin. it, he, or she takes. From Tomar, v.a. to 
take. 

Tomad, imp.pre.2 pn.pl. take you, or ye. From Tomar, v.a. to take. 

Toman, ind. pre. 3 pn.pl. they take. From Tomar, v.a. to take. 

Tomar, inf. pre. v.a. to take, to receive, to grasp, to occupy, to 
understand, to rob. 

Tomas, ind.pre.2pn.sln. thou takest. From Tomar, v.a. to take. 

Tome, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may take. From To- 
mar, v.a. to take^. 

Tomen, subj.pre.Spn.pl. they may take. From Tomar, v.a. to take. 

Tomo, inc .pre. I pn.sin. I take. From Tomar, v.a. to take. 

Tomo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she took. From Tomar, v.a. to 
take. 

Topar, inf. pre. v.a. to run against, to meet with, to encounter. 

Topo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I meet. From Topar, v.a. to meet. 

Toyo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she met. From Topar, v.a. to meet. 

Toque, imp.pre.S pn.sin. touch, or play thou. From Tocar, v.a. to 
play. 

Toque, suhj.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may touch. From 
Tocar, v.a to touch. 

Toque, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. I touch. From Tocar, v.a. to touch. 

Toque n,subj. pre. ipn.pl. they may touch. From 7ocar,v.A. to touch. 

Torcer, inf. pre. v.a. to twist, to curve, to turn, to deviate (frora 
the right path.) 

Traia, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she brought. From Traer, 
v.a. to bring. 

Traian, ind.impfJ pn.pl they brought. From Traer, v.a. to bring, 

Traiga, imp.pre.3pn.pl. let it, him, or her bring. From Traer. v.a. 
to bring. 

Traiga, snbj. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she may bring. From Traer, v.a. 
to bring, 

Traigan^b/.pre.3)m.j)/. they may bring. From Traer, v.a. to bring, 

Traigo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I bring. From Traer, v.a. to bring. 

Trajo, indpret 3 pn.sin. I brought. From Traer, v.a. to bring. 

Trata, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she treats. From Traiar, v.a. t® 
treat. 

Tratan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they treat. From Tratar, v.a. to treat. 

Tratar, inf. pre. v.a. to treat, to handle, to trade, to intend, to en- 
tertain intercourse. 



146 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Triunfar, infpre. v.n. to trample, to conquer, to subdue. 

Triunfo. ind pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she triumphed over. From Tri- 
unfar, v.n. to conquer. 

Turbo, hulpre.Spn.sin. it, he, or she disturbs. From Twoar, v.a. 
to disturb. 

Turban. iml.pre.Spn.pl. they disturb. From Turbar, v. a. to disturb. 

Turbar, inf.pre. v.a. to disturb, to alarm, to trouble, to surprise, 
to be uneasy. 

Tuvo, ind.pret.2pn.sin. it, he", or she had. From Tener, v.A.to have. 

u. 

U'na, subj.pre.l or3pn.sin. it, he, or she may unite. From Unir,y.A. 

to unite. 
U'ne, ind.pre.Spn.sin. it, he, or she unites. From Unir,r.A. to unite. 
U'nen, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they unite. From Unir, v.a. to unite. 
Unlr, in/pre. v.a. to join, to unite to mix, to incorporate, to conform. 
U'sa, ind.pre.Spn.sin. it, he, or she uses. From Usar, v.a. to use. 
U'san, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they use. From Usar, v.a. to use. 
Usar, inf.pre. v.a. to use, to employ, to practise, to exercise, t» 

make use of. 

V. 

Vale, ind.pre.Spn.sin. it, he, or she is worth. From Valer, v.n. to be 

worth. 
Valen, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they are worth. From Valer, y.k. to be worth. 
Valer, inf.pre. v.n. to be worth, better, valuable, to serve, t« 

amount to, to be in favour. 
Valer, inf.pre. v.a. to patronize, to defend, to favour. 
Valga, subj.pre.2pn.sin. it, he, or she may be worth. From Valer, 

v.n. to be worth. 
Valgan, snbj.pre.3pn.pl. they may be worth. From Valer, v.n. to 

be worth. 
Valia, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. I was worth. From Valer, v.a. to be worth. 
Vamos, subj.pre.l pn.pl. come on, let us go. From Ir, v.n. to go. 
Vaya, imp.pre.S pn.sin. let it, him, or her go. From lr, v.n. to go. 
Vaya, subj.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may go. From Ir, v.n. 

to go. 
Vayan, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may go. From Ir, v.n. to go. 
"Veais, subj.pre.2pn.pl. ye, or you may see. From Ver, v.a. to see. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 147 

Veamos, imp.pre.lpn.pl. let us see. From Ver, v.a. to see, 
Veamos, subj.pre. 1 pn.pl. we may see. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Veia/md.impf.l or Spn.sin.J, it, he, or she saw. From Ver, v.A.to see. 
Veian, ind.impf.S pn.pl. they saw. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Vela, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she watches. From Velar, v.n. to 

watch. 
Velad, imp.pre.2pn.pl. watch ye, or you. From Velar, v.n. to watch. 
Velar, inf.pre. v.n. to sit, to watch, to keep guard, to observe. 
Velar, inf.pre. v.a. to watch, to preserve, to keep, to attend (a 

sick person.) 
Vemos, imp.preA pn.pl. let us see. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Vemos, subj.pre.Xpn.pl. we may see. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Vence, imp.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she conquers. From Veneer, v.a. 

to conquer. 
V€ncen, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they conquer. From Fencer,v.A.to conquer. 
Veneer, inf.pre. v.a. to conquer, to subdue, to overcome, to clear, 

to prevail upon. 
Yende,ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she sells. From Vender, v.n. to sell. 
Vender, inf.pre. v.a. to sell, to betray, to deceive, to prostitute. 
Vendian, ind.impf 3 pn.pl. they sold From Vender, v.a. to sell. 
Venga, subj.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may come. From 

Venir, v.n. to come. 
Venga, imp.pre.3 pn.sin. let it, him, or her revenge. From Vengar P 

v.a. to avenge. 
Venga, subj. pre. I or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may come. From Ve- 

ttt7, v.n. to come. 
Vengad, imp. pre. 2 pn.pl. avenge ye. From Vengar, v.a. to avenge. 
Vengan, subj.pre.% pn.pl. they may come. From Venir,v.n. to come. 
Vengan, subj. pre.S pn.pl. they may avenge. From Vengar, v.a. t« 

avenge. 
Vengar, inf.pre. v.a. to revenge, to avenge, to return an injury. 
Vengar, inf.pre. v.r. to be revenged on. 
Vengas, subj.pre.2 pn.sin. thou mayst come. From Venir, v.n. to 

come. 
Vengas, subj.pre. 3 pn.sin. thou mayst revenge. From Vengar, v.a. 

to revenge. 
Vengo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I come. From Venir, v.n. to come. 
Vengo, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. I avenge. From Vengar, v.a. to avenge. 



148 VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 

Venia, ind.impf.l or Spn.sin. I, it, he, or she came. From Venir, 

v.n. to come. 
Venian, ind.iinpf.3pn.pl. they came. From Venir, v.n. to come. 
Venia, imp.pre.2pn.pl. come ye, or you. Frora Venir, v.n. to come. 
Venir, inf.pre. v.n. to come, to draw near, to happen, to become. 
Venis, ind.pre.2 pn.pL.ye, or you come. From Venir, v.n. to come. 
Y era.s,ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou wilt, or shalt see. From Fer,v.A. to see. 
Vere, indfv.tr. I pn.sin. i shall, or will see. From Ver, v. a. to see. 
. Y trier, :nf. pre.. v.A.to shed, to spill, to empty, to exceed, to divulge. 
Vestir, inf. pre. v.a. to dress, to clothe, to adorn, to embellish, to 

rcuchcast. 
Vestir, in/ pre. v.n. to go well dressed. 
Viendo, ger. seeing. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Viene, ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she comes. From Venir, v.n. to 

come. 
Vieneu, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they come. From Venir, v.n. to come. 
Vienes, inn. pre. 2 pn.sin. thou comest. From Venir, v.n. to come. 
Viera,stt6, : .l impf.l or Spn.sin. I, or it, he, or she would see. From 

Ver, to see. 
Vieron, ind.pre.3pn pi. they saw. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
Vierta, subj.pre.i or 3 pn.sin. 1, it, he, or she may shed. From Ver- 
ier, v.a. to shed. 
Vierte,iftd pre. 3 pn.sin. it. he, or she sheds. From Fe?*fer,v.A.to shed. 
Vimos, ind.pret.Spn.pl. we saw. From Ver, v.a. to«ee. 
Vino, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she came. From Venir, v.n. to 

come. 
Viste, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. it, he, or she dresses. From Vestir, v.a. to 

dress. 
Viste, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou sawest. From Ver, v.a. to see. 
\htio, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she dressed. From Vestir, v.a. 

to dress. 
Viva,s?i&j.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she may live. From Vivir, v.n. 

to live. 
Viva, imp. pre. 3 pn.sin. let it, him, or her live. From Vivir, v.n. to 

live. 
Vivan, subj.pre.Spn.pl. they may live. From Vivir, v.n. to live. 
Vive, ind.pre.'i pn.sin. it, he, or she lives. From Vivir, v.n. to live. 
Viven, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they live. From Vivir, v.n. to live. 
Vives, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou livest. From Vivir, v.n. to live. 



VERBS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 149 

Vivia, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she lived. From Vivir, v.n. 
to Jive. 

Vivid, imp.pre.2pn.pl. live ye, or you. From Vivir, v.n. to live. 

Vivian, ind.impf. 3 pn.pl. they lived. From Vivir, v.n. to exist. 

Vivir, inf.pre. v.n. to live, to last, to be remembered, to exist, to 
reside. 

Volar, inf.pre. v.n. to fly, to vanish, to hang over, to go rapidly. 

Void, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she flew. From Volar, v.n. to fly. 

Volver, inf.pre. v. a. to return, to turn, to invert, to reflect, to 
evade, to resume, to reiterate. 

Volver, inf.pre. v.n. to return (from a place,) to come back. 

Volvi, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I returned. From Volver, v. a. to return. 

VolvidLti,ind.im]jf.3pn.pl.they returned. From Volver,\. A.to return. 

Volvio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she returned. From Volver, v.a. 
to return. 

Vuela, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she flies. From Volar, v n. to fly. 

Vuelan, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they fly. From Volar, v.n. to fly. 

VixelY^imp.pre.S pn.sin. let him return. From Volver,v.A. to return. 

Vuelva, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she may return. From Vol- 
ver, v.a. to return. 

Vueive, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she returns. From Volver, v.a. 
to return. 

Y. 

i 

Yace, ind.prr.2 pn.sin. it, he, or she lies. From Yacer, v.n. to lie. 
Yacen, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they lie. From Facer, v.n. to lie. 
Yacer, inf.pre. v.n. to lie, to repose, to be stretched out. 
Yendo, ger. going. From Ir, v.n. to go. 



14 



LESSON VIII. 

VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

A. 

Abarcar,t?i/.jjre. v.a. to clasp, to embrace, to contain, to undertake • 
Abate, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she overthrows. From Abatir, \.k. 

to overthrow. 
Abatir, inf.pre. v.a. to overthrow, to stoop, to debase. 
Abatir, inf.pre. v.n. to descend, to stoop, to be depressed. 
Ablandan,itt(Z.p-e.3 pn.pl. they soften. From Ablandar, v. a. to soften. 
Ablandar, inf.pre. v.a. to soften, to mitigate, to sooth, to assuage. 
Abraza, ind.preSpn.sin. it, he, or she embraces. From Abrazar, 

v.a. to embrace. 
Abrazar, inf.pre. v.a. to embrace, to avail one's self, to hug, to 

encircle. 
Ahra.zo,ind.pre.l pn.sin. I embrace. From Abrazar, v.a. to embrace. 
Abriendo, ger. opening, or beginning. From Abi-ir, v.a. to open. 
Abriesen, subj. 3 impf. I or 3 pn.pl. they should open. From Abrir, 

v.a. to open. 
Abriste, ind.pret.2 pn.sin. thou openest. From Abrir, v.a. to open. 
Abultar, iiifpre. v.a. to increase, to enlarge, to augment in size. 
Abultar, in f pre. v.n. to be bulky, to be large. 
Abuuda, ind.preS pn.sin. it, he, or she abounds. From Jlbundar, 

v.n. to abound. 
Abundar, inf.pre. v.n. to abound, to have plenty, to possess a 

great quantity. 
Acaba,ind.p-e. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she terminates. From Jlcabar, v.a. 

to terminate. 
Aeabar, inf.pre. v.a. to terminate, to conclude, to finish, to harass. 
Acabar, infpve. v.n. to terminate in, to die, to expire. 
Acabas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou concludest. From Acabar, v.a. to 

conclude. 
Acabe, subj. pre A or S pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may finish. From 

Acabar, v.a. to finish. 
Acabe, imp.pre.3 pn.sin. let it, him, or you terminate._ From Ae«~ 

bar, v.a. to conclude. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 15 L 

Acabo, ind.pre. I pn.sin. I conclude. From Acabar, v.a. to conclude. 
Acarrear, inf.pre. v.a. to bring on, to come, to be the cause, to 

occasion. 
Acatan, ind.-pre.Spn.pl. they respect. From Acatar, v.a. to respect. 
Acatar, inf.pre v.a to respect, to revere, to beheld, to inspect. 
Aeeptar, inf.pre. v.a. to accept, to admit. 
Acercan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they draw near. From Acercar, v.a. to 

draw near. 
Acercar, inf.pre. v.a. to draw near, to approach, to place one 

object near another. 
Ach5.c&n, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they impute. From Achacar,\ .a. to impute. 
Achacar, inf.pre. v.a. to impute, to frame an excuse, to ascribe 

an action to one's self. 
Acordar, inf.pre. v.a. to remind, to determine, to deliberate. 
Acordar, inf.pre. v.n. to agree, to remember, to recollect. 
Acorrer, infpre. v.n. to repair, to have recourse. 
Acorres, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou hast recourse. From Acorrer, v.n - . 

to repair. 
Acuden, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they repaired. From Acxidir,v.yj. to apply. 
Acudio, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she repaired. From Acudir, v.n. 

to apply. 
Acudir, infpre. v.n. to succour, to produce, to have reco ps to 

repair, to apply. 
Acuerda, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may remind From 

Acordar, v.n. to remind. 
Acusar, inf.pre. v.a. to accuse, to acknowledge (the receipt of a 

letter,) to take charge of. 
Admira, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she admires. From Admirar, 

v.a. to admire. 
Admirar, inf.pre. v.a. to admire, to excit? admiration. 
Admirar, infpre. v.n. to be seized with admiration. 
Admiro, ind.pre. I pn.sin. I admire. From Admirar, v.a. to admire. 
Admitio, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she admitted. From Admitir, 

v.a. to admit. 
Admitir, inf.pre. v.a. to admit, to receive, to accept, to permit. 
Adora, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she worships. From Adorar y v.a. 

to adore. 
Adorar, inf.pre. v.a. to adore, to worship, to reverence, to revere, 

to love excessively. 



152 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Adoro, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I adore. From Adorar, v.a. to worship. 
Adquenr, inf.pre. v.a. to acquire, to attain, to obtain. 
Adquiere, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I acquire. From Adquerir; or Adqirir, 

v.a. to acquire. 
Advert!, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I noticed. From Advertir, v.a. to notice. 
Advertid, imp. pre. 2 pn.pl. observe ye, or you. From Advertir, v.a. 

to take notice. 
Advertir, inf. pre. v.a. to caution, to observe, to take notice of, to 

advise. 
Adviertes, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou observest. From Mvertir, v.a. to 

observe. 
Advierte, imp. pre. 2 pn.sin. observe thou. From Mvertir, v.a. to 

observe. 
Advierten, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they observe. From Advertir, v.a. to 

observe. 
Advierto,i?id.;)re.] pn.sin. I observe. From Advertir, y. a. to observe. 
Advirtio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she observed. From Advertir, 

v.a. to observe. 
Afirma, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she affirms. From Afirmar, v.a. 

to affirm. 
Afirmar, inf. pre. v.a. to affirm, to assure, to make fast. 
Afirmar, inf.pre. v.r. to fix one's self in the saddle, to maintain 

firmly. 
Aflige, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she grieves. From AJligir, v.a. to 

afflict. 
Afligia, ind.impf. 1 or 3pn. sin. I, it, he, or she afflicted. From *#,/?£- 

gir, v.a. to afflict, or be sorry for. 
Afligio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she afflicted. From AJligir, v.a. 

to afflict. 
Afligir, inf.pre. v.a. to pain, to grieve, to afflict, to torment. 
Agarrar, inf.pre. v.a. to seize, to grasp, to lay hold of, to obtain. 
Agitar, inf.pre. v.a. to agitate, to ruffle, to put out of temper, to 

discuss. 
Agrada, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I am pleased with. From Agradar, v.r. to 

be pleased. 
Agradar, inf.pre. v.a. to please, to gratify, to render acceptable. 
Agradar, inf. pre. v.n. to be pleased with. 

Agrado, ind pre.l pn.sin. I please. From Agradar, v.a. to please, 
Aguardar, inf.pre. v.a. to wait for, to expect, to grant time. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 158 

Aguardo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I wait. From Aguardar, v.a. to wait for. 
Alaban, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they praise. From Alabar, v.a. to praise. 
Alabar, inf. pre. v. a. to praise, to hallow, to applaud, to commend. 
Alabes, sub j. pre. 2 pn.sin. thou mayest praise. From Alabar, v.a. to 

praise. 
Alargan,iricZ.pre.3 pn.pl. they enlarge. From Alargar, v. A.to enlarge. 
Alargar, inf. pre. v.a. to lengthen, to enlarge, to extend, to protract. 
Alcanza, ind.pre.3 pnsin. it, he, or she reaches, or obtains. From 

Alcanzar, v.a. to obtain. 
Alcanzan, ind.pre*3 pn.pl. they obtain. From Alcanzar, v. a. to obtain. 
Alcanzar,tn/.p-e. v.a. to reach, to obtain, to comprehend, to handle. 
Alcanzar, inf. pre. v.n. to suffice, to be sufficient, to reach. 
Alcanzo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I reach, or comprehend. From Alcanzar, 

v.a. to obtain. 
Alentar, inf. pre. v.n. to breathe, to respire. 
Alentar, infpre. v.a. to encourage, to animate, to inspirit. 
Alien ta, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she breathes, or animates. From 

Alentar, v.a* or v.n. to animate. 
Alistar, infpre. v.a. to enlist, to enrol, to prepare. 
Alisto, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I enrol. From Alistar, v.a. to enrol. 
Alivi&n,ind.pre.2 pn.pl. they alleviate. FromAliviar,v.A.to alleviate. 
Aliviar, infpre. v.a. to mitigate, to alleviate, to lighten. 
Allega, ind*pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she approaches. From Allegar, 

v.a. to draw near. 
Allegar, inf. pre. v.a. to approach, to draw near, to unite, to collect. 
AWe^o, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I approach. From Allegar, v. a. to draw near. 
Alegra, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she animates. From Alegrar,y.A. 

to enliven. 
Alegrar, infpre. v.a. to rejoice, to enliven, to beautify, to make 

merry. 
Alegrar, infpre. v.r. to rejoice, to become merry. 
Altera, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. it, he, or she alters, or becomes disturbed. 

From Alterar, v.a to change. 
Alterar, infpre. v.a. to alter, to change, to become agitated. 
Alteren, sub j pre. S pn.pl. they may alter, or become agitated. 

From Alterar, v.a. to alter. 
Alumbrar, infpre. v.a. to light, to enlighten, to restore light. 
Amaba, md.imp/.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she loved. From Amor, 

to love. 

J 4* 



154 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Amaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they loved. From Amar, v.a. to love. 
Amara, sub;.2impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would, could, or 

should love. From Amar, v. a. to love. 
Amare, subj.futr.i or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should love. From 

Amar, v. a. to love. 
Amemos, imp. pre. I pn pi. let us love. From Amar, v. a. to love. 
Amemos, subj.pre. 1 pn.pl. we may love. From Amar, v.a. to love. 
Andaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she went. From Andar, 

v.n. to walk. 
Andaban, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they went. From Andar, v.n. to walk. 
Andais, ind.pr&.2 pn.pl. you, or ye go. From Andar, v.n. to walk. 
Anduvo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she went. From Andar, v.n. 

to walk. 
Anhela, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she desires. From Anhelar, v.a. 

to desire. 
Anheliir, inf. pre. v.n. to wish eagerly,to desire anxiously,to breathe 

with difficulty. 
Anside,ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she adds. From Ahadir,v. a. to add. 
Anadio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she added. From Anadir, v.a. 

to add. 
Anadir, inf.pre. v.a. to add, to subjoin, to increase, to exaggerate. 
Aparta, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she separates. From Apartar,y.A f 

to separate. 
Apartar, inf.pre. v.a. to part, to divide, to remove, to dissuade. 
Aparlar, inf.pre. v.n. to withdraw from a place, to desist from a 

claim. 
Aplaca, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she pacifies. From Aplacar, v.a. 

to p?cify. 
Aplacar, inf.pre. v.a. to appease, to pacify, to mitigate. 
Aplica, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she applies. From Aplicar, v.a. 

to apply. 
Aplicar, inf.pre. v.a. to apply, to attribute, to impute. 
Aplicar, inf.pre. v.r. to study, to applj one's self, to earn a living. 
Aprenden, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they learu. From Aprender, v.a. to learn. 
Aprender, inf.pre. v.a. to learn, to acquire a knowledge. 
Aprendian, ind.impf.3 pnpl. they were learning. From Aprender, 

v.a. to learn. 
Apretar, inf.pre* v.a. to tighten, to press, to afflict, to urge. 
Aprieta, -mp. pre. 2 pn.sin. press, or make it tighter thou. From 
Apretar, v.a. to press. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 155 

Aprieta, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it>he, or she presses. From Apretar, v.a. 

to press. 
Apurar, inf.pre. v.a. to exhaust, to purify, to investigate. 
Armaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn. sin. it, he, or she armed. From Armar, 

v.a. to arm. 
Arrancar, inf.pre. v.a. to pluck, to draw, to pull off. 
Arreglar, inf.pre. v.a. to regulate, to organize, to reduce to order. 
Arribar, inf.pre. v.n. to arrive, to attain one's end, to harbour in 

distress. 
Arr6]&, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she throws. From Arrojar, v.a. 

to dart. 
Arrojan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they throw. From Arrojar, v.a. to throw. 
Arrdjar, inf.pre. v.a. to throw, to dart, to shoot, to shed fragrance, 

to turn away. 
Arrojo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I throw. From Jlrrojar, v.a. to throw. 
Asiendo, ger. seizing. From Asir, v.a. to seize. 
Asistia, ind impf. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she assisted. From Asistir, v.a. 

to be present. 
Asistir, infpre. v.n. to assist, to be present, to live. 
Asistfr, inf.pre. v.a. to aid, or accompany one in the execution of 

some act. 
Asorna, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she appears. From Asomar, v.n. 

to peep. 
Asomar, inf.pre. v.n. to peep, to appear, to rise. 
Aspira, ind, pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she aspires. From Aspirar, v.n. 

to aspire. 
Aspirar, inf.pre. v.n. to aspire, to wish ardently. 
Aspirar, infpre. v.a. to pronounce with full breath, to draw the 

breath. 
Ataras, subj.2 impf.2 pn.svi. thou wouldst, or shouldst tie. From 

Jitar, v.a. to tie. 
Atender, inf.pre. v.n. to attend, to fix the mind, to expect, or 

wait for. 
Atener, inf.pre. v.r. to stand to, to stick, to adhere. 
Atengo, ind pre. 1 pn.sin. 1 stick to. From Atener; v.r. to adhere. 
Atreve, ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she dares. From^reuer, v.r. to 

dare. 
Atrever, inf.pre. v.r. to dare, to be too bold, to venture. 



J 56 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Ausenta, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she absents. From Ausentar, 

v.r. to absent one's self. 
Ausentar, inf. pre. v.r. to absent one's self. 
Ausentes, subj pre.2 pn.sin. thou mayest absent thyself. From 

Ausentar, v.r. to absent one's self. 
Avanzar, inf. pre. v. a. to advance, to push forward. 
Avanzar, inf. pre. v.n. to advance, to attack, 'to have a balance. 
Avanzo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I advance From Avanzar,v.v. to advance. 
Avivan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they enliven. From Avivar, v. a. to enliven. 
Avivar, inf. pre. v. a. to enliven, to encourage, to heat, to inflame. 
Ayudan, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they help. From Ayudar, v. a. to help. 
Ayudar, inf. pre. v. a. to aid, to help, to favour. 
Ayudo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I help. From Ayudar, v.a. to help. 

B. 

Banando, ger. bathing, bedewing, or washing. From Bahar, v.a. 
to bathe. 

Banaron, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they bathed. From Bahar, v.a. to wash. 

Barrenar, inf. pre. v.a. to sink, to bore, to pierce. 

Barreno, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she sunk. From Barrenar, t.a. 
to sink. 

Barruntar, inf. pre. v.a. to conjecture, to imagine, to foresee. 

Bastaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she sufficed, or was suf- 
ficient. From Bastar, v.n. to be enough. 

Bendecir, inf. pre. v.a. to bless, to praise, to exalt, to consecrate. 

Bendice, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she blesses. From Bendecir, v.a. 
to bless. 

Bendigan, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may bless. From Bendecir, v.a. to 
bless. 

Bendigo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I bless. From Bendecir, v.a. to bless. 

Buscaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they sought. From Buscar, v.a. to seek. 

Buscando, ger. seeking. From Buscar, v.a. to seek. 

c. 

Calentar, inf. pre. v.a. to warm, to heat, to urge, to press forward. 
Callaron, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they kept silence, or concealed. From 

Callar, v.a. to conceal. 
Camina, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she goes. From Caminar, v.n. 

tog . 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 157 

Gaminar, inf. pre. v.n. to go, to walk, to travel. 

Cantando, ger. singing. From Cantar, v.a. to sing. 

Careceis, intl.pre.2 pn.pl. ye, or you are in want of. From Carecer t 

v.n. to be in want of. 
Carecen, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they want. From Carecer. v.n. to want. 
Carecer, inf. pre. v.n. to want, to need, to be in want of. 
Gasando, ger. marrying. From Casar, to marry. 
Castiga, ind.prp.3pn.sin. it, he, or she punishes. From Castigar, 

v.a. to punish. 
Castigar, infpre. v.a. to punish, to chastise. 
Cayendo, ger. failing, or tumbling. From Caer, v.n. to fall. 
Cayeron, ind.prct.3 pn.pl. they fell. From Caer, v,v. to fall. 
Cayese, subj.2 impf. 1 or 3pn.sin. I, it, he, or she shouid fall. From 

Caer, v.n. to fall. 
Cenando, ger. supping. From Cenar, to sup, or to eat the last meal. 
CinL-ra, svhj.2 impf I ot 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would surround. 

From Ceriir, v.a. to surround. 
Circular, infpre. v.a. to circulate, to make any thing go from 

hand to hand. 
Cobraron, ind.pret. 3 pn.pl. they received. From Cobrar,\.x. to 

recover. 
Codicia, md.p-e. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she covets. From Codiciar, v. a. 

to covet. 
Codician, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they covet. From Codiciar, v.a. to covet. 
Codiciar, infpre. v.a. to covet, to desire eagerly. 
Cogiendo, ger. catching. From Coger, v.a. to catch. 
Colegid, imp. pre. 2 pn.pl. infer ye. From Colegir, v.a. to collect. 
Colegir, infpre. v.a. to infer, to deduce, to draw consequences. 
Colgaba, ind.impf 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she hung. From Colgar, v.a 4 . 

to hang. 
Colgar, infpre. v.a. to hang up, to suspend, to adorn. 
Colocan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they place. From Colocar, v.a. to place. 
Colocar, infpre. v.a. to place, to arrange, to order, to provide. 
Combate, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she fights. From Combatir, v.n. 

to combat. 
Combatir, infpre. v.a. to attack, to invade, to contradict, to rouse 

the passions. 
Combatir, infpre. v.n. to combat, to fight. 
Comence, ind.pret A pn.sin. I began, From Comenzar, v.a. to begin. 



158 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Comenzar, inf.pre. v.a. or v.n. to commence, to begin. 
Comenzo, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she began. From Comenzar, 

t.n. to begin. 
Comiendo, ger eating. From Comer, v.a. to eat. 
Comienza, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she begins. From Comenzar, 

v.a. to begin. 
Comparta, subj.pre.l or 3 pn. sin. I may divide. From Compartir, 

v.a. to divide 
Compartir, inf.pre. v.a. to arrange, to divide. 
Completar, in/pre. v.a. to complete, to terminate, to conclude. 
Concebia, ind.imp/.l or 3 pn. sin. I conceived. From Concebir, v. A. 

to conceive. 
Concebir, inf.pre. v.n. or v.a to conceive, to think. 
Concede, ind.pre.3pn.sin. I, it, he, or she grants. From Conceder, 

v.a. to grant. 
Conceden,int/.p-e.3 pn.pl.they grant- From Conceder,v. A.to bestow. 
Conceder, inf.pre. v.a. to give, to grant, to bestow, to allow. 
Concibe, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she conceives. From Co:cebir } 

v.a. to conceive. 
Conciliar, inf.pre. v.a. to conciliate, or compose differences, tcr 

gain the affections of others. 
Con. .tar , inf.pre. v.a. to make, to attract, to draw, to excite. 
Concluiran, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they will conclude. From Concluir, 

v.a. to terminate. 
Concordar, inf.pre. v.n. to agree, to concur, to accord. 
Concordar, inf.pre. v.a. to regulate, to accord, to make one thing 

agree with another. 
Concuerdan, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may agree. From Concordar , 

v.n. to agree. 
Concurnr, inf.pre. v.n. to attend, to concur, to be possessed of, 

to rceet. 
Condenar, inf.pre. v.a. to condemn, to be sentenced to. 
Conducir, inf.pre. v.a. to conduct, to superintend, to manage, to 

carry on. 
Conduzco, ind.pre.A pn.sin. I carry on. From Conducir, v.a. to 

conduct. 
Confesar, inf.pre. v.a. to confess, to own, to acknowledge, to go 

to, or hear confession. 



^™ 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 15f> 

^onfese, ind.pret.lpn.sin. I confessed. From Confesar, v.a. to ac- 
knowledge. 

Confeso, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she confessed. From Confesar, 
v.a. to confess. 

€onforta, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she comforts. From Confortar, 
v.a. to strengthen. 

Confortar, inf.pre. v.a. to comfort, to strengthen, to console. 

Confundir, inf.pre. v.a. to confound, to entangle, to perplex, to 
confuse. 

Conmover, inf. pit. v.a to excite commotions, to disturb, to raise. 

Conmueve, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she disturbs. From Conmo- 
ver, to disturb. 

Conoce, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she knows. From Conocer, v.a. 
to know. 

Conocen, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they know. From Conocer, v.a. to know. 

Conocer, in/pre. v.a. to know, to be acquainted with, to under- 
stand, to experience. 

Conoces,ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou knowest. From Conoce»,v. a. to know. 

Conocia, ind.impfl or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she knew. From Cono- 
cer, v.a. to know. 

Conocio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she knew. From Conocer, v.a. 
to know. 

Conozcais, subj.pre.2pn.pl. you, or ye may know. From Conocer^ 
v.a. to know. 

Conseguir, inf.pre. v.a. to obtain, to succeed, to attain. 

Conserva, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she preserves. From Conser- 
var, v.a. to preserve. 

Conservar, inf.pre. v.a. to preserve, to guard, to candy, or pickle. 

Consigan, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may obtain. From Conseguir, v.a. 
to obtain, or succeed (in one's object.) 

Consiste, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or- she consists. From Consistir, 
v.n. to consist. 

Consistir, inf.pre. v.n. to consist, to be composed of, to be con- 
tained. 

Consolad, imp.pre.2pn.pl. comfort ye, or you. From Consolar,v.A. 
to console. 

Consolar,iw/>-e. v.A.to enable, to comfort, to mitigate, to assuage^ 
Conspiran, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. they conspire. From Conspirar, v.n. to 
conspire. 



160 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Conspirar, inf. pre. v.n. to conspire, to concert a crime, to plot, 

to co-operate. 
Consuelan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they comfort From Consolar, v.a. to 

console. 
Consume, ind.pre.% pn.sin. it, he, or she consumes. From Consu- 

mir. v.a. to consume. 
Consumir, inf.pre. v.a. to consume, to destroy, to waste. 
Consumir, inf.pre. v.r. to fret, to be vexed. 
Contaban, ind.impf 3 pn.pl. they intended, or relied on. From 

Contar, v.n. to trust. 
Contando, ger. trusting, or relying. From Contar, v.n. to be con- 
fident. 
C on templa, ind.pre. 3 pn.sm. it, he, or she contemplates. From 

Contemplar, v.a. to behold. 
Contemplar, inf.pre. v.a. to view, to behold, to contemplate, to 

flatter, to meditate. 
Contemplo, ind.pre. I pn.sin. I contemplate. From Contemplar, v.a. 

to cow template. 
Contender. m/.ptc. v.N.to contend, to quarrel, to litigate, to discuss. 
Contendrian, svbj.2 itfipf.3 pn.pl. they would contend. From Con- 
tender, v.n. to contend. 
Contener, inf.pre. v.n. to contain, to hold, to be comprised of. 
Contener, inf.pre. v.a. to check, to curb, to stop. 
Contener, inf.pre. v.r. to have command over one's self. 
Contentar, inf.pre. v.a. to satisfy, to gratify, to please. 
Coutento, ind.p<e. 1 pn.sin. I satisfy. From Contentar, v.a. to please. 
Contestar, inf.pre. v.a. to reply, to answer, to confirm, to prove. 
Contesto, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I reply. From Contestar, v.a to answer. 
Contesto, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. it, he, or she replied. From Contestar, 

v.a. to repiy. 
Contienen, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they contain. From Contener, v.n. to 

comprise. 
Continuar, inf.pre. v.a. to continue, to prosecute, to endure. 
Continual-, inf.pre. v.n. to continue, to remain in the same state. 
Coniinao, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I continue. From Continuar, v.a. to 

continue. 
Conturba, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she disturbs. From Conturbar, 

v.a. to agitate. 






Verbs of three syllables. 161 

Convenir, inf. pre. v.n. to be convenient, fit, proper, or suitable 
for a person, to be necessary. 

Convenir, inf. pre. v.n. to agree in opinion, to concur, to assemble. 

Converter, inf. pre. v.a. to convert, to change into another sub- 
stance, or to change from one religion or opinion into another. 

Conturbar, inf. pre. v.a. to disturb, to agitate, to disquiet, to per- 
turbate. 

Convida, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she invites. From Convidar, 
V.a. to allure. 

Convidar, inf. pre. v.a. to invite, to allure, to make a person feel 
desirous. 

Conviene, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she is convenient, or suitable 
for, From Convenir, v.n. to agree, to be convenient. 

Conviene, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it is necessary, or fit. From Convenir, 
v.n. to be necessary. 

Convierte, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she converts. From Conver- 
ter, v.a. to convert. 

Corregfr, inf. pre. v.a. to correct, to amend, to get over one's follies. 

Corriendo, ger. running. From Correr, v.n. to run. 

Corrige, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she corrects. From Corregir, 
v.a. to correct. 

Corrigen, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they correct. From Corregir, v.a. to 
correct. 

Corrigio, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she corrected. From Corre- 
gir, v.a. to correct. 

Corrija, imp. pre.3 pn.sin. let it, him, or her correct. From Corre- 
gir, v.a. to correct. 

Corrija, subj.pre. 3 pn.sin. I may correct. From Corregir, v.a. to 
correct. 

Corrompen, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they corrupt. From Corromper, v.a. 
to corrupt. 

Corromper, inf. pre. v.a. to corrupt, to contaminate, to sully, to 
bribe. 

CH. 

Chanceando, ger. joking, jesting. From Chancear, v.a. to jest. 



15 



162 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

D. 

Debemos, ind.pre.3pn.pl. we ought to, we must. From Deber, v.n. 

to owe. 
Decidio, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she decided. From Decidir, 

v.a. to decide. 
Decidir, inf.pre. v.a. to decide, to determine, to resolve. 
Declarar, inf. pre. v.a. to declare, to confess, to expound, to depose 

on oath. 
Declaro, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she declared. From Declarar, 

v.a. to declare. 
Dedicar, inj.pre. v.a. to dedicate, to consecrate, to inscribe. 
Defender, inf.pre. v.a. to defend, to protect, to assert, to resist, 

to oppose. 
Defiende, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she defends. From Defender, 

v.a. to defend. 
Degemos, imp.pre.lpn.pl. we may permit From Dejar, v.a. to let. 
Dejaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I left. From Dejar, v.a. to lend. 
Dejando, ger. leaving, or permitting. From Dejar, v.a to allow. 
Delatar,in/.p-c. v.a. to accuse, to impeach, to denounce, to inform. 
Deleitar, inf.pre. v.a. to please, to delight, to give pleasure. 
Depone, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she deposes. From Deponer, 

v.a. to depose. 
Deponer, inf.pre. v.a. to depose, to declare, to affirm, to displace. 
Deriva, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she derives. From Derivar, v.a. 

to derive. 
Derivar, inf.pre. v.a. to derive, to deduce from its origin, cause, 

or source. 
Derramar, inf.pre. v.a. to shed, to spread, to diffuse, to spill, to 

scatter. 
Derrame, subj.pre. 3 jm.sin. he may shed. From Derramar, v.a. to 

spread. 
Derramo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she shed. From Derremar, 

v.a. to spread. 
Desatan, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they dissolve. From Desatar, v.a. to break. 
Desatar, inf.pre. v.a. to loosen, to untie, to dissolve, to separate. 
Descaecer, inf.pre. v.n. to decline, to decay, to droop, to fade. 
Descansa, imp. pre. 3 pn.sin. repose thou. From Descansar, v.n. to 

repose. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 163 

Descansa, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she reposes. From Descansar, 
v.n. to repose. 

Descansar, inf.pre. v.n. to repose, to rest, to lean upon, to sleep.. 

Descarga, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she discharges. From Descar- 
gar, v.a. to unload. 

Descargar, inf.pre. v.a. to discharge, to unload, to land, to free 
from- a charge. 

Descender, inf.pre. v.n. to descend, to come down, to proceed, to 
let down. 

Desciende, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she descends. From Descen- 
der, v.n. to descend. 

Descifrar, inf.pre. v.a. to decipher, to explain writings, to unra- 
vel, to make out. 

Descubre, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she discovers. From Descubrir, 
v.a. to discover. 

Descubria, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, or it, he, or she discovered'. 
From Descubrir, v.a. to discover. 

Descubrio, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she discovered. From Desr 
cubrir, v.a. to discover. 

Descubrir, inf.pre. v.a. to discover, to find out. 

Desdenar, inf.pre. v.a .to disdain, to scorn, to vex, to overlook, to 
appear to perplex. 

Desdenes, subj.pre.2 pn.sin. you may disdain. From Desdenar, v.a} 
to disdain. 

Deseaba, ind.impf. I or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she desired. From Desear, 
v.a. to desire. 

Deseais, subj.pre.2pn.pl. ye, or you may desire. From Desear, v.a. 
to desire. 

Deseen, subj.pre.Spn.pl. they may desire. From Desear, v.a. to 
desire. 

Desechar, inf.pre. v.a. to deprecate, to undervalue, to reject, to 
reprove, to refuse, to expel. 

Desees, subj.pre.S pn.sin. you may desire. From Desear, v.a. to 
desire. 

Deshacer, inf.pre. v.a. to undo, to efface, to consume, to disap- 
pear, to mourn, to melt into. 

Desistir, inf.pre. v.n. to desist, to cease, to abandon. 

Deslustrar, inf.pre. v.a. to tarnish, to sully, to impeach one's 
character, to obscure. 



164 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Desmaya, MttJ.jwe.3jMi.sm. it, he, or she faints. From Desmayar, 

v.r. to faint. 
Desmayar, inf. pre. v.a. to dispirit, to frighten. 
Desmayar, inf.pre. v.n. to faint, to fall into a swoon. 
Desnudar, inf.pre. to strip off, to discover, to reveal, to undress. 
Desnudo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I strip. From Desnudar, v.a. to strip. 
Despacha, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she despatches. From Despa- 

char, v.a. to despatch. 
Despachar, inf.pre. v.a. to despatch, to expedite, to dispose of 

goods, to sell, to murder. 
Despacho, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I despatch. From Despachar, v.a. to sell. 
Despacho, ind prct.S pn.sin. it, he, or she despatched. From Des- 
pachar, v.a. to sell. 
Despfcdia, ind.impf.l or Spn.sin. 1, it, he, or she dismissed. From 

Despedir, v.a. to dismiss. 
Despedian, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they dismissed. From Despedir, v.a, 

to discharge. 
Despedir, inf.pre. v.a. to dismiss, to discharge, to deny, to refuse. 
Dosperar, inf.pre. v.n. to despond, to despair, to hope no longer. 
Desperd, ind. pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she despaired. From Desperar, 

v.a. to despond. 
Despertar, inf.pre. v.a. to awaken, to rouse from sleep, to excite, 

to recall. 
Decide, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she discharges. From Despedir, 

v.a. to discharge. 
Despidio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she discharged. From Despe- 
dir, v.a. to dismiss. 
Despiertan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they awake. From Despertar, v.a. to 

awake. 
Desplegar, inf.pre. v.a. to unfold, to display, to explain, to expand. 
Desplego, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she unfolded. From Desplegar, 

v.a. to display. 
Despojar, inf.pre. v.a. to strip, to bereave, to despoil, to dismiss, 

to undress. 
Despojo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I strip. From Despojar, v.a. to despoil. 
Despojo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she stripped. From Despojar, 

v.a. to undress. 
Desprecia, ind.pre.3 pn.sin* it, he, or she despises. From Desprer 

ciar f v.a. t© despise. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 165 

Desprecias, ind.pn.2pn.sin. thou despisest. From Despreciar, v.a. 

to contemn. 
Despreciar, inf.pre. v.a. to despise, to depreciate, to disdain. 
Desprecio, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she despised. From Desr 

preciar, v.a. to despise. 
Desquitan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they repair. From Desquitar, v.a. to 

retrieve. 
Desquitar, inf.pre v.a. to retrieve, to repair, to avenge. 
Desterrar, inf.pre. v.a. to banish, to place out of sight, to expel, 

to drive away. 
Desterro, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she banished. From Desterrar, 

v.a. to expel. 
Destilan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they drop. From Destilar, v.n. to extract. 
Destilar, inf.pre. v.n. to drop, to extract by a still, to filter. 
Destruian, ind.impf.Zpn.pl. they destroyed. From Destruiar, v.a. 

to destroy. 
Desvela, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she watches. From Desvelar 3 

v.a. to keep awake. 
Desvelar, inf.pre. v.a. to watch for, to keep awake. 
Desvelar, inf.pre. v.r. to be vigilant, to be watchful. 
Desvelen, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may perceive. From Desvelar, v.n. 

to watch for. 
Detener, inf.pre. v.a. to detain, to stop, to arrest, to reserve, to 

keep. 
Detiene, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she detains. From Detener,y.&. 

to detain. 
Detubo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she detained. From Detener, 

v.a. to detain. 
Diciendo, ger. saying. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Dictando, ger. dictating, or ruling. From Dlctar, v.a. to dictate. 
Digerais, subj.2 impf.3 pn.pl. ye would say. From Decir, v.a. to say. 
Digerir, inf.pre. v.a. to digest, to bear with patience. 
Dirige, imp.pre.2 pn.sin. direct thou. From Dirigir, v.a. to rule. 
Dirige, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she directs. From Dirigir t v.a. 

to direct. 
Dirigir, inf.pre. v.a. to rule, to direct, to govern, to guide, to 

conduct. 
Disentir, inf.pre. v.n. to dissent, to disagree, to separate; 
15* 



166 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Disiente, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she dissents. From Disentir, 
v.n. to disagree. 

Discurren, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they imagine, or discuss. From Discur- 
rir, v.n. to ramble about. 

Discurrir, inf. pre. v.n. to ramble about, to discuss, to speak on 
a subject, to imagine, to think. 

Discumr, inf.pre. v. a. to invent, to discover, to deduce. 

Disfrutar, inf.pre. v.a. to enjoy, to have possession. 

Dispeusar, inf.pre. v.a. to distribute, to deal out, to dispense, to 
excuse. 

Disponer .inf.pre. v.a. to arrange, to dispose, to direct, to command. 

Distinguian, ind.pre,3 pn.pl. they distinguished. From Distinguir, 
v.a. to distinguish, 

Distinguir, inf.pre. v.a. to distinguish, to differ, to see clearly, 
to perceive, to discern. 

Distraiga, subj.pre.3pn.si7i. it, he, or she may distract. From Dis- 
traer, v.a. to be absent. 

Distrajo, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she distracted. From Distraer. 
v.a. to divert attention. 

Distribuir, inf.pre. v.a. to distribute, to divide, to deal out, to ar- 
range. 

Divertir, inf.pre. v.a. to amuse, to divert, to withdraw the mind, 
to entertain. 

Dominar, inf.pre. v.a. to domineer, to rule, to govern, to correct 
one's habits, to curb one's passions. 

Domine, subj. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she may domineer. From Do- 
minar, v.a. to rule. 

Domine, ittip.pre.3jm.sm. let it, him, or her domineer. From Do- 
minar, v.a. to rule. 

Duraron, ind.pret.Spn.pl. they lasted. From Durar v.n. to last. 

Durare, subj.futr. I or 3jm.sm it, he, or she should last. From Du- 
rar, v.n. to last. 

E. 

Ecsalta, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she exalts, From Ecsaltar, v.a. 

to exalt. 
Ecsaltar, inf.pre. v.a. to exalt, to elevate, to praise, to extol. 
Ecsigia, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she demanded. From Ecsi- 

gir, v.a. to require. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 167 

Ecsigir, inf.pre. v.a. to exact, to demand, to require, to wish. 

Ecsiste, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she exists. From Ecsistir, v.n.. 
to exist. /> 

Ecsistir, inf.pre. v.n. to be, to exist, to have a being. 

Educar, inf.pre. v.a. to educate, to teach, to instruct. 

Efectuar, inf.pre. v.a. to effect, to accomplish, to fulfil. 

Efectue, subj.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she may effect. From Efectuar., 
v.a. to effect. 

Egercer, inf.pre. v.a. to exercise, to practise. 

Elegir, inf.pfe. v.a. to elect, to select, to choose. 

Elevar, inf.pre. v.a. to elevate, to raise, to exalt. 

Elevo, ind.praA pn.sin. I exalt. From Elevar, v.a. to exalt. 

Elevo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she elevated. From Elevar, V.A. 
to exalt. 

Embarcar, inf.pre. v.r. to undertake, to embark in. 

Embarcar, inf.pre. v.a. to embark, to ship, to engage in. 

Embrazar, inf.pre. v.a. to embrace, to clasp a shield, to take ad- 
vantage, to contain. 

Empena, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she engaged. From Empenar, 
v.r. to intercede. 

Empenar, inf.pre. v.a. to engage, to pawn, to persist, to inter- 
cede, to mediate. 

Empezar, inf.pre. v.a. to begin, to commence, to be the first. 

Empezo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she began. From Empezar, v.a. 
to begin. 

Empleasen, subj.3impf.3pn.pl. they should employ. From Emplear, 
v.a. to employ. 

Emprender, inf.pre. v.a. to undertake, to embark, to attempt, to 
take. 

Emular, inf.pre. v.n. to emulate, to vie with each other, to con- 
tend, to rival. 

Encargar, inf.pre. v.a. to charge, to entrust with, to recommend. 

Encargo, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she took charge. From Encar- 
gar, v.a. to recommend, to charge. 

Encartar, inf.pre. v.a. outlaw, to involve, to include, to enrol. 

Encender, inf.pre. v.a. to kindle, to light, to set fire, to heat, to 
inflame. 

Encendiese, subj.3 impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should kindle. 
From Encender, v.a. to set on firer 



168 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES 

Encerrar, inf.pre. v.a. to shut up, to close, to contain. 

Encerro, iniLpret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she shut up. From Encerrar, 

v.a. to close. 
Enciende, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she kindles. From Encender, 

v.a. to light. 
Encoger, in/pre. v.a. to shrink, to contract, to discourage, to be 

low spirited. 
Encontraiyfl/pre. v.a. to meet, to meet with, to find, to light upon. 
Encontro, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she met. From Encontrar, v.a. 

to meet. 
Encubre, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she covers. From Encubrir, 

v.a. to conceal. 
Encubrir, inf.pre. v.a. to cover, to conceal, to hide. 
Encuentra, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she meets. From Encontrar f 

v.a. to meet. 
Encuentro, ind,pre.l pn.sin. I find. From Encontrar, v.a to meet. 
Enfadar, inf.pre. v.a. to vex, to tire, to disturb, to make angry. 
Enfado, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she vexed. From Enfadar, v.a. 

to vex. 
Enfilar, inf.pre. v.a. to continue, to pierce, to carry off, to run 

through, to string. 
Enfila, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she pierced. From Enfilar, v.a. 

to run through. 
Enganar, inf.pre. v.a. to deceive, to impose, to cheat. 
Enganen, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may deceive. From Enganar, v.a. 

to deceive. 
Engano, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I deceive. From Enganar, v.a. to deceive. 
Engano, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she deceived. From Enga- 
nar, v.a. to deceive. 
Engendrar, inf.pre. v.a. to engender, to beget, to raise, to create. 
Enlazar, inf.pre. v.a. to chain, to bind, to link, to connect. 
Ensanchar, inf.pre. v.a. to widen, to render broader, to cheer up. 
Ehsena, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she teaches. From Ensenar, v.a. 

to teach. 
Ensenar, infpre. v.a. to teach, to instruct, to inform. 
Euseiio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she taught. From Ensenar, 

v.a. to teach. 
Entallar, inf.pre. v.a. to carve, to cut, to engrave, to picture. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 169 

Entender, inf.pre. v.a. to understand, to comprehend, to believe, 

to reason. 
Entendi, ind.pret.3pn.sin. I understood. From Entender, v.a. to 

understand. 
Enterrar, inf.pre. v.a. to bury, to inter, to put into the grave. 
Enterro, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she buried. From Enterrar, 

v.n. to bury. 
Entiende, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she understands. From En- 
tender, v.a. to understand. 
Entienden, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they understand. From Entender, v.a. 

to understand. 
Entiendo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I understand. From Entender, v.a. to 

understand. 
Entraba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she entered. From En~ 

trar, v.a. to enter. 
Entramos, ind.pre.lpn.pl. they enter. From Entrar, v.a. to enter. 
Entrando, ger. entering. From Entrar, v.a. to enter. 
Entraron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they entered. From Entrar, to enter. 
Entrega, md.pre.3jpn.sin. it, he, or she delivers. From Entregar 9 

v.a. to deliver. 
Entregar, inf.pre. v.a. to deliver, to restore, to give. 
Entrego, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she delivered. From Entregar, 

v.a. to deliver. 
Enviasen, svbj.3impf.2pn.pl. they should send. From Enviar, v.a. 

to transmit. 
Envidiar, inf.pre. v.a. to envy, to feel envy, to feel pain at the 

sight of excellence or felicity. 
Escalar, inf.pre. v.a. to scale, to climb by the help of ladders. 
Escapar, inf.pre. v.n. to escape, to get out of danger, to evade. 
Escasear, inf.pre. v.n. to decrease, to grow scanty, to diminish, 

to begin to fail. 
Esceda, subj.pre.3 pn.sin. he may excel. From Esceder, v.a. to 

exceed. 
Esceder, inf.pre. v.a. to exceed, to surpass, to excel. 
Esceptuar, inf.pre. v.a. to except, to exempt, to exclude. 
Escita, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she excites. From Escitar, v.a. 

to excite. 
Escitar, inf.pre. v.a. to excite, to move, to stimulate. 
Esclamar, inf.pre. v.n. to exclaim, to cry out. 



170 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Esclame, ind.pret.3pn.sin. I exclaimed. From Esclamar, v.n. to 
exclaim. 

Esclamo, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she exclaimed. From Escla- 
mar, v.n. to exclaim. 

Escoge, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she selects. From Escoger, v.a. 
to choose. 

Escoger, inf. pre. v.a. to select, to choose, to pick out. 

Escombra, ind.pre.3jm.sin. it, he, or she clears. From Escornh-ar, 
v.a. to purify. 

Escombrar, inf.pre. v.a. to remove obstacles, to clear rubbish, to 
purify. 

Esconde, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she hides. From Esconder, v.a. 
to hide. 

Esconder, inf.pre. v.a. to hide, to conceal, to disguise, to dissem- 
ble, to include. 

Escriba, subj.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may write. From 
Escribir, v.a. to write. 

Escribio, ind.pret,3 pn.sin, it, he, or she wrote. From Escribir, v.a. 
to write. 

Escribir, inf.pre. v.a. or v.w. to write, to compose, to keep up a 
correspondence. 

Escucha, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she listens. From Escuchar. 
v.a. to hearken. 

Escuchar, inf.pre. v.a. to listen to, to hearken. 

Esculpir, inf.pre. v.a. to sculpture, to engrave. 

Escusar, inf.pre. v.a. to excuse, to free, to exempt, to avoid, to 
pass without. 

Esforzar, inf.pre. v.a. to endeavour, to strengthen, to impart vi- 
gour, to aid, to support, to corroborate. 

Eshala, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she exhales. From Eshalar, v.a. 
to draw out. 

Eshalar, inf.pre. v.a. to exhale, to draw out fumes, to evaporate, 
to be exhausted. 

Eshortar, inf.pre. v.a. to exhort, to admonish, to excite to any 
good action. 

Eshorte, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. I exhorted. From Eshortar, v.a. to ad- 
monish. 

Esmaltar, inf.pre. v.a. to enamel, to variegate, to adorn, embellish. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 171 

Espanta, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she frightens. From Espantar, 
v.a. to frighten. 

Espantar, inf. pre. v.a. to frighten, to terrify, to chase away. 

Esparcen, ind.pre.2pn.pl. they spread. From Esparcer, v.a. to 
scatter. 

Esparcer, inf.pre. v.a. to scatter, to disseminate, to spread, to 
divulge. 

Espender, inf.pre. v.a. to expend, to spend, to lay out. 

Esperan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they wait or. From Esperar, v.a. to expect 

Esperar, inf.pre. v.a. to expect, to wait for, to hope. 

Esperas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou waitest for. From Esperar, v.a. to 
hope. 

Espero, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she waited for. From Esperar s 
v.a. to expect. 

Espirar, inf.pre. v.n. to expire, to breathe the last, to come to an 
end, to die. 

Esplica, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she explains. From Esplicar, 
v.a. to explain. 

Esplican, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they explain. From Esplicar, v.a. to ex- 
plain. 

Esplicar, inf.pre. v.a. to explain, to explicate, to elucidate. 

Esponer, inf.pre. v.a. to expose, to lay before the public, to ex- 
pound, to present. 

Espongan, subj.pre.3 pn.pl. let them expound. From Esponer, v.a. 
to expound. 

Espongo, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. I expose. From Esponer, v.a. to expose. 

Esponia, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she exposed. From Es- 
poner, v.a. to expose. 

Estaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she was. From Estar, 
to be. 

Estaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they were. From Estar, v.n. to be. 

Estamos, ind.pre. 1 pn.pl. we are. From Estar, v.n. to be. 

Estando, ger. being, existing. From Estar, v.n. to be. 

Estare, ind.futr.l pn.sin. I shall, or will be. From Estar, v.n. to be. 

Estaria, subj.l impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would be. From 

Estar, v.n. to be. 
Estender, inf.pre. v.a. to extend, to enlarge, to widen, to expatiate. 
E^tendifind.pret. 1 pn.sin. I extended. From Estender, v. a. to extend. 

/ 



172 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Estiende, ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she extends. From Estender, 

v.a. to expatiate. 
Estima, ind.prt.2 pn.sin. it, he, or she esteems. From Estimar, v.a. 

to like. 
Estimar, inf. pre. v.a. to estimate, to esteem, to value, to like, to 

thank, to appreciate. 
Estiiijo, ind.jyre.Spn.sin. it, he, or she extracted. From Estraer, 

v.a. to extract. 
Estrafiar, inf.pre. v.a. to wonder, to be astonished at, to banish 

fr<m, one's sight, to decline, to admire. 
Estrano, inrf.pff.3pn.sin. it, he, or she admired. From Estrahar, 

v.a. to wonder. 
Estrecha, imp.pre. 3 pn.sin. make it thou tighter. From Estrechar, 

v.a. to restrain. 
Estrecha. ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. he renders tighter. From Estrechar, v.a. 

to restrain. 
Estrechar, inf. pre. v.a. to tighten, to make narrow, to confine, to 

constrain, to reduce one's expenses. 
Estrellar, inf. pre. v.a. to dash, to break, to confound, to make 

ashamed. 
Estiibo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she was. From Estar, v.n. to be. 
Estudiar, inf. pre. v.a. to study, to apply one's self to, to learn, to 

muse, to ponder. 
Evitar, inf. pre. v.a. to avoid, to escape, to free one's self from 

vassalage. 

F. 

Falsean, ind.preSpn.pl. they counterfeit. From Falsear, v.a. 

counterfeit. 
Falsear, inf.pre. v.a. to adulterate, to falsify, to counterfeit, to 

affect. 
Faltaba, ind.impf .3 pn.sin. it was wanting, or it, he, or she wanted. 

From Faliar, v.n. to be wanting. 
Faltaron, ind.prtt.3 pn.pl. there were wanting, or they wanted. 

From Faltar, v.n. to be wanting. 
Fatiga, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she fatigues. From Fatigar, v.a. 

to frtigue. 
Fatigar, if pre. 3 pn.sin. to fatigue, to tire, to harass, to molest. 
Fenecer, inf.pre. v.n. to die, to terminate, to be no more, to decline. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 173 

Fenecer, inf.pre. v.a. to finish, to conclude, to terminate. 

Fenezcan, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may die. From Fenecer, v.n. to 
decline. 

Florece, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she flourishes. From Florecer, 
v.a. to prosper. 

Florecen, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they flourish. From Florecer, v.n. to 
prosper. 

Florecer, infpre. v.n. to flourish, to bloom, to blossom, to prosper. 

Formaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they formed. From Formar, v.a. to 
make. 

Formaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they formed. From Forma?*, v.a. to 
make. 

Frunciendo, ger, contracting. From Fruncir, v.a. to affect mo- 
desty with. 

G. 

Ganaba, ind.impf.3pn.sin. it, he, or she gained. From Ganar,v.\. to 

earn. 
Ganaban, ind.impf.3pnpl. they gained. From Ganar, v.a. to win. 
Ganando, ger. gaining, winning. From Ganar, v.a. to earn. 
Ganaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they gained. From Ganar, v.a. to earn. 
Gastando, gei\ spending, wasting. From Gastar, v.a. to trifle away. 
Gobernar, infpre. v.a. to govern, to rule, to sway, to master. 
Gobierna, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she governs. From Gobernar, 

v.a. to rule. 
Gozaha, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she enjoyed. From Go- 

zar, v.a. to enjoy. 
Gozaban, imp.pre.3pn.pl. they enjoyed. From Gozar, v.a. to enjoy. 
Grangeaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they attracted. From Grangear, v.a. 

to obtain. 
Gxmi'diLb&n,ind.impf.3pn.pl. they kept. From Guardar,y.A. to keep. 
Guardamos, ind.preA pn.pl. we keep. From Guardar, v.a. to guard. 
Guardando, ger. keeping, preserving. From Guardar, v.a. to keep. 

H. 

Habemos, ind.pre.l pnpl. we have. From Haber, v.aux. to have. 
Habiendo, ger. having. From Haber, v.aux. to have. 
Habita, ind.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she inhabits. From Habitar, 
v.a. to live in. 
16 



174 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Habitais, ind.pre. 1 pn.pl. you, or ye inhabit. From Habitar, v.a. to 

live in 
Habitar, inf.pre. v.a. to inhabit, to live in, to reside, 
Habitua, ind.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she accustoms. From Ha- 

bituar, v.n. to inure. 
Habituar, inf.pre. v.n. to accustom, to inure, to habituate; v.r. to 

accustom one's self. 
Hablaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she spoke. From Ha- 

blar. v.a. to speak. 
Hablaban, ind.impf.Spn.pl. they spoke. From Hablar,\.A.. to speak. 
Hablando, ger. speaking, talking. From Hablar, v.a. to speak. 
Hablara, ind.futr.S pn.sin. it, he, or she will speak. From Hablar, 

v.a. to discourse on. 
Hablase, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should speak. 

From Hablar, v.a. to speak. 
Hacemos, ind pre. lpn.pl. we make. From Hacer, v.a. to do. 
Haciendo, ger. making, doing. From Hacer, v.a. to frame. 
Hagamos, subj.pre. 1 pn.pl. we may do, or let us do. From Hacer, 

v.a. to make. 
Halagar, inf.pre. v.a. to attract, to allure, to ensnare, to flatter, to 

caress. 
Hallaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she found. From Ha- 
llar, v.a. to find. 
Hallaban, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they found. From Hallar, v.a. to find. 
Hallando, ger. finding, meeting. From Hollar, v.a. to find. 
Hallara, ind.futr.S pn.sin. it, he, or she will find. From Hallar, v.a. 

to find. 
Hallaras, ind.futr.2 pn.sin. thou wilt find. From Hallar, v.a. to find. 
Hallarian, subj.2 impf.Spn.pl. they would find. From Hallar, v.a. 

to find. 
Hechiza, inc?.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she charms. From Hechizar, 

v.a. to bewitch. 
Hechizar, inf.pre. v.a. to bewitch, to charm, to please, to enrap- 
ture, to fascinate. 
Hicieron, ind.pret.S pn.pl. they made. From Hacer, v.a. to do. 
Hiciese, subj.S impf. l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should make. From 

Hacer, v.a. to do. 
Hiciste, ind.pret. 1 pn.sin. thou madest. From Hacer, v.a. to do. 
Holgaba, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she was pleased with. From 

Holgar, v.w. to amuse one's self. 






VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 175 

Hollando, ger. trampling, crushing From Hollar, v.n. to tread. 
Honrando, ger. honouring. From Honrar, v.a. to honour. 
Honraron, ind.pret.2 pn.pl. they honoured. From Honrar, v.a. to 

honour. 
Hubieran, subjAimpf.Spn.pl. they would, or should have. From 

Haber, v.aux. to have. 
Hubieran, ind.pre.2pn.pl. they held, or possessed. From Haber, 

v.a. to possess. 
Hubiese, subj.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should have. From 

Haber, v.aux. to have. 
Hubiesen, subj.impf.Spn.pl. they should have. From Haber, v.aux. 

to have. 
Huyendo, ger. flying, escaping. From Huir, v.n. to fly. 
Huyeron, ind.pret.Spn.pl. they flew. From Huir t v.n. to fly. 



Pbamos, ind.impf. 1 pn.pl. we went. From Ir, v.n. to go. 

Ignorar, inf.pre. v.a. to be ignorant of, not to know, to be unac- 
quainted with. 

Ignoras, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. thou art ignorant of. From Ignorar, v.a. 
to be ignorant of. 

Iguala, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she equals. From Igualar, v.a. 
to equal. 

Igualar, inf.pre. v.a. to equal, to equalize, to level, to make even, 

Impedir, inf.pre. v.a. to impede, to obstruct, to hinder, to prevent. 

Impeler, inf.pre. v.a. to impel, to give an impulse, to excite, to 
stimulate. 

Impelio, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she impelled. From Impeler, 
v.a. to push. 

Implora, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she implores. From Implorar, 
v.a. to crave. 

Implorar, inf.pre. v.a. to implore, to crave, to supplicate, to soli- 
cit, to beg. 

Jmploro, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she implored. From Implorar., 
v.a. to crave. 

Incendiar, inf.pre. v.a. to set on fire, to kindle, to inflame. 

Inclina, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she inclines. From lnclinar, v.a\ 
to bend. 



176 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Inclinar, inf.pre. v.r. to be inclined, to bow, to have a reason to 

follow. 
Inclinar, inf.pre. v.a. to have a tendency, to bend, tp incline, to 

turn the desire towards any thing. 
Inclinas, ind.pre.2pn^in. thou art inclined. From Inclinar, v.n. 

to be inclined to. 
Inculcar, inf.pre. v.a. to inculcate, to impress, to corroborate. 
Inculquen, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may inculcate. From Inculcar, v. a. 

to impress. 
Indica, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she indicates. From Indicar, v.a. 

to indicate. 
Indic2ir\,ind.pre.l pn.pl. they indicate. From Indicar, v.A.to indicate. 
Indicar, inf.pre. v.a. to indicate, to point out, to show, to demon- 
strate. 
Inferir, inf.pre. v.n. to infer, to deduce, to draw from. 
Informar, inf.pre. v.a. to inform, to make acquainted, to instruct, 

to model. 
Inquieta, ind.prs.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she troubles. From Inquietar, 

v.a. to harass. 
Inquietar, inf.pre. v.a. to harass, to trouble, to perturb, to molest, 

to vex. 
Inquinr, inf.pre. v.a. to inquire, to penetrate into, to ask for, to 

ascertain by inquiry. 
Insistio, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she persists. From Insistir, v.n. 

to rest upon. 
Insistir/m/pre. v.n. to insist, to persist, to rest upon, to dwell upon. 
Inspira, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she inspires. From Inspirar, v.a. 

to infuse into. 
Inspirar, inf.pre. v.a. to inspire with, to infuse into, to animate. 
Instando, ger. pressing, urging. From Instar, v.a. to press. 
Instaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they urged. From Instar, v.a. to press. 
Instruir, inf.pre. v.a. to instruct, to teach, to inform, to lead into. 
Instruye, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she instructs. From Instruir, 

v.a. to teach. 
Intentar, inf.pre. v.a. to intend, to attempt, to try, to endeavour. 
Invocar, inf.pre. v.a. to invoke, to caii on, to implore. 
Irritar, inf.pre. v.a. to irntate, to agitate, to exasperate, to annul, 

to alter. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 177 

J. 

Jugaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they played. From Jugar, v.a. to play. 
Juntamos, ind.pre.lpn.pl. we join. From Juntar, v.a. to unite. 
Juntaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they joined. From Juntar, v.a. to as- 
semble. 

L. 

Lamentar, inf.pre. v.a. to lament, to mourn, to bewail. 
Levanta, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she raises. From Levantar, v.a. 

to lift up. 
Levantan, ind.pre.lpn.pl. they raise. From Levantar, v.a. to lift up. 
Levantar, inf.pre. v.a. to raise, to lift up, to elevate, to erect, to 

impute. 
Levantas, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou raisest. From Levantar, v.a. to 

erect. 
Levante, imp.pre. 3 pn.sin. let it, him, or her raise. From Levantar, 

v.a. to elevate. 
Levante, subj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may raise. From 

Levantar, v.a. to raise. 
Leva.nto ,ind.pre.l pn.sin. I raise. From Levantar, v a. to aggrandize. 
Levanto, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she rose. From Levantar, v.a. 

to raise. 
Limita, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she limits, or is limited. From 

Limitar, v.a. to set boundaries. 
Limitan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they limit, or are limited. From Limitar^ 

v.a. to confine. 
Limitar, inf.pre. v.a. to limit, to confine, to set bounds, to cir- 
cumscribe. 
Lograr on, ind.pret. 3 pn.pl. they obtained. From Lograr, v.a. to 

succeed. 

LL. 

Llamaba, ind.impf.3pn.pl. it, he, or she was called. From Llamar, 
v.r. to be called. 

Llamaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they were called. From Llamar, v.r. 
to be called. 

L\egBiba.ii t ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they reached. From Llegar, v.n. to ar- 
rive at. 
16* 



178 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Llegando, ger. arriving at, reaching. From Llegar, v.n. to suffice. 
Llegaron, ind.pre.2pn.pl. they arrived. From Llegar, v.n. to reach, 
Llenando, ger. filling. From Llenar, v.a. to occupy. 
Llenasen, subj.Simpf.3pn.pl. they should fill. From L/enar, v.a. 

to accomplish 
Llevando, ger. carrying, bringing. From Llevar, v.a. to bear with. 
Levir on, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they carried. From Llevar, v.a. to endure. 
Lloraban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they wept. From Llorar, v.a. to bewail. 
Llorando, ger. weeping, bewailing, lamenting. From Llorar, v.a. 

to bemoan. 
Lloraron, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they wept. From Llorar, v.a. to cry. 

M. 

Madurar, inf. pre. v.n. to become ripe, to reach the degree of ma- 
turity; v.a. to ripen, to make ripe. 

Maleara, subj. 2 impf. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she should be forgotten. 
From Malear, v.r. to be lost. 

Maltrata, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she treats illy. From Maltratar, 
v.a. to abuse. 

Maltratar, inf.pre. v.a. to treat, or use ill, to abuse, to spoil, to 
destroy. 

Mandaban, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they commanded. From Mandar, v.a. 
to order. 

Mandando, ger. ordering. From Mandar, v.a. to transmit. 

Manejais, ind. pre. 2 pn.pl. ye, or you manage. From Manejar, v.a. 
to carry on. 

Manejar, infpre. v.a. to transact, to carry on, to manage, to wield, 
to train a horse. 

Manejas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou managest. From Manejar, v.a. to 
manage. 

Mantener, infpre. v.a. to maintain, to support, to feed, to perse- 
vere, to continue. 

Mantengo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I maintain. From Mantener, v.a. to 
support. 

Mataban, ind.impf.2pn.pl. they killed. From Matar, v.r. to kill. 

Mejorar, inf.pre. v.a. to better, to improve, to meliorate, to grow 
better. 

Merece, ind pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she deserves. From Merecer. 
t.a. to merit. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 179 

Merecen, ind.pre.3pn.pl- they deserve. From Merecer, v.a. to be 

indebted for. 
Merecer, inf.pre. v.a. to deserve, to merit, to be indebted for, to 

have for. 
Merecia, ind.lmpf .3 pn.sin. it, he, or she merited. From Merecer, 

v.a. to merit. 
Mezclando, ger. mixing, mingling. From Mezclar, v.a. to mix. 
Mezclaran, subj.limpf.3pn.pl. they should mix. From Mezclar, 

v.a. to mix 
Midiendo, ger. measuring. From Medir, v.a. to measure. 
Ministran, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they serve (an office.) From Minist»ar t 

v.a. to perform (the functions of a public place.) 
Ministrar, inf.pre. v.a. to serve, to perform the functions of a 

public place, to supply. 
Minorar, inf.pre v.a. to lessen, to reduce (to a smaller compass,) 

to decrease. 
Minord, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she reduced. From Minorar t 

v.a. to lessen. 
Miraba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she looked. From Mirar, 

v.a. to see. 
Miraban, ind.itnpf.3 pn.pl. they looked at. From Mirar, v.a. to see. 
Mirando, ger. seeing, looking; at. From Mirar, v.a. to look at. 
Mirasteis, ind.pret.2 pn.pl. you, or ye looked at. From Mirar, v.a. 

to look at. 
Mitigar, inf.pre. v.a. to mitigate, to assuage, to soften, to quench. 
Mitigo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she mitigated. From Mitigar, 

v.a. to assuage. 
Modera, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. it, he, or she moderates. From Moderar, 

v.a. to regulate. 
Moderan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they moderate. From Moderar, v.a. to 

adjust. 
Moderar, inf.pre. v.a. to moderate, to regulate, to adjust. 
Moderar, inf.pre. v.a. to become moderate, or temperate. 
Molesta, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she troubles. From Molestar f 

v.a. to molest. 
Molestar, inf.pre. v.a. to harass, to molest, to vex, to trouble, to 

disturb. 
Mordian, ind.l impf.3pn.pl. they bit. From Morder, v.a. to bite. 



180 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Mostraba, ind.impfA or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she showed. From Mos- 
trar, v.a. to point out. 

Mostraban, ind.impf.3pn/pf. they showed. From Mostrar, v.a. to 
explain. 

Mostrando, ger showing, pointing out. From Mostrar,v.&.. to show. 

Mostraron, ind.pret.Spi.pl. they showed. From Mostrar, v.a. to 
show. 

Motejar, inf. pre. v.a. to ridicule, to censure (with disagreeable 
epithets.) 

Murmurar, inf. pre. v.n. to murmur, to grumble, to backbite, to 
censure. 

Murmures, subj. pre. 2 pn.sin. thou mayest murmur. From Mur- 
murar, v.a. to grumble. 

N. - 

Nacieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they were born. From Nacer, v.n. to 
spring. 

Naciese, subj 3 impf. 2 pn.sin. it, he, or she should be born. From 
Nacer v.n. to rise. 

Negocian, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they trade. From Negociar, v.n. to car- 
ry on commerce. 

Negociaar, infpre. v.n. to trade, to carry on commerce, to nego- 
tiate, to bribe. 

o. 

Oblisar, infpre. v.a. to oblige, to compel, to lay under obliga- 
tions of gratitude. 

Obllgas, ind.pre. 2 pn.sin. thou obliges! From Obligar, v.a. to con- 
fer favours. 

Obligue, subj. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she may oblige. From Obligar, 
v.a. to oblige. 

Obraba, ind.impf 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she laboured. From 
Obrar, v.a. to work. 

Obrase, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should labour. 
From Obrar, v.a. to work. 

Observar, Inf. pre. v.a to observe, to attend to, to obey, to execute. 

Observas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou observest. From Observar, v.a. to 
observe. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 181 

Obtendra, ind.futr.lpn.sin.' it, he, or she shall, or will obtain. 

From Obtener, v.a. to acquire. 
Obtener,m/".p*e. v.a. to obtain, to acquire, to preserve, to maintain. 
Ocultar,wi/pre. v.a. to conceal, to hide, to disguise, to keep secret. 
Ocupar, inf. pre. v.a. to occupy, to take possession of, to fill, to 

employ, to interrupt. 
Ofende, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she offends. From Ofender, v.a. 

to make angry. 
Ofender, inf. pre. v.a. to offend, to make angry, to injure. 
Ofrece, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she offers. From Ofrecer, v.a. to 

present. 
Ofrecer,in/.pre. v.a. to offer, to present, to manifest, to consecrate. 
Ofreci, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I offered. From Ofrecer, v.a. to offer. 
Ofr ecia,ind.impf 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she offered. From Ofrecer, 

v.a. to offer. 
Ofrecian, ind.imp.3pn.pl. they offered. From Ofrecer, v.a. to offer. 
Ofreciendo, ger. offering, presenting. From Ofrecer, v.a. to offer. 
Ofrecio, ind.pret-3 pn.sin. it, he, or she offered. From Ofrecer, v.a. 

to exhibit. 
Olvidais, ind.pre.2pn.pl. you, or ye forget. From Olvidar, v.a. to 

forget. 
Olvidar, inf. pre. v.a. to forget, to neglect, to omit. 
Olvldas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou forgettest. From Olvidar, v.N. to 

forget. 
Olvides, subj.pre.2 pn.sin. thou mayest forget. From Olvidar, v.a. 

to forget. 
Omitlr, inf.pre. v.a. to omit, to neglect, to pass over in silence. 
Ondeando, ger. undulating, fluctuating. From Ondear, v.a. to see- 
saw. 
Opera, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she operates. From Operar, v.N. 

to operate. 
Operan, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they operate. From Operar, v.N. to pro- 
duce effects. 
Operar, inf.pre. v.a. to operate, to act, to produce effects, to have 

agency. 
Opone, ind.pre.3 pn.dn. it, he, or she opposes. From Oponer, v.a. 

to oppose. 
Oponen, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they oppose. From Oponer, v.a. to oppose. 
Oponer, inf.pre. v.a. to oppose, to contradict, to object, 



182 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Opongan, subj.pre.3 pn.pl. they may oppose. From Oponer, v.a. to 

oppose. 
Oprimen, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they oppress. From Oprimir, v.a. to 

oppress. 
Oprimir, inf. pre. v.a. to oppress, to crush, to afflict, to overpower. 
Oraba, ind.impf.S pn.sin. it, he, or she prayed. From Orar, v.n. 

to pray. 
Ordena, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin, it, he, or she ordains. From Ordenar, v.a. 

to ordain. 
Ordenar, inf.pre. v.a. to ordain, to order, to command, to direct. 
Ordeno, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she ordained. From Ordenar, 

v.a. to order. 
Osaba, ind.impf.l or S pn.sin. I, it, he, or she dared. From Osar, 

v.n. to dare. 
Osaban, ind.impf.Spn.pl. they dared. From Osar, v.n to dare. 
Osasen, subj.S impf.S pn.pl. they should dare. From Osar, v.n. to 

dare. 
Ostento, ind.pret.Spn.sln. it, he, or she displayed. From Osientar, 

v.a. to demonstrate. 
Ostentan, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they brag of. From Ostentar, v.a. to show. 
Ostentar, inf.pre. v.a. to show, to demonstrate, to boast, to brag, 

to make a display. 
Ostentes, sub j.pre.2 pn.sin. thou mayest display. From Ostentar, 

v.a. to show. 
Oyendo, ger. hearing, perceiving. From Oir, v.a. to hear. 



Padecen, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they suffer. From Padecer, v.a. to suffer. 
Padecer, inf.pre. v.a. to suffer, to sustain an injury, to be liable to. 
Padeci, ind.pret.S pn.sin. I suffered. From Padecer, v.a. to suffer. 
Padezcan. subj.pre.Spn.pl. they may suffer. From Padecer, v.a. to 

suffer. 
Pagaron, ind.pret.S pn.pl. they paid. From Pagar, v.a. to pay. 
Parece, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she appears. From Parecer, v.n. 

to appear. 
Pareceu, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they appear. From Parecer, v.n. to seem. 
Parecer, inf.pre. v.n to appear, to seem, to become visible, to 

prove, to resemble. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 183 

Pareces, ind.pre.2pn.sin. thou resemblest. From Parecer, v.n. to 

appear. 
Pareci, ind.pret. 1 pn.sin. I appeared. From Parecer, v.n. to appear. 
Parecia, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she appeared. From 

Parecer, v.n. to appear. 
Parecfan, ind.impJ.Spn.pl. they appeared. From Parecer, v.n. to 

appear. 
Pareeio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she appeared. From Parecer, 

v.n. to appear. 
Pasaba, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she passed. From Pasar, 

v.a. to pass. 
Pasando, ger. passing, penetrating. From Pasar, v.n. to go. 
Pasara, subj.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I might, or would pass. From Pasar, 

v.n. to pass. 
Pasaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl, they passed. From Pasar, v.n. to pass. 
Pasase, subj.3impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she might, or should 

pass. From Pasar, v.n. to pass. 
Pasasen, subj.3impf.3pn.pl. they should pass. From Pasar, v.n. to 

pass. 
Pasmaron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they astonished. From Pasmar, v.a* to 

benumb. 
Pasmaron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they were astonished. From Pasmar, 

v.n. to be enraptured. 
Pecaste, ind.pret. 2 pn.sin. thou sinnedst. From Pecap, v.n. to sin. 
Pedira, ind.futr.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will ask. From Pedir, v.a« 

to beg. 
Penetra, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she penetrates. From Penetrar, 

v.a. to pierce. 
Penetrar, inf.pre. v.a. to penetrate, to pierce, to be convinced, to 

understand, to affect the mind. 
Pensamos, ind.pre. 1 pn.pl. we think. From Pensar, v.n. to think. 
Pensamos, ind.pret.3pn.pl. we thought. From Pensar, v.n. to think. 
Pensando, ger. thinking, believing. From Pensar, v.n. to think. 
Perciben, ind.pre. 3 pn.pl. they perceive. From Percibi-, v.a. to 

perceive. 
Percibio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she perceived. From Perci- 

bir, v.a. to perceive. 
Percibir, inf.pre. v.a. to perceive, to penetrate, to understand. 



184 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Perdiera, subj. 1 impf.l or: n -pn,sin. I, it, he, or she would lose. 

From Perder, v.a. to mispend. 
Perdieron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they lost. From Perder, v.a. to mis- 
pend. 
Perdiste, ind.pret.2pn.sin. thou didst lose. From Perder,Y.A. to lose. 
Perdonar, inf.pre. v.a. to pardon, to forgive, to beg leave, to ex- 
empt. 
Perdond, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she pardoned. From Perdonar, 

v.a. to pardon. 
Perecer, inf.pre. v.n. to perish, to be destroyed, to undergo un- 
common fatigue, to be extremely poor. 
Permita, subj.pre.3pn.sin. he may permit. From Permitir, v.a. to 

permit. 
FermWid, imp.pre.2pn.pl, permit ye. Fr^m Permitir, v.a to permit. 
Permitir, inf.pre. v.a. to permit, to consent, to agree, to grant, to 

admit. 
Perseguir, inf.pre. v.a. to persecute, to pursue, to harass, to weary. 
Persiguen, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they ma} ptisccute. From Perseguir, 

v.a. to harass. 
Persiste, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she persists. From Persistir,v.a. 

to insist. 
Persistir, inf.pre. v.n. to persist, to continue firm, to persevere. 
Per.^uade, ind.pre 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she persuades. From Persua- 

dir, v.a. to induce. 
Persuadir, inf.pre. v.a. to persuade, to induce, to be persuaded. 
Pestafiea, ind pre .3 pn.sin. it, he, or she moves the eye-lashes. 

From Pestanear, v.a. to move the eye-lashes. 
Pestafiear, inf.pre. v.a. to move the eye-iashes. 
Picaba, ind.impf.l or 3pn.sin. I, it, he, or she pricked. From Picar, 

v.a. to sting. 
Picaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they stung, or pricked. From Picar, v.a. 

to pound. 
Pidiendo, ger. asking, begging. From Pedir, v.a. to ask. 
Pidieron, ind.prei.3 pn.pl. they asked, i'rom Pedir, v.a. to inquire 

for. 
Podemos, ind.pre.l pn.pl. we can. From Poder, v.a. to be abJe. 
Podiamos, ind.impj. I pn.pl. we could. From Poder, v.a. to be able. 
Podremos, ind.futr. 1 pn.pl. we shall be able. From Poder, v.a. to 
be able. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 185 

Ponderar, inf.pre. v.a. to exaggerate, to weigh, to examine, to 

ponder, to dwell on. 
Poniendo, ger. placing, putting. From Poner, v.a. to put. 
Posee, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she possesses- From Poseer, v.a. 

to possess. 
Poseen, ind. pre. 3 pn.pl. they possess. From Poseer, v.a. to possess. 
Poseer, inf.pre. v.a. to possess, to have, to hold, to be master of a 

science. 
Poseian, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they possessed. From Poseer, v.a. to 

have. 
Preceder, inf.pre. v.a. to precede, to go before, to excel, to be 

superior in order. 
Precisar, inf.pre. v.a. to compel, to oblige, to force. 
Predecir, inf.pre. v.a. to foretel, to anticipate, to predict. 
Predijo, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she foretold. From Predecir, 

v.a. to predict. 
Preguntar, inf.pre. v.a. to ask, to question, to demand, to inquire. 
Pregunte, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I asked. From Preguntar, v.a. to de- 
mand. 
Pregunto, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she demanded. From Pre- 
guntar, v.a. to demand. 
Prepara, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she prepares. From Preparar, 

v.a. to get ready. 
Preparar ,inf.pre. v.A.to prepare, to fit, to get ready, to be disposed. 
Preparas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou preparest. From Preparar, v.a. to 

prepare. 
Prescribe, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she prescribes. From Pres- 

cribir, v.a. to determine. 
Prescribir, inf.pre. v.a. to prescribe, to mark, to order, to stand 

in need of. 
Prescindir, inf.pre. v.a. to lay aside, to cut off, to intercept, to 

prescind. 
Presenter, inf.pre. v.a. to present, to offer, to favour with a gift. 
Presenta, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she presents. From Presentar, 

v.a. to present. 
Presente, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I presented. From Presentar, v.a. to 

present. 
Vresento,ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she presented. From Presentar, 

v.a. to present. 
17 



186 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Preserver, inf.pre. v.a. to preserve, to defend from evil, to keep, 
Preservo, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she preserved. From Preser- 

var, v.a. to preserve. 
Pretender, inf.pre. v.a. to pretend, to claim, to solicit, to attempt. 
Pretestar, inf.pre. v.a. to allege, to give a pretext, to advance a 

pretence. 
Pretiende, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she solicits. From Pretender, 

v.a. to pretend. 
Pretiendes, ind. pre. 2 pn.sin. thou pretendest. From Pretender, v.a. 

to pretend. 
Prevenir, inf.pre. v.a. to prepare, to foresee, to prevent, to give 

notice, to supervene'. 
Previno, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she arranged. From Prevenir, 

v.a. to give notice, to order. 
Principiar, inf.pre. v.a. to begin, to commence, to enter upon. 
Principio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she began. From Principiar, 

v.a. to commence. 
Privando, ger. depriving. From Privar, v.a. to enjoy the protec- 
tion of. 
Probaban, ind.hnpf.S pn.sin. they proved. From Provar, v.a. to try. 
Procura, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she endeavours. From Procu- 

rar, v.a. to endeavour. 
Procurar, inf.pre. v.a. to solicit, to strive, to endeavour, to act as 

an attorney. 
Procures, sub j.pre.2 pn.sin. thou mayest endeavour^ From Procu- 
rar, v.a. to strive. 
Prodigar, inf.pre. v.a. to waste, to lavish, to misspend. 
Produce, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she produces. From Producir, 

v.a. to produce. 
Producen, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they produce. From Producir, v.a. to 

produce. 
Producir, inf.pre. v.a. to produce, to bring forth, to engender. 
Produzca, subj.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she may produce. From 

Producir, v.a. to produce. 
Profesar, inf.pre. v.a. to profess, to exercise, to practise any 

profession openly, to be admitted into any religious order. 
Profenr, inf.pre. v.a. to utter, to pronounce, to proffer, to relate. 
Pronere, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she utters. From Proferir> v.a. 

to relate. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 187 

Urometer, inf. pre. v.a. to promise, to assever, to assure, to flatter 
one's self. 

Prometf, ind.pre.1pn.sin. I promise. From Prometer, v.a. to pro- 
mise. 

Prom^to, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I promise. From Prometer, v.a. to pro- 
mise. 

Pronuncian, ind.pre,S pn.pl. they pronounce. From Pronunclar, 
v.a. to pronounce. 

Proponer, inf. pre. v.a. to propose, to represent, to resolve, to 
purpose. 

Propuso, ind.pret.% pn.sin. it, he, or she proposed. From Proponer, 
v.a. to propose. 

Prorumpio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she burst into. From Pro- 
romper, v.n. to burst forth. 

Prorumpir, inf. pre. v.n. to burst into, to burst forth. 

Proseguid, ir.ip.pre.2pn.pl. continue ye. From Proseguir, v.a. to 
follow. 

Proseguir, inf.pre. v.a. to continue, to follow, to pursue. 

Proteger, inf.pre. v.a. to protect, to patronize, to encourage, to 
shelter. 

Proveer, inf.pre. v.a. to provide, to supply, to dispose, to decree. 

~ProYei3i,ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she provided. From Pro- 
veer, v.a. to provide, to dispose. 

Provenir, inf.pre. v.n. to arise, to originate, to proceed from. 

Proviene, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she arises. From Provenir, ,v. ,n. 
to originate. 

Publicar, inf.pre. v.a. to publish, to make known, to manifest, to 
lay open, to reveal, to cry, to proclaim. 

Pudiendo, ger. being able, or capable. From Poder, v.a to be able. 

Pudiera,sw6/.l impf.l or Sjm.sin. I, it, he, or she could. From Poder, 
v.a. to be able. 

Pudieran, subj.l impf.S pn.pl. they could. From Poder, v.a. to be 
able. 

Pudieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they could, or were able. From Poder t 
v.a. to be able. 

Profesar, inf.pre. v.a. to profess, to declare openly, to exercise, 
to teach publicly. 

Pronuncian, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they pronounce. From Pronunciar, 
y.A. to utter. 



188 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Pronunciar, inf.pre. v.a. to pronounce, to utter, to announce, to 
deliver, to articulate. 

Pudiese, subj.S imp/. 1 or 3 pn.pl. I, it, he, or she might. From Vo- 
der, v.a. to be able. 

Pusieron, ind.pret. 3 pn.pl. they placed. From Poner, v.a.' to put. 

Pusiese, subj.S imp/. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should place, 
From Poner, v.a. to put. 

Pusiesen, subj.Simpf.Spn.pl. they should place. From Poner, v.a. 
to place. 

Q. 

Quebrantar, inf.pre. v.a. to break, to transgress, to burst, to grind, 

to vex, to molest. 
Quedaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin, it, he, or she remained. From Que- 

dar, v.a. to remain. 
Quedando, ger. remaining, staying. From Quedar, v.a. to remain. 
Quedarais, subj.limpf.2pn.pl. ye, or you would remain. From 

Quedar, v.a. to remain. 
Quedaron, ind-pret.S pn.pl. they remained. From Quedar, v.a. to 

remain. 
Quemaba, ind.impf. 1 or S pn.sin. I, it, he, or she burnt. From Que- 

mar, v.a. to burn. 
Queramos, subj.pre.lpn.pl. we may be willing, or let us be willing. 

From Querer, v.a. to like. 
Queriendo, ger. desiring, wishing. From Querer, v.a. to like. 
Quisiera, sub j. 1 impf. I or S pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would. From 

Qjuerer, v.a. to like. 
Quisieran, subj.limpf.Spn.pl. they would, or they might wish. 

From Querer, v.a. to be willing. 
Quisieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they would, or wished. From Querer, 

v.a. to like. 
Quisiese, subj.3 impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should be willing. 

From Querer, v.a. to wish. 

R. 

Rasgando, ger. tearing, rending. From Rasgctr, v.a. to lacerate, 
lleanimar, inf.pre. v.a. to reanimate, to cheer, to encourage. 
Reanimo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she encouraged. Froml?e«m- 
mar, v.a. to cheer. 



TERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 169 

Rebosar, inf.pre. v.a. to glow, to overflow, to abound, to show, t© 

evince. 
Rebentar-jtn/'.pre. v.n. to burst, to break into pieces, to break loose. 
Rebento, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she burst. From Rebentar, V;tf. 

to burst into. 
Recama, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she adorns, or graces. From 

Recamar, v.a. to embroider. 
Recamar, inf.pre. v.a. to variegate, to embroider, to ornament, to 

grace. 
Rechazar, inf.pre. v.A.to repel, to drive, to discharge^ to contradict. 
Rechazo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she repelled. From Rechazar) 

v.a. to discharge. 
Recibio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she received. From Recibir, 

v.a. to accept. 
Recibir, inf.pre. v.a. to receive, to accept, to imbibe, to fasten, 

to experience. 
Recobrar, inf.pre. v.a. to recover, to get back what was lost; 
Recoger, inf-pre*. v.a. to collect, to gather, to receive, to shelter, 

to suspend the use. 
Recogia, ind.hnpf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she gathered* From 

Recoger, v.a. to collect. 
Recordar, inf.pre. v.a. to remind, to put in mind, to call to 

memory. 
Recuerdan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they remind. From Recordar, v.a. to 

put in mind. 
Redimi, ind.pret. 1 pn.sin. I redeemed. From Redimir,v. a. to rescue. 
Redimir, inf.pre. v.a. to redeem, to rescue, to succour, to relieve, 
Redobla, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she redoubles. From Redoblar, 

v.a. to clinch. 
Redoblar, infpre. v.a. to redouble, to increase by a half, to clinch, 

to rivet. 
Reduce, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she reduces. From Reducir, v.a. 

to lessen. 
Reducia, ind.impf. lor 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she reduced. From 

Reducir, v.a. to diminish. 
Reducir, inf.pre. v.a. to reduce, to lessen, to commute, to convert, 

to persuade. 
Redujo, ind.pret 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she reduced. From Reducir^ 

v.a. to diminish. 
17* 



190 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Referir, inf. pre. v.a. to relate, to say, to narrate, to refer, to mark, 
to report. 

Refiere, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she relates. From Referir, v.a. 
to refer. 

Refrena, ind. pre. 3 pn. sin. it, he, or she curbs. From Refrenar,\.\. 
to refrain. 

Refrenar, inf. pre. v.a. to curb, to check, to refrain, to contain. 

Regalar, inf.pre. v.a. to present, to refresh, to entertain, to cares3. 

Regalo, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she presented. From Regular, 
v.a. to entertain. 

Rehusar, inf.pre. v.a. to refuse, to decline, not to accept. 

Relatar, inf.pre. v.a. to relate, to narrate, to report, to say. 

Remendar, inf.pre. v.a. to repair, to mend, to patch, to correct, 
to adjust. 

Remiendo, inclpre. I pn.sin. I mend. From, Remendar ,v. a. to patch. 

Remitir, inf.pre. v.a. to send, to remit, to transmit, to refer one's 
self. 

Remozar, inf.pre. v.a. to render younger, to endeavour to ap- 
pear younger than one really is. 

Renovo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she renewed. From Rcnovar, 
v.a. to renew. 

Reparte, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she divides. From Repartir, v.a. 
to distribute. 

Repartir, inf.pre. v.a. to divide, to distribute, to assess taxes. 

Repasan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they look over. From Repasar, v.a. to 
revise. 

Repasar, inf.pre. v.a. to repass, to re-examine, to revise, to ex- 
plain a second time, to air. 

Repetir, inf.pre. v.a. to repeat, to say over, to reiterate, to de- 
mand repeatedly. 

Repite, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she repeats. From Repetir, v.a. 
to repeat 

Replicar, inf.pre. v.n. to reply, to contradict arguments, to con- 
tradict. 

Replied", ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she replied. From Replicar, v.n. 
to contradict. 

Reposar, inf.pre. v.x\ to repose, to rest, to take a sleep, to rest 
in peace. 






VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 191 

Rcpdsen, subj.pre.Spn.pl they may repose. From Reposar, v.n. to 
rest. 

Repugnar, inf.pre. v.a. to oppose, to contradict, to proceed re- 
luctantly, to imply, to object. 

Repugne, subj.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she may object; From Re- 
pugnar, v a. to contradict. 

Reponer, inf.pre. v.a. to reply, to answer, to replace, to collocate. 

Repuso, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she replied. From Reponer, v. a. 
to replace. 

Resentir, inf.pre. v.r. to resent, to express displeasure, to give way, 
to fail. 

Resienten, ind. pre. 3 pn.pl. they resent. From Resentir, v.r. to be 
displeased. 

Resiste, ind. pre. 3 pn. sin. it, he, or. she resists. From Resistir, v.n. 
to oppose. 

Resistir, inf.pre. v.n. to oppose, to resist, to contradict, to tolerate. 

ResoIver,i?i/.;pre. v.a. to determine, to resolve, to decide, to de- 
cree, to dissipate, to analyze. 

Resoivian, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they resolved. From Resolver, v.a. to 
determine- 

Resolvio, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she resolved. From Resolver, 
v.a. to determine. 

Resonar, inf.pre. v.n. to resound, to re-echo. 

Respirar, inf.pre. v.n. to breathe, to rest, to spread scents, to ani- 
mate. 

Responde, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she answers. From Responder, 
v.a. to answer. 

Responden, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they answer. From Responder, v.a. to 
reply. 

Responder, inf.pre. v.a. to answer, to reply, to acknowledge, to 
correspond. 

Respoudia, ind.impf.l or3pn.pl. I, it, he, or she answered. From 
Responder, v.a. to correspond. 

Respondio, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she replied. From Responder, 
v.a. to answer. 

Restaba, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she remains. From Restar y 
v.a. to subtract. 

Resultar, inf.pre. v.n. to rebound, to proceed from, to rise, to 
remain. 



192 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Resulto, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it arose. From Resultar, v.n. to rebound. 
Retardar, inf.pre. v.a. to retard, to delay, to postpone, to defer. 
Retira, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she retires. From Retirar, v.a. 

to retire. 
Retiran, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they retire. From Retirar, v.a. to with- 
draw. 
Retirar, inf.pre. v.a. to retire, to withdraw, to decline, to repel, 

to retreat. 
Retiro, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she retired. From Retirar, v.a. 

to retire. 
Retiro, vnd.pre.lpn.sin. I retire. From Retirar, v.a. to withdraw. 
Retorcer, inf.pre. v.a. to twist, to retort, to convolve, to interpret 

wrongly. 
Reuniendo, ger. uniting, collecting. From Reunir, v.a. to unite. 
Revolver, in f pre. v.a. to turn, to revolve, to excite commotions. 
Revuelven, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they revolve. From Revolver, v.a. te 

return. 
Robaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they stole. From Robar, v.a. to rob. 
Rodeaban, ind.impf 3 pn.sin. they turned. From Rodear, v.a. to 

move. 
Rogando, ger. praying, asking, begging. From Rogar, v.a. to deV 

mand. 
Rompian, imlimpf. 3 pn.pl. they broke. From Romper % v.a. to break. 

s. 

Sacando, ger. drawing, plucking up. From Sacar, v.a. to pluck up. 
Sacara, ind.fatr.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will draw. From Sacar, v.a. 

to draw. 
Sacasen, suhj.3impf.3pn.pl. they should draw. From Sacar, v.a. 
Salieron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they went out. From Salir,v.*i. to go out, 
Saludar, inf.pre. v.a. to salute, to greet, to express content, to fire 

a salute, to proclaim. 
Saludan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they salute. From Saludar, v.a. to salute. 
Sazona, ind.pre.3 pn.siy. it, he, or she seasons. From Sazonar, v.n. 

to season. 
Sazonar, inf.pre. v.a. to season, to bring to maturity; v.n. to ripen. 
Semejan, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they resemble. From Semejar, v.n. to be 

like. 
Semejar, inf.pre. v.n. to resemble, to be like, to liken. 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 193 

Sentira, ind.futr.3pn.sin. it, he, or she will feel. From Sentir, v.n. 

to feel. 
Sentiran, ind.futr.Spn.pl. they will feel. From Sentir, v.n. to be 

sorry for. 
Senalan, ind,pre.3 pn.pl. they assign. From Senalar, v.a. to mark. 
Senalar, inf. pre. v.a. to stamp, to point out, to mark, to demon- 
strate, to .determine. 
Senalas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou assignest. From Senator, v. a. to mark. 
Senorear, inf. pre. v.a. to overlook, to rule, to govern, to command. 
Separa, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she separates. From Separar, 

v.a. to part, to cut asunder. 
Sejia.ra.n,ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they separate. From Separar, v.a. to divide. 
Separar, inf.pre. v.a. to separate, to divide, to part, to dissect, to 

withdraw. 
S epar as, ind.pre. 2 pn. sin. thou dividest. From Separar, v.a. to 

divide. 
Seremos, ind.futr.lpn.pl. we shall be. From Ser, v.n - . to be, 
SerxirsLn,ind.futr.3 pn.pl. they will serve. From Servir, v.A.to serve. 
Siguiendo, ger. following, prosecuting. From Seguir, v.n. to result. 
Silbaba, ind.impf. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she whistled. From Silbar, 

v.a. to hiss. 
Sirviendo, ger. serving. From Servir, v.a. to serve, to do a favour* 
Sobraba, ind.impf .3 pn.sin. it, he, or she had more than enough. 

From Sobrar, v.n. to be more than is necessary. 
Socorred, imp.pre.2pn.pl. succour ye, or you. From Socorrer, 

v.a. to succour. 
Socorrer, inf.pre. v.a. to succour, to aid, to administer relief. 
Socorri, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. I succoured, or aided. From Socorrer, 

v.a. to administer. 
Sofoque, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I was excited, or suffocated. From Sofo- 

car, v.a. to smother. 
Sojuzgar, inf.pre. v.a. to subjugate, to subdue, to conquer. • 
Sostener, inf.pre. v.a. to maintain, to support, to sustain, to feed, 

to defend. 
Sostiene, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she supports. From Sostener, 

v.a. to sustain. 
Subiendo, ger. ascending, mounting. From Subir, v.a. to walk up. 
Suceder, inf.pre. v.n. to happen, to take place, to come to pass, to 

succeed. 



194 VERBS OF TFIREE SYLLABLES. 

Sucedio, ind.pret .3 pn.sin. it happened. From Suceder, v.n. to take 

place. 
Sufocar, inf.pre. v.a. to suffocate, to smother, to harass, to molest, 

to oppress. 
Sufrire, ind.futr. 1 pn.sin. I shall suffer. From Sufrir, v.a. to suffer. 
Sugcrir, inf.pre. v.a. to suggest, to hint, to intimate, to instigate. 
Sugetiir, inf.pre. v.a. to subject, to reduce, to overcome. 
Sumergfr, inf.pre. v.a. to plunge into, to sink, to embarrass. 
Sumira, indfutr.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will sink, or be sunk. From 

Sumir, v.n. to swallow up. 
Supieron, ind.pret.Spn.pl. they knew. From Saber, v.a. to know. 
Supiesen, subj.3impf.3pn.pl. they should know. From Saber, v.a. 

to know. 
Suplicar, inf. pre. v.a. to beseech, to supplicate, to demand. 
Suplico, ind.pre J pi.sin. I supplicate. From Suplicar, v.a. to be- 
seech. 
Supliquc, ind.pret. I pn.sin. I beseeched. From Svplicar, v.a. t© 

demand. 
Sustentan, ind.pre.3 pnpl. they sustain. From Sustentar, v.a. ta 

support. 
Sustentar, infpre. v.a. to maintain, to sustain, to support. 

T. 

Taiiendo, ger. ringing, playing. From Tarier, v.a. to ring (a bell,?) 

or to play (on an instrument.) » 

Temiesen, subj.3 impf.3pn.pl. they should fear. From Temer, v.a. 

to fear. 
Tendremos. ind.futrApn.pl. we shall, or will have. From Tetxer % 

v.a. to have. 
Tenemos, ind.preApn.pl. we have. From Tener, v.a. to have. 
Teniamos, ind.impfA pn.pl. we had. From Tener, v.a. to possess. 
Tenfen, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they had* From Tener, v.a. to possess. 
Teniendo, ger. having, possessing. From Tener, v.a. to hold. 
Tocaba, ind.impf .3 pn.sin. it belonged to, or it concerned it, him., 

or her. From Tocar, v.a. to be the duty of. 
Tolerar, inf.pre. v.a. to tolerate, to suffer, to permit, to indulge. 
Tolero, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she tolerated From ToleraTi 

v.a. to permit, 



VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 195 

Tomaba, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she took. From Tomar, v.a. to 

take. 
Tomlndo, ger. taking. From Tomar, v.a. to grasp. 
Tomara, subj.limpf. 3 pn.sin. I would take. From Tomar, v.a. to 

receive. 
Tomaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they took. From Tomar, v.a. to catch. 
Topaba, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she met with. From Topar,v.A+ 

to run against. 
Torciendo, ger. taking a wrong path. From Torcer, v.a. to twist. 
Torcieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they twisted, or took a wrong path. 

From Torcer, v.a. to twist. 
Tomara, ind.futr. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will return. From Tomar, 

v.n. to restore. 
Trabaja, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she worked. From Trabajar, 

v.a. to labour. 
Trabajar, inf. pre. v.a. to labour, to work, to be engaged in some 

business. 
Tragaron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they swallowed. From Tragar, v.a. t» 

swallow down. 
TvdigQYon, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they brought. From Traer, v.a. to bring. 
Transportar, inf. pre. v.a. to transport, to convey, to remove. 
Transpdrte, subj.pre. 1 pn.sin. I may transport. From Transportar, 

v.a. to remove. 
Traslada, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she translates. From Trasladar t 

v.a. to remove. 
Trasladar, inf.pre. v.a. to translate, to remove, to transcribe, to 

copy. 
Traspasar, inf.pre. v.a. to run through, to pierce, to excite com- 
passion, to remove, to transport. 
Trastornar, inf.pre. v.a. to subvert, to overthrow, to confuse, to 

persuade, to derange. 
TratabajittcUwp/.l or 3 pn.sin.J, it, he, or she treated. From Tratar t 

v.n. to discourse. 
Tro.ta.ban,ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they treated. From Tratar, v.A.to handle. 
Tratando, ger. treating, touching, trading. From Tratar, v.a. to 

discuss. 
Trataron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they treated. From Tratar, v.a. to have 

intercourse. 
Trayendo, ger. carrying, bringing. From Traer, v.a. to fetch. 



196 VERBS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 

Triunfando, ger. triumphing, subduing. From Triunfar, v.a. t» 

conquer. 
Triunfar, inf. pre. v.a. to triumph, to conquer, to gain a victory. 
Tropezar, inf. pre. v.n. to stumble, to be detained, to wrangle, to 

dispute. 
Turbando, ger. disquieting, disturbing. From Turbar, v.a. to vex. 
Tuviera, subj.impf.lov3pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would, or might 

have. From Tener, v.a. to hold. 
Tuvierais, subj.l impf.2 pn.pl. you, or ye should have. From Tener, 

v.a to possess. 
Tuviere, subjfutr.l ov3pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should have. From 

Tener, v.a to possess. 
T\i\i€von, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they possessed. From Tener,v.A.to have. 
Tuvieseis, subj. 3 impf. 2 pn.pl. if ye, or you should have. From 

Tener, v.a. to possess. 
Tuviesen, subj.3 impf. 3 pn.pl. if they should have. From Tener, v.a. 

to possess. 

u. 

Usaba, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she used. From Usar, v.a. to 

accustom. 
Usaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they used. From Usar, v.a. to inure. 
Usurpa, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she usurps. From Usurpar, v.a. 

to usurp. 

V. 

Vacilar, inf.pre. v.n. to vacillate, to stagger, to be perplexed, to 
wander, to be doubtful. 

Valiendo, g-er. taking advantage, being worth. From Valer, v.r. to 
take advantage. 

Valiesen, subj.3 impf.3pn.pl. they should be worth. From Valer j\.r. 
to be worth. 

Velamos, ind.pret.lpn.pl. we sat up. From Velar, v.a. to sit up. 

Velamos, ind.pre. lpn.pl. we sit up. From Velar, v.a. to sit up. 

Velando, ger. sitting up, watching. From Velar, v.a. to sit up. 

Vencimos, ind.pret. 1 pn.pl. we conquered. From Fencer, v.a. to 
conquer. 

Venderias, subj.2 impf .3 pn.sin. it, he, or she would sell. From Ven- 
der, v.a. to sell. 



VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 197 

Vendiendo, ger. selling, vending. From Vender, v.a. to sell. 
Verificar, inf.pre. v.a. to realize, to verify, to confirm, to prove. 
Vertiendo, ger. shedding, spreading. From Verter, v.a. to spill. 
Viniendo, ger. coming. From Venir, v.n. to come. 
Vinieron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they came. From Venir, v.n. to come. 
Viola.ba.n. i ind.impf.3pn.pl.they violated. From Violar, v. a. to violate. 
Violentar, inf.pre. v.a, to force, to violate, to open or break any 

thing by force. 
Yhiiiir, inf. pre. v.a. to visit, to search (ships,) to examine (prisons.) 
Vistier on, in d .pret. 3 pn.pl. they dressed. From Vestir, v.a. to dress. 
Viviendo, ger. living, existing. From Vivir, v.n. to enjoy life. 
Viviese, subj.Simpf.l or 3 pn.sin. I should live. From Vivir, v.n. to 

live. 
Vivira, ind.futr.Sp71.sin. it, he, or she will live. From Vivir, v.n. 

to live. 
Volaron, ind.pret.3jm.pl. they flew. From Volar, v.a. to fly. 
Vol vera, ind.futr. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will return. From Volver, 

v.n. to return. 
Volveran, ind.fxdr.3pn.pl. they will return. From Volver, v.n. to 

return. 
Volviendo,ger. returning, coming back. From Volver, v.n. tc return. 



LESSON IX. 

VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



A. 

Abalanzar, inf.pre. v.a. to rush against, to counterpoise, to weigh. 

Abandonais. ind.pre.2pn.pl. ye, or you abandon. From. Jlbandunar, 
v.a. to abandon. 

Abandonar, inf.pre. v.a. to abandon, to desert, to despond, to des- 
pair. 

Abandonas, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou abandonest. From Abandonar, 
v.a. to abandon. 
18 



198 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Abanddnes, stibj.pre.2pn.siyi. thou mayest abandon. From Aban- 

donor, v.a. to abandon. 
Abandono, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I abandon. From Abandonar, v.a. to 

abandon. 
Abandono, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she abandoned. From Aban- 
donar, v.a. to abandon. 
Abordara, subj.) imp/A or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she could, or might 

board. From Abordar, v.a. to board a vessel. 
Aborrece, ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she abhors. From Aborrecer, 

v.a. to despise. 
Aborrecer, inf.pre. v.a. to despise, to abhor, to detest, to hate. 
Aborrecian, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they hated. From Aborrecer, v.a. to 

abhor. 
Aborrezco, ind.pre. 1 jm.sin. I abhor. From Aborrecer, v.a. to hate. 
Abrazaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she embraced. From. 

Abrazar, v.a. to surround. 
Abrazando, ger. embracing. From Abrazar, v.a. to avail one's 

self of. 
Abrazara, subj. 1 imp/. I or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would, or should 

embrace. From Jlbrazar, v.a. to embrace. 
Acababa, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she terminated. From 

rfcabar, v.a. to conclude. 
Acabando, ger. concluding, finishing. From Acabar, v.a. to ter- 
minate. 
Acabasen, subj.3 hnpf.3 pn.pl. they should conclude. From Acabar, 

v.a. to terminate. 
Acarrear, inf.pre. v.a. to bring on, to occasion, to cause, to convey. 
Acataron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they respected. From JJcatar, v.a. to 

revere, to behold, to acknowledge. 
Acelerar, inf.pre. v.a. to accelerate, to hasten, to expedite, to 

despatch, to quicken. 
Acercaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she drew near. From 

Acer car, v.a. to approximate. 
Acercando, ger. approaching, drawing near. From Acercar, v.a. 

to approximate. 
Acometer, inf.pre. v.a. to attack, to assault, to undertake, to tempt. 
Aconsejar, inf.pre. v.a. to advise, to counsel; v.n. to take advice. 
Acordara, subj. 1 impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would, or 

should remember. From Acordar, v.a. to agree. 



VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 199 

Acordaran, subj.l impf.3 pn.pl. they would remember. From Jlcor- 

dar, v.a. to agree. 
Acostumbra, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she is in the habit. From 

Jlcostumbrar , v.a. to inure. 
Acostumbrar, inf. pre. v.a. to accustom, to inure; v.n. to be wont. 
Acudamos, subj.pre.lpn.pl. let us, or we may repair. From Jlcu- 

dir, v.a to apply, to assist, to yield, to have recourse. 
Acudira, ind.futr. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she shall, or will assist. From 

Jlcudir, v.a. to repair. 
Acusaba, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she accused. From 

Jlcusar, v.a. to accuse. 
Adelantar, inf.pre. v.n. to advance, to progress, to improve, to 

meliorate. 
Adivinar, in/pre. v.a. to foretell, to guess, to divine, to unriddle 

(an enigma.) 
Admiraba, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she admired. From«#<Z- 

mirar, v.a. to be struck with. 
Admiraron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they were struck by. From Jldmirar, 

v.a. to admire. 
Admirasen,sw6j.3 impf.3 pn.pl. they should admire. From Jldmirar, 

v.a. to admire. 
Adornaba, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she ornamented. 

From Mornar, v.a. to decorate. 
Advertfmos, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they observed. From Advertir, v.a. 

to perceive. 
Advertimos, ind.pret.lpn.pl. we observed. From Observar, v.a. to 

take notice of. 
Agarrochean, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they pierce. From Jlgarrochear, v.a. 

to goad. 
Agarrochear, inf.pre. v.a. to prick (with a lance,) to pierce, to 

goad. 
Agradaba, ind. impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she pleased. From 

Agradar, v.a. to delight. 
Agrad^cer, infpre. v.a. to thank, to be obliged to, to recompense, 

to acknowledge. 
Ahondaba, ind.impf. I or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she sounded. From 

Jlhondar, v.a. to penetrate into. 
Alargando, ger. extending, increasing, enlarging. From Alargar, 

v.a. to lengthen. 



200 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Alcanzaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she reached. From 

Alcanzar, v.a. to obtain. 
Alegraba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she rejoiced. From 

Alegrar, v.a. to enliven. 
Alimentar, inf.pre. v.a. to maintain, to feed, to support, to give 

sustenance. 
Aliviara, ind.futr. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will mitigate. From Ali- 

viar, v.a. to ease. 
Aliviare, ind.futr. \ pn.sin. I shall, or will mitigate. From Aliviar, 

v.a. to ease. 
Alteraron, ind.pret.Spn.pl. they altered. From Alterar, v.a. to 

change. 
Amanece, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it grows light. From Amanecer, v.imp. 

to grow light. 
Amanecer, inf.pre. v.imp. to grow light, to be (at a certain place, 

or in a certain condition,) at day break. 
Amenazan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they threaten. From Amenazar, v.a. to 

menace. 
Amenazar, inf.pre. v.a. to threaten, to menace. 
Anduvieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they walked. From Andar, v.n. to 

walk. 
Anunciaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she announced. 

From Anunciar, v.a. to prognosticate. 
Anunciaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they announced. From Anunciar, 

v.a. to forebode, 
Aparecer, inf.pre. v.n. to appear, to rise, to peep, to break out. 
Aparecio, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she appeared. From Aparecer, 

v.n. to peep. 
Apercibio, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she prepared. From Aperci- 

bir, v.n. to get ready. 
Apercibir,'m/.j)re. v.n. to get ready, to prepare, to provide, to 

advise. 
Apercibo, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I prepare. From Apcrcibir, v.n. to get 

ready. 
Apoderar, inf.pre. v.r. to take possession of, to possess one's self. 
Aprendiese, subj.Simpf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should learn. 

From Aprender, v.a. to learn. 
Apresurar, inf.pre. v.a. to accelerate, to hasten; v.n, to go too 

fast, to be in a hurry. 



VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 201 

Aprovecha, ind.pre.Spn.sin. it, he, or she improves. From Apro- 

vechar, to take advantage. 
Aprovechar, inf. pre. v.n. to advance, to progress, to improve. 
Aprovechar, inf. pre. v.r. to take advantage, to avail one's self. 
Apurando, ger. purifying, finding out. From Apurar, v.a. to tease. 
Arrebatar, inf. pre. v.a. to snatch, to wrest, to carry off, to be led 

away. 
Arrebato, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she snatched. From Arrebatar, 

v.a. to carry off. 
Arrodilla, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she kneels down. From Ar- 

rodillar, v.r. to kneel. 
Arrodillar, inf. pre. v.r. to kneel down, to bend one's knee before. 
Arro J3.Yon,ind.p°et.3 pn.pl. they threw. From Arrojar,\. a. to throw. 
Articula, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she articulates. From Articu- 
lar, v.a. to utter. 
Articular, inf. pre. v.a. to articulate, to utter, to speak, to pro- 
nounce. 
Asegava, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she assures. From Asegurar, 

v.a. to assure* 
Asegurar, inf.pre. v.a. to assure, to insure, to bail, to warrant, to 

guarantee. 
Aseguro, indpret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she secured. From Asegurar, 

v.a. to assure. 
Asomaban, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they appeared. From Asomar, v.n. to 

peep. 
Atendiendo, ger. considering, attending. From Atender, v.a. to be 

attentive. 
Atizando, ger. kindling, stirring. From Atizar, v.a. to stir up. 
Atormenta, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she torments. From Ator- 

mentar, v.a. to torment. 
Atormentar, inf.pre. v.a. to torment, to tease, to vex, to torture, 

to give pain. 
Atravesaba, ind.impfl or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or^She crossed. From 

Atravesar, v.a. to run through. 
Atravesar, inf.pre. v.a. to cross, to run through, to lay a beam 

or timber across a place. 
Atrevere, ind.jutr. 1 pn.sin. I shall, or will dare. From Atrever, v.r. 

to be so bold as. 
AtreYieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they durst. From Atrever, v.r. to dare. 
18* 



202 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Atribuye, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she attributes. From Atribuir, 

v.a. to attribute. 
Atribuir,m/.p-e. v.a. to attribute, to ascribe, to impute, to arrogate. 
Atronaba,£?u/.im;)/: 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she makes a great noise. 

From Atronar, v.a. to make a noise. 
Aumentaba, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she augmented. 

From Aumentar, v.a. to increase. 
Aumentando, ger. augmenting, increasing. From Aumentar, v.a. 

to enlarge. 
Avergonzar, inf.pre. v.a. to abash, to make ashamed, to put to 

the blush. 
Avergonzo, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she put to the blush. From 

Avergonzar, v.a. to abash. 
Averigua, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she ascertains. From Averi- 

guar, v.a. to investigate. 
Averiguar, inf. pre. v.a. to ascertain, to investigate, to find out. 
Avivemos, subj.pre.lpn.pl. let us enliven, or we may enliven. 

From Avivar, v.a. to quicken. 
Ayudando, ger. aiding, helping, assisting. From Ayudar, v.a. to 

assist. 
Ayudaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they helped. From Ayudar, v.a. to aid. 

B. 

Barruntando, ger. conjecturing, foreseeing. From Barruntar,r.A. 

to conjecture. 
Beatiffca, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she beatifies. From Beatificar, 

v.a. to declare the blessed state of a person. 
Beatificar, inf.pre. v.a. to beatify, to render a thing respectable. 
Bendiciendo, ger. blessing. From Bendecir, v.a. to bless. 
Bendicieron, ind.pret.Spn.pl. they blessed. From Bendecir, v.a. to 

bless. 
Bendigesen, subj.Simpf.Spn.pl. they should bless. From Bendecir, 

v.a. to bless. 

C.CH. 

Castigase, subj.S impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should punish. 

From Castigar, v.a. to chastise. 
Gastigasen, subj.Simpf.Spn.pl. they should punish. From Castigar ■, 

v.a. to punish. 



VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 203 

Comenzaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they began. From Comenzar, v.a. to 

commence. 
Compadecen, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they pity. From Compadecer, v.r. to 

commiserate. 
Compadecer, inf.vre. v.r. to pity, to commiserate, to fee] for. 
Compitieron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they vied. From Competir, v.n. to 

concur in. 
Competira, ind.futr.3pn.sin. it, he, or she will rival. From Com- 

petir, v.n. to stand in competition. 
Comprehenda, subj.pre.l or 3pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may compre- 
hend. From Comprehender, v.a. to comprehend. 
Comprehende, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she comprehends. From 

Comprehender, v.a. to understand. 
Comprehender, inf.pre. v.a. to comprehend, to understand, to 

apprehend. 
Comunica, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she communicates. From 

Comunicar, v.a. to communicate. 
Comunicar, inf.pre. v.a. to inform, to communicate, to consult, 

to correspond. 
Concjliando, ger. conciliating, composing. From Conciliar, v.a. to 

conciliate. 
Concitaron ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she excited. From Concitar, 

v.a. to make. 
Concurrieron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they attended. From Concurrir^.yt. 

to concur. 
Condenaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they condemned. From Condenar t 

v.a. to pronounce judgment. 
Condescendia, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she condescended. 

From Condescender, v.a. to submit. 
Conocera, ind.futr. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will know. From Cono- 

cer, v.a. to be acquainted with. 
Conocieron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they knew. From Conocer, v.a. to 

know. 
Conociendo, ger. knowing, being acquainted with. From Conocer, 

v.a. to know. 
Conquistaban, md.impf.3pn.pl. they conquered. From Conquistar, 

v.a. to conquer. 
Considera, ind pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she considers. From Consi- 

derar, v.a. to consider. \ 



204 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Considerar, inf.pre. v.a. to consider, to reflect, to think. 
Consolaba, ind.itrtpf.1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she comforted. From 

Consolar, v.a. to console. 
Consolaban, ind.impf.Spn.pl. they consoled. From Consolar, v.a. 

to comfort. 
Oonspira.ndo.ger. conspiring, plotting, soliciting. From Ccnspirar, 

v.a. to implore. 
Contemplaba, ind.impf.l ovSpn.sin. I, it, he, or she contemplated. 

From Contemplar, v.a. to contemplate. 
Contiouar, infpre. v.n. to continue, to last, to endure; v.n. to 

continue. 
Contradecir, inf.pre. v.a. to contradict, to oppose, to repugn. 
Contradice, ind.pre.Spn.sin, it, he, or she contradicts. From Con- 

tradtcir, v.a. to contradict. 
Contragese,. subj.S impfl or Spn.sin. T, it, he, or she should con- 
tract. From Contra°r, v.a. to contract. 
Contribute, intLimpf. 1 or 3 pn sin. I, it, he, or she contributed. 

From Cont ibuir, v.a. to contribute. 
Contribiar, inf.pre. v.a. to contribute, pay one's share, to bear a 

part. 

ConvidaodjO,g-er. inviting, alluring. From Contractor, v.A.to persuade. 
Convocando, ger. convoking, assembling. From Convocar, v.a. to 

convene. 
Coronaba, ind.impf I or 3 pn.sin,. I, it, he, or she crowned. From 

Coronar, v.a. to crown. 
Coronaban, ind.impJ.Spn.pl. they crowned. From Coronar, v.a to 

crown. 
Coronando, ger. crowning. From Coronar, v.a to crown. 
Corresponde, ind.pre.Spn.sin. it, he, or she corresponds. From 

Currespcnder, v.a. to correspond. 
Corriendo, ger. running. From Correr, v.n. to run. 
Crecieron, ind.pret.Spn.pl. they grew. From Crecer, v.n. to in- 
crease. 
Cuidaremos, ind.futr.lpn.pl. we shall, or will take care. From 

Cuidar, v.a. to take care. 

D. 

Debilitar, inf.pre. v.a. to debilitate, to weaken, to enfeeble, to 
extenuate, to enervate. 






VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 205 

Declinando, ger. declining, sinking, shunning. From Declinar,\.\. 
to decline. 

Decbraban, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they decorated. From Decorar, v.a. 
to ornament. 

Defendieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they defended. From Defender, v.a. 
to defend. 

Defendiesen, subj.3impf.3pn.pl. they should defend. From De- 
fender, v.a. to defend. 

Degeneran, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they degenerate. From Degenerar, v.n. 
to become. 

Degenerar, inf. pre. v.n. to become, to degenerate into, to grow 
base. 

Degenere, subj.futr.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may degenerate. 
From Degenerar, v.n. to grow base. 

Depositar, inf. pre. v.a. to deposite, to confide, to entrust, to confer 

Derramando, ger. spilling, shedding. From Derramar, v.a. to shed. 

Derramara, subj.limpf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would shed. 
From Derramar, v.a. to scatter. 

Derribaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they demolished. From Derribar, v.a. 
to demolish. 

Desagradar, inf. pre. v.a. to displease, to cause discontent. 

Descaecer, inf. pre. v.n. to decline, to droop, to decay. 

Descaeciesen, subj.3impf.3pn.pl. they should decline. From Des- 
caecer, v.n. to droop. 

Descalzando, ger. pulling off, removing. From Descalzar, v.a. to 
remove. 

Descansaba, ind.impf .3 pn.sin. it, he, or she reposed. From Des~ 
cansdr, v.n. to rest. 

Desconocer, inf.pre. v.a. not to know, to disown, to be unac- 
quainted. 

Desconoces, ind.pre.2 pn.sin. thou dost know. From Desconocer, 
v.a. to disavow. 

Descubriendo, ger. disclosing. From Descubrir, v.a. to disclose. 

Descubrieron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they disclosed. From Descubrir, v.a. 
to discover. 

Descubriese, subj.3impfl or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should dis- 
cover. From Descubrir, v.a to disclose. 

Desembarcar, inf.pre. v.a. to unload, to unship, to disembark, to 
land. 



206 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Desempenar, inf.pre. v.a. to redeem, to exonerate, to extricate 

one's self, to prove, to be clear from. 
Desenredar, inf.pre. v.a. to disentangle, to clear up, to put in order. 
Desenterrar, inf.pre. v.a. to unbury, to dig up, to disinter. 
Desesperes, subj.pre.2pn.sin. thou rnayest despair. From Deses- 

perar, v.r. to despair. 
Desestimar, inf.pre. v.a. to undervalue, to disregard, not to esteem. 
Desestimo, ind.pre. I pn.sin. I disregard. From Desestimar, v.a. to 

depreciate. 
Deshiciese, subj.Simpf. 1 or Spn.sin. I, it, he, or she should, or 

might undo. From Deshacer, v.a. to undo. 
Desistiese, subj.Simpf A or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should desist. 

From Desistir, v.a. to abandon. 
Desmayaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she fell in a swoon. 

From Desmayar, v.a. to discourage. 
Despedazar, inf.pre. v.a. to tear, to cut to pieces, to rend, to la- 
cerate. 
Despertasteis, ind.pret.2 pn.pl. you, or ye awoke. From Despertar y 

v.a. to rise. 
Despojando, ger. stripping, undressing. From Despojar, v.a. to 

undress. 
Destruyendo, ger. destroying, laying waste. From Destruir, v.a. 

to destroy. 
Detenemos, svbj pre.\ pn.pl. let us stop, or we would stop. From 

Betener) v.a. or v.r. to detain. 
Determine, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she determines. From De- 

terminar. x a. to determine. 
Determine, svbj.pre.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may determine. 

From Detenninar, v.a. to determine. 
Determino, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she determined. From De- 

terminar, v.a- to determine. 
Detuviesen, subj.Simpf.Spn.pl. they should stop. From Detener. 

v.a. to stop. 
Devoraba, ind.impf.l or Spn.sin. I, it, he, or she devoured. From 

Devorar, v.a. to consume, to swallow up. 
DirigiPndo, ger. directing, ruling. From Dirigir, v.a. to govern. 
D'lrigimos.ind.pret.l pn.pl. we directed. From Dirigir, v. a., to direct. 
Discurriendo, ger. thinking, imagining. From Discurrir, v.a. te 

speak. 



VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 207 

Disimular, inf.pre. v.a. or v.n to dissemble, to conceal the real 

sentiments, to hide, to misrepresent. 
Disminuyo, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she diminished. From Dis- 

minuir, v.a. to diminish. 
Dispensando, ger. distributing, dealing out. From Dispensar, v.a. 

to dispense. 
Disponiendo, ger. disposing, arranging. From Disponer, v.a. to 

order. 
Distinguian, ind.impf.Spn.pl. they distinguished. From DistingvAr, 

v.a. to discern. 
DistnbuTmos, ind.pret.S pn.pl. they distributed. From Distribuir, 

v.a. to deal out. 
Dominaron, ind.pret.S pn.pl. they ruled. From Dominar, v.a. to do 

mineer. 
Dulcificar, inf.pre. v.a. to sweeten, to assuage, to soften. 

E. 

Ecsaminan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they examine. From Ecsaminar, v.a. t© 

examine. 
Ecsaminar, inf.pre. v.a. to examine, to investigate, to. inquire into. 
Ecsaminas, ind.pre.2pn.sin. thou examinest. From Ecsaminar, v.a. 

to investigate. 
Ecsonerar, inf.pre. v.a. to exonerate, to unload, to disburden, to 

pay. 
Edifican, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they edify. From Edijicar, v.a.. to build. 
Edificar, inf.pre. v.a. to edify, to instruct, to build, to construct. 
Edifico, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she edified. From Edijicar, v.a. 

to instruct. 
Efectuan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they effect. From Efectuar, v.a. to ac- 
complish. 
Efectuar. inf.pre. v.a. to effect, to accomplish, to carry through. 
Egecutan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they execute. From Egecutar, v.a. to 

carry into effect. 
Egecutar, inf.pre. v.a. to execute, to perform, to accomplish, to 

carry into effect. 
Egcrcieron, ind.preUS pn.pl. they exercised. From Egercitar,^r.&. 

to practise. 
Egercitar, inf.pre. v.a. to exercise, to practise, to devote one's self. 



208 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Egercilo, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she exercised. From Egercitar, 
v.a. to practise. 

Ek-vando, ger. elevating, raising. From Elevar, v.a. to elevate. 

Elevasen, subj.Simvj.3pn.pl. they should elevate. From Elevar, 
v.a. to raise. 

Emharaza, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she embarrasses. From Em~ 
barazar, v.a. to perplex. 

Embeleza, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she charms. From Embelezar, 
v.a. to bewitch. 

Embelezar, in/.pre. v.a. to charm, to bewitch, to astonish. 

Embrazando, ger. embracing, clasping. From Embrazar, v.a. to 
contain. 

Embrutece, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she makes stupid. From Em- 
brutecer, v.a. to become brutal. 

Empobrecer, inf. pre. v.a. to impoverish; v.n. to become indi- 
gent, or poor. 

Emulindo, ger> emulating, vying, contending. From Emular, v.n. 
to rival. 

Enamora, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she charms. From Enamorar, 
v.a. to inspire love. 

Enamorar, in/pre. v.a. to charm, to inspire love, to court, to woo. 

Encaminar, inf. pre. v.a. to guide, to dired, to forward, to manage. 

Encamines, sub j. pre. 2 pn. sin. thou mayest direct. From Encami- 
nar, v.a. to guide. 

Encarcelar, inf. pre. v.a. to incarcerate, to put in jail, to imprison. 

Encarecer, inf.pre. v.a. t to extol, to praise, to exaggerate, to en- 
hance. 

Encendiese, $ub;.3impf.\ or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should kindle, 
From Encender, v.a. to kindle. 

Encerraba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she locked up. From 
Encerrar, v.a. to contain. 

Enciende, ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she lights up. From Encender, 
v.a. to kindle. 

Encoutrir on, ind. pret.3pn.pl. they met. From Encontrar ,v.A.to find. 

EnduJcecer, inf.pre. v.a. to sweeten, to assuage, to soften. 

Enflaquecen, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they weaken. From Enflaquecer, v.a. 
to enervate. 

Enflaquecer, inf.pre. v.a. to enervate, to enfeeble, to weaken, to 
diminish. 



VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES, 209 

Engendrenios, subj.pre.l pn.pl. we may engender, or let us en- 
gender. From Engendrar, v.a. to produce. 
Enseiiaba, ind.hnpf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she taught. From En- 

sertar, v.a. to instruct. 
Enseiiando, ger. teaching, instructing. From Ensehar, v.a. to in- 
struct. 
Enseiiasen, subj.3impf.3pn.pl. they should teach. From Ensenar, 

v.a. to teach. 
Ensordece, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she deafens. From^Ensorde- 

cer, v.n. to become deaf. 
Ensordecer. inf.pre. v.a. to deafen, to make deaf; v.n. to become 

deaf, to become silent. 
Enternecen, ind.pre.opn.pl. they move to compassion. From En- 

temecer, v.a. to move to compassion. 
Enternecer, inf.pre. v.a. to move to compassion, to excite pity, to 

soften. 
Enternecio, ind.pret.3pn.sin. it, he, or she moved to compassion. 

From Enternecer, v.a. to soften. 
Entreteger, inf.pre. v.a. to intermix, to interweave, to tissue, to 

variegate, to insert. 
Entretener, inf.pre. v.a. to entertain, to put off, to amuse, to allay 

pain, to joke. 
Entristecer, inf.pre. v.a. to make sad, to excite gloomy feelings; 

v.r. to become melancholy. 
Envegt-ce, ind.p-e.3pi.sin. it, he, or she grows old. From Envege- 

cer, v.n. to grow old. 
Envegecer, inf.pre. v.a. to make old; v.n. to grow old; v.r. to be 

of an old date. 
Escapara, subj.limpf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would escape. 

From Escapar, v.a. to escape. 
Escaparon, ind.pret .3 pn.pl. they escaped. From Escapar, v.a. to 

escape. 
Esceptuando, ger excepting. From Esceptuar, v.a. to except. 
Escribiese, subj.3impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should write. 

From Escribir, v.a to write. 
Escuchaba, ind.hnpf.l or 3 pi.sin. I, it, he, or she listened to. From 

Escuchar, v.a. to hearken. 
Escuchando, ger. listening. From Escachar, v.a. to hearken. 
19 



210 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Escurece, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she darkens. From Escurecer, 

v.a. to deprive of light. 
Escurecer, .iM/.pre. v.a. to darken, to obscure, to denigrate; v.n. 

to grow dark. 
Escusando, ger. excusing, exempting, avoiding. From Escusar,v.&. 

to excuse. 
Esforzando, ger. endeavouring, corroborating. From Esforzar, v.a. 

to strengthen. 
Eshalaba, ind.impf A or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she exhaled. From 

Eshalar, v.a. to evaporate. 
Esperaba, ind.impf. 1 or S pn.sin. I, it, he, or she hoped. From Es- 

perar, v.a. to wait for. 
Espirara, subj.l imp/A or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would expire. 

From Espirar, v.n. to breathe the last. 
Esplicando, ger. explaining. From Esplicar, v.a. to explain, to 

elucidate. 
Establecer, inf. pre. v.a. to settle, to establish, to found, to render 

a thing permanent. 
Estableci, ind.prcl. 3 pn.sin. I established. From Establecer, v.a. to 

establish. 
Estendinios, ind.pret . 1 pn.pl. we extended. From Estender, v.a. to 

extend. 
Estrechando, ger. narrowing, confining. From Estrechar, v.a. to 

tighten. 
Eslrechasen, subj.3 impf.S pn.pl. they should tighten. From Estre- 
char, v.a. to make tighter. 
Estremecer, ivf.pre. v.a. to shake, to make tremble, to be amazed, 

to shudder. 
Estuvieron, ind.pret. 3 pn.pl. they were. From Estar, v.n. to be. 

F. 

Facilitar, inf. pre. v.a. to facilitate, to render easier, to free from 

difficulties. 
Favorecer, inf.pre. v.a. to favour, to protect, to grant favours. 
Figuraban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they figured. From Figurar, v.n. to 

imagine. 

G. 

Galardonar, inf.pre. v.a. to reward greatly, to recompense abun- 
dantly, to distinguish by making presents, to confer. 






VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 211 

H. 

Hallabamos, ind.impfA pn.pl. we found. From Hallar, v.a. to meet. 
Hallaremos, ind.futrApn.pl. we shall, or will find. From Hallar, 

v.a. to find. 
Humedecen, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they moisten. From Humedecer,v.A. 

to moisten. 
Humedecer, inf.pre. v.a. to moisten, to wet, to soak. 

I. 

Ignoraban,mcUm/)/.l or 3 pn.pl. they were ignorant of. From lg- 

norar, v.a. not to know- 
Ilumina, ind.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin I, it, he, or she illumines. From 

Iluminar, v.a. to enlighten. 
Iluminar, inf.pre. v.a. to illumine, to enlighten, to supply with 

light, to illuminate, to colour. 
Imaginais, ind.pre.2 pn.pl. ye, or you imagine. From Imaginar, v=a. 

to think. 
Imaglnan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they imagine. From Imaginar, v.a. to 

think. 
Imaginar, inf.pre. v.a. to imagine, to think, to fancy, to apprehend. 
Impidiesen, subj.3impf.3 pn.pl. they should impede. From Impedir, 

v.a. to impede. 
Importunar, inf.pre. v.a. to vex, to harass, to weary, to molest, 

to importune, 
lmportuno, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she wearied. From Impor- 
tunar, v.a. to importune. 
Impropera, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she abuses. From Improperar } 

v.a. to upbraid. 
Improperar, inf.pre. v.a, to upbraid (with disgraceful epithets,) to 

abuse (with very improper language.) 
Incendiaron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they set on fire. From Incendiar, v.a. 

to set on fire. 
Inclinaban, ind.impf.3 pn.pl. they were in&ined. From Inclinar. 

v.a. to incline. 
Incorporar, inf.pre. v.a. to incorporate, to unite in one mass; v.r. 

to be embodied, to be united. 
Jnformaba, ind.impfA or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she informed. From 

Informar, v.r. to improve one's self. 



212 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Inspiraron, ind.pret.Spn.pl. they inspired. From Inspirar, v.a. te 

infuse into. 
Intercepts, inf.pre. v.a. to intercept, to cut off, to stop and seize. 
Interesa, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she is interesting- From In- 

teresar, v.n. to be important. 
Interesar, inf.pre. v.n. to be important, to be interesting, to be 

concerned. 
Interrumpir, inf.pre. v.a. to interrupt, to hinder, to intrude on. 
Interrumpo, ind.preA pn.sin. I interrupt. From Interrumpir, v.a. 

to intrude on. 
Jntroducir, inf.pre. v.a. to introduce, to present, to bring into 

notice. 
Inventaron, ind.pret.5pn pi. they invented. From Inventar, v.a. to 

discover. 
Investiga, ind. pre. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she investigates. From Lives- 

tigar, v.a. to inquire into. 
Investigar,Mi/.p-e. v.a. to investigate, to search out, to inquire into. 
Invocando, ger. invoking, imploring. From Invocar, v.a. to call 

upon. 

L. 

Lamentaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she lameuted. From 

Lamenlur, v.a. or v.n. to express sorrow. 
Lamentaron, ind.pret.S pn.pl. they lamented. From Lamentar, v.a. 

to lament. 
Levantaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she rose. From Le- 

vantar, v.a. to rise. 
Levantando, ger. rising. From Levantar, v.a. to lift up. 
Levantara, subj.limpf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would raise. 

From Levantar, v.a. to raise. 
Levantaron, indpret.Spn.pl. they rose. From Levantar, v.a. to 

elevate. 

• M. 

Madurasen, subj.S impf.3pn.pl. they should get ripe. From Madu- 

rar, v.a. tQ make ripe. 
Manifestar, inf.pre. v.a. to manifest, to discover, to declare. 
Manifesto, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she manifested, From ^/anf* 

festar, v.a. to manifest. 



VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 213 

ivlanlfiesta, ind.pre.3jin.3in. it, he, or she manifests. From Mani- 

festar, v.A. to show. 
Mantuviera, subj.l impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would main* 

tain. From Mantener, v.a. to support. 
Maravillan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they astonish. From Maravillar, v.n. to 

be struck with admiration. 
Maravillar ,inf.pre. v.n. to wonder, to be astonished; v. a. to admire* 
Menoscaban, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they destroy. From Menoscabar, v.A. 

to impair. 
Menoscabar, inf. pre. v.a. to destroy, to impair, to make worse, to 

deteriorate. 
Menosprecian, ind.pre. 3 pnpl. they despise. From Menospreciar, 

v.a. to contemn. 
Menospreciar, inf. pre. v.a. to despise, to deprecate, to contemn. 
Mitigaba, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn. sin. I, it, he, or she mitigated. From 

Mitigar, v.a. to soften, to assuage. 
Mitigando,g-er. mitigating, assuaging. From Mitigar, v. a. to mollify. 
Motejando,g-er.censuring, ridiculing. From Mote jar, v. a. to censure. 
Motejaron, ind.pret.S pn.pl. they censured From Motejar, v.a. to 

ridicule. 

'N. 

Necesitais, ind.pre.2 pn.pl. you want, From Necesitar, v.n. to be 

in want of. 
Necesitan, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they want. From Necesitar, v.a. to be 

in want of. 
Necesitar, inf. pre. v.n. to want, to be in want of, to need; v.a. 

to oblige, to constrain. 
Necesito, ind.pre. 1 pn.sin. I want. From JSTecesitar, v.n. to need. 
Negociaba, ind.impf. I or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she traded. From 

Negociar, v.a. to negociate. 
Negociaban, ind.impj .3 pn.pl. they traded. From Negociar, v.a. to 

have commerce. 
Negociaron, ind.pi et.S pn.pl. they traded. From Negociar, v.a. to 

carry, on trade. 
Negociasen, subj.Simpf.3pn.pl. they should have commerce. From 

Negociar, v.a. to trade, 
19* 



214 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES, 

0. 

Obedcceis, ind.pre.2 pn.pl. ye, or you obey. From Obedecer, v.a. 

to obey. 
Qbed£cen,ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they obey. From Obcdtcer,v.\. to yield to. 
Obedecer, inf. pre. v.a. to obey, to submit to, to yield to, to pay 

submission. 
Obscurecer, ivf.pre. v.a. to obscure, to darken, to denigrate; v. imp. 

to grow dark. 
Observando, ger. observing, remarking. From, Observar, v.a. to 

observe. 
Ocasionaba, ind.imp/J or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she occasioned. 

From Ocusionar, v.a. to cause. 
Oca?ionar, inf.prc. v.a. to cause, to occasion, to excite, to endan- 
ger, to hazard. 
Ocupaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they occupied. From Oc'upar, v.a. to 

occupy. 
Ofreciendo, ger. offering, tendering. From Ofrecer, v.a. to manifest. 
Qlvidaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she forgot. From Olvi- 

dar, v.a. to forget. 
Olvidando, ger. forgetting, neglecting. From Olvidar, v.a. to omit. 

P. 

Padeciendo, ger. suffering. From Padecer, v.a. to suffer (any thing.) 
Participan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they participate. From Participar, v.a. 

to inform. 
Participo, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I participate. From Participar, v.a. to 

inform. 
Penetrando, ger. penetrating. From Penetrar, v.a. to be convinced. 
Perci'oimos, ind.pretA pn.pl. we perceived. From Percibir, v.a. to 

perceive. 
Perdonando, ger. pardoning, excusing. From Perdonar, v.a. to. 

forgive. 
Perfeccionar,in/.pre. v.a. to perfect, to complete, to finish entirely. 
Permitieron, ind.pret:3 pn.pl. they permitted. From Permitir, v.a. 

to consent. 
Permutaban, ind.inipf:3 pn.pl. they changed. From Permutar, v.a. 

to barter. 



VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 215 

Pertenece, in d. pre. 3 pn. sin. it, he, or she belongs. From Pertenecer t 

v.n. to belong. 
Pertenecen, ind.pre.3 pn.pl. they belong. From Pertenecer, v.n. to 

belong. 
Pertenecer, inf. pre. v.n. to belong, to appertain, to behoove, to 

become. 
Pertenezca, subj.pre. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may pertain. 

From Pertenecer, v.n to belong. 
Precederan, ind.futr.3pn.pl. they will, or shall precede. From 

Preceder, v. a. to go before. 
Precipitar, inf.pre. v.a. to precipitate, to throw headlong, to act 

in a rash manner.- 
Preguntaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they asked. From Preguntar, v.a. to 

inquire. 
Preguntando, ger; asking. From Preguntar, v.a. to ask. 
Presentaba, ind.'impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she presented. From 

Presentar, v.a. to present. 
Presentaban, indAmpf.3pn.pl. they presented. From Presentar, 

v.a. to favour with a gift. 
Pretestandoj ger. alleging. From Pretestar, v.a. to make use of a 

pretext. 
Previniendo, ger. cautioning, arranging, preventing, considering, 

ordering. From Prevenir, v.a. to participate. 
Principiaba, ind.impfl3 pn.sin. it, he, or she began. From Princi- 

piar, v.a to begin. 
Procuraban, ind.impf.Spn.pl. they endeavoured. From Procurar, 

v.a. to solicit. 
Procuratnos, ind.pre.l pn.pl. we endeavour. From Procurar, v.a. 

to strive. 
Procurando, ger. endeavouring. From Procurar, v.a. to endeavour. 
Procuremos, subj. pre. 1 pn.pl. we may, or let us endeavour. From 

Procurar, v.a. to solicit. 
Profesamos, ind.pre.lpn.pl. we profess. From Profesar, v.a. to 

declare openly. 
Profetiza, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she predicts. From Profctizar, 

v.a. to foretell. - 
Profctizar, Inf.pre. v,a. to prophesy, to predict, to. conjecture. 
Pronuncian, ind. pre. 3 pn.pl. they pronounce. From Pronunciar, 

v.a. to pronounce. 



216 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Proporcionar, inf.pre. v.a. to proportion, to adjust, to form sym- 
metrically, to adapt. 

Proporcionen, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may proportion. From Pro- 
porcionar, to adapt. 

Prosiguiendo, ger. continuing, following. From Proseguir, v.a. to 
follow. 

Publicando, ger. publishing, proclaiming, manifesting. From Pu- 
blicar, v.a. to disclose. 

Pudierauios, subj.l imp/. I pn.pl. we might. From Poder, v.a. to be 
able. 

R. 

Rebosando, ger. glowing, overflowing. From Rebosar, v.a. to 
abound. 

Recompensar, inf.pre. v.a. to recompense, to reward. 

Reconoce, ind.pre.Spn.sin. it, he, or she acknowledges. From Re- 
conocer, v.a. to ackno.vledge. 

Reconoceis, ind.pre.2pn.pl. ye, or you acknowledge. From Recuno- 
cer, v.a. to reconnoitre. 

Recondcen, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they acknowledge. From Reconocer, 
v.a. to contemplate. 

Reconocer, inf.pre. v.a. to recognize, to acknowledge, to contem- 
plate, to conceive, to reconnoitre. 

Reconoces, ind.pre.2pn.sin. thou acknowledgest. From Reconocer, 
v.a. to conceive. 

Reconoci, inu.pret. 1 pn.sin. I acknowledged. From Reconocer, v.a. 
to conceive. 

Reconocian, ind.hnpf.3pn.pl. they acknowledged From Reconocer, 
v.a. to conceive. 

Reconociendo, ger. acknowledging. From Reconocer, v.a. to re- 
connoitre. 

Roconocio ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she acknowledged. From 
Reconocer, v.a. to recognize. 

Refinendo, ger. referring relating, narrating. From Referir, v.a. 
to mark out. 

Refleceionar, inf.pre. v.a. to reflect, to think, to meditate, to 
consider. 

Refugiaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they took refuge. From Refugiar, v.a. 
to shelter. 



VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 217 

Regocijan, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they rejoice. From Regocijar, v.a. to 

rejoice. 
Rehusare, ind.futr.l pn.sin. I shall refuse. From Rehusar, v.a. to 

refuse. 
Relampaguean, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they flash. From Relampaguear, 

v.n. to enlighten. 
Relampaguear, inf. pre. v.n. to flash, to lighten, to sparkle; v.imp. 

to lighten. 
Remozarian,swfej.2 impf.Spn.pl. they would become younger. From 

Remozar, v.n. to render younger. 
Remozaron, ind.pret.S pn.pl. they rendered younger. From Remo* 

zar, v.n. to become younger. 
Reposamos, ind. pre .1 pn.pl. we repose. From Reposar, v.n. to rest. 
Reposamos, ind.pret lpn.pl. we reposed. From Reposar, v.n., to rest. 
Reposaria, subj.2impfA or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would repose. 

From Reposar, v.n. to rest, 
Reprehende, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she reprehends. From 

Reprehender, v.a. to reprimand. 
Reprehenden, ind.pre.Spn.pl. they reprehend. From Reprehender, 

v.a. to reprimand. 
Reprehender, inf.pre. v.a. to reprimand, to reproach, to upbraid, 

to censure. 
Representa, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she represents. From Re- 

presentar, v.a. to make appear. 
Representar, inf.pre. v.a. to represent, to manifest, to set forth, 

to play (on the stage.) 
Representaba, ind.impf.l orSpn.sin. I, it, he, or she rapresented. 

From Representar, v.a. to manifest. 
Represents, ind.pret.S pn.sin. it, he, or she represented. From 

Representar, v.a. to manifest. 
Represento, ind.pre.l pn.sin. I represent. From Representar, v.a. 

to represent. 
Resonaba, ind.impf.l orSpn.sin. I, it, he, or she resounded. From 

Resonar, v.n. to re-echo. 
Respiraba, ind.impf.l orSpn.sin. I, it, he, or she breathed. From 

Respirar, v.n. to rest. 
Resplandecen, ind.pre.S pn.pl. they shine. From Resplandecer, v.n. 

to glitter. 



218 VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

Resplandecer, inf. pre. v.n. to shine, to glitter, to glisten, to gleam, 

to be brilliant. 
Responderan, md.futr.Spn.pl they will answer. From Responder, 

v.a. to answer. 
Respondieron, ind.p-et.3pn.pl. they answered. From Responder, 

v.a. to answer. 
Respondfsteis, hxd.pret.1pn.pl. ye, or you answered. From Res- 
ponder, v.a. to reply. 
Resulfara, ind.futr.5pn.sin. it will follow. From Resultar, v.n. to 

result, to be the consequence. 
Retiraba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn. sin. I, it, he, or she retired. From Re~ 

tirar, v a. to withdraw. 
Retorcu'ndo, ger. twisting, turning. From Torcer, v.a. to retort. 
Reverenciar, infpre. v.a. to venerate, to reverence, to respect. 
Revprencie, ind.pret.l pn.sin. I reverenced. From Reverenciar, v.a. 

to venerate. 

s. 

Salvaremos, ind.fntr.lpn.pl. we shall, or will be saved. From 

Salvar, v.a. to save; or v.r. to be saved. 
Saludaba, ind.impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she saluted. From 

Saludar, v.a. to salute. 
Satisface, ind.pre.S pn.sin. it, he, or she satisfies. From Satisfacer, 
- v.a. to satisfy. 
Satisfacer, infpre. v.a. to satisfy, to pay what is due, to expiate, 

to allay the passions, to free from doubt. 
Sztisfsigan, subj.pre.3pn.pl. they may satisfy. From Satisfacer, v. a. 

to pay fully. 
Satisfizo, ind.pret. 3 pn.sin. it, he, or she satisfied. From Satisfacer, 

v.a. to satisfy. 
Senalaron, ind.pret.S pn.pl. they appointed. From Senalar, v.a. to 

mark out. 
Seiialase, subj.S imp/A or Spn.sin. I, it, he, or she should point out. 

From Sehalar, v.a. to appoint. 
Senoreaba, ind.impf.l or Spn.sin. I, it, he, or she governed. From 

Senorear, v.a. to command. 
Senoreando, ger. commanding, ruling. From Senorear, v.a. to 

overlook. 






VERBS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 219 

Separaba, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she separated. From Sepa* 

rar, v.a. to separate. 
Siguifica, ind.pre.3pn.sin. it, he, or she signifies. From Significar, 

v.a. to signify. 
Significar, inf. pre. v.a. to signify, to declare, to be worth, to mean. 
Sobrepujar, inf.pre. v.a. to excel, to exceed, to surpass. 
Sobresaitar, inf.pre. v.a. to surprise, to frighten; v.n. to be star- 
tled at, to be astonished. 
Sobrevenir, inf.pre. v.n. to happen, to fall out, to come to pass. 
Sobreviene, ind.pre. 3 pn.sin. it happens. From Sobrevenir, v.n. to 

supervene. 
Solicita, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she solicits. From Solicitar, v.a. 

to solicit. 
Solicitar, inf.pre. v.a. to desire, to solicit, to importune, to entreat, 

to urge. 
Sorprehende, ind.pre.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she surprises. From Sor- 

prehender, v.a. to surprise. 
Sorprehender, inf.pre. v.a. to surprise, to deceive, to execute 

any thing silently. 
Sucedieron, ind.pret 3pn.pl. they succeeded, or came after. From 

Suceder, v.a. to follow, to happen. 
Sucediese, subj.3impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should happen. 

From Suceder, v.a. to inherit. 
Sugerieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they suggested. From Sugerir, v.a. to 

suggest. 
Sugetamos, ind.pre.lpn.pl. we subject. From Sugetar, v.a. to 

conquer. 
Sumergiendo, ger. plunging into. From Sumergir, v.a. to sink, to 

embarrass. 
Sustentaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she maintained. 

From Sustentar, v.a. to support. 

T. 

Trabajamos, ind.pre. lpn.pl. they labour. From Trabajar, v.a. to 
work. 

Trabajamos, ind.pret.l pn.pl. they laboured. From Trabajar, v.a. 
to work. 

Trabajando, ger. labouring, working. From Trabajar, v.a» to en- 
deavour. 



220 VERBS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 

Trabajaron, ind.pret.2pn.pl. they laboured. From Tr aba jar, v.a. 

to work. 
Traspasaron, ind.prtt.2pn.pl. they ran through. From Traspasar, 

v.a. to cross. 

V. 

Vaeilando, ger. not being resolved, staggering. From Vacilar, v.n. 

to be doubtful. 
Vengamnos, ind.futr.l pn.pl. we shall avenge. From Vengar, v.a. 

to lake revenge. 
Vengaremos, si.bj.futr. 1 pn.pl. we should avenge. From Vengar, 

v.a. to take revenge. 
Verifique, subj.p.e ! or '■ pn.sin. I, it, he, or she may verify. From 

Verijicar, v.a. to accomplish. 
Violentando, ger. forcing, violating. From Violentar, v.a. to violate. 
Viviremos, ind.fiitr.ljm.pl. we shall, or will live. From Vivir, v.n. 

to exist. 



LESSON X. 

VERBS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 



Abalanzando, ger. rushing against. From Jlbalanzar, v.a. to dart. 

Aborrezcamos, subj.preA pn.pl. we may hate, or let us hate. From 
Aborrecer, v. a. to abhor 

Acometieron, ind.pret.2 pn.pl. they attacked, From Geometer, v.a 
to assail. 

Acomodaba, ind.imp/A ov2pn.pl. I, it, he, or she accommodated. 
From Jlcomodar, v.a. to arrange; or v.n. to be suitable. 

Acometiesen, sub .3 impf. 1 or 3 pn.s hi. I, it, he, or she should at- 
tack. From Jlcometer, v.a. to assail. 



VERBS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 221 

Aconsejasen, subj.2 impf.Spn pi. they should advise. From Aconse- 

jar, v.a. to advise. 
Acordaremos, ind futr.lpn.pl. we shall agree. From Acordar, v.a. 

to concur in opinion. 
Adelantando, ger. advancing, bringing forward. From Adelantar, 

v.a. to improve, to meliorate. 
Advirtiendo, ger. observing, adverting, taking for granted. From 

Advertir, v.a. to take notice. 
Agradecemos, ind.pre.lpn.pl. we thank. From Agradecer, v.a. to 

be obliged. 
Ahogaremos, ind.futr. 1 pn.pl. we shall, or will drown. From Aho- 

gar, v.a. to suffocate. 
Alimentaba, ind.impf.l or $ pn.sin. I, it, he, or she fed. From Ali- 
mentary v.a. to nourish. 
Alimentaban, ind.impf. 5pn.pl. they fed. From Alimentar, v.a. to 

support, to nourish. 
Amaneciera, ind.l impf.S pn.sin. it might, or could grow light. 

From Amanecer, v.n. to be at break of day. 
Amaneciese, subj.S impf.S pn.sin. it should grow light. From Amd- 

necer, to be at break of day. 
Amen azaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she threatened. 

From Amenazar, v.a. to menace. 
Aparecieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. hey appeared. From Aparecer, v.N. 

to break out. 
Aprepuraba, ind.impf A or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she hastened. From 

Apresurar, v.a to accelerate. 
Apresuramos, ind.pret.l pn.pl. we hastened. From Apresurar, v.a. 

to accelerate. 
Aprovechemos, subj.pr«.l pn.pl. we may avail ourselves, or let us 

avail ourselves. From Aprovechar, v.a, to take advantage. 
Atemoriza, ind.pre,S pn.sin. it, he, or she terrifies. From Atemo- 

rizar, v.a. to strike with terror. 
Atemorizar, inf.pre. v.a. tc terrify, to frighten, to strike with 

terror. 
Atravesaba, ind.impf I or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she crossed. From 

Atwvesar, v.a. to run through. 
Atravesando, ger. crossing, running through. From Atravesar, v.a. 

to lay a beam athwart a place. 
20 



222 VERBS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 

Averiguaran, subj.Mmpf.3pn.pl. they would investigate. From 

Jlveriguar, v.a. to inquire into. 
Ayudaremos, ind.futr.l pn.pl. we shall, or will help. From Ayudar, 

v.a. to aid. 

c. 

Caractericemos, subjpre.lpn.pl. let us distinguish, or we may 
distinguish. From Caracterizar, v.a. to characterize. 

Caraeterizar, inf. pre. v.a. to distinguish, to characterize, to mark. 

Considerando, ger. considering, thinking. From Considqrar, v.a. 
to ponder. 

D. 

Degenerando, ger. degenerating, becoming. From Degenerar, v.n. 

to become. 
Degeneranan, subj.2hnpf.3pn.pl. they would degenerate into. 

From Degenerar, v.n. to become. 
Depositamos, ind.pret.l pn.pl. we deposited. From Depositar, v.a. 

to entrust. 
Desagradaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they displeased. From Desagradar, 

v.a. to excite discontent. 
Desaparecen, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they disappear. From Desaparecer, 

v.a. to disappear. 
Desaparecera, ind.futr.3pn.sin. it, he, or she will disappear. 

From Desaparecer, v.a. to disappear. 
Descubriendo, ger. discovering, finding out. From Descubrir, v.a. 

to discover. 
Desembarcando, ger. debarking. From Desembarcar, v.a. to debark. 
Desenganara, ind.futr.3pn.sin. it, he, or she will undeceive. 

From Desengahar, v.a. to undeceive. 
Despreciando, ger. despising. From Despreciar, v.a. to disdain. 
Despedazaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they tore. From Despedazar, v.a. 

to tear, to cut to pieces. 
Diferencian, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they differ. From Diferenciar, v.n. to 

be of a contrary opinion. 
Diferenciar, inf. pre. v.n. to differ, to disagree; v.a. to cause a 

difference. 
Disminuyendo, ger. diminishing. From Disminuir, to decrease, te 
diminish. 



VERBS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 22S 

E. 

Ecsonerase, subj.3 impf. 1 or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she should exoner- 
ate. From Ecsonerar, v.u. to exonerate. 

Egercitasen, subj.3 impf, I or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she would exer- 
cise From Egercitar, v.a. to practise. 

Encolerizar, inf. pre. v.a. to make a person angry; v.n. to become 
enraged. 

Encolerizo, ind.pret.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she enraged. From Encole- 
rizar, v.a. to make angry. 

Enflaquecieron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they enfeebled. From Enflaqueccr, 
v.a. to enervate. 

Ensenorean, ind.pre.3pn.pl. they command. From Ensehorear, v.a. 
to domineer. 

Ensenorear,w/./>re. v.a. to lord, to domineer, to command, to rule. 

Enternecera, ind.futr.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she will move to compas- 

t sion. From Enternecer, v.a. to soften. 

Entretegiendo, ger. interweaving, intermixing. From Entreteger, 
v.a. to variegate. 

Entreteniendo, ger. entertaining, amusing, delaying. From Enlre- 
tener, v.a. to procrastinate. 

Entristeciendo, ger. saddening, becoming gloomy. From Entris- 
tecer, v.a. to excite melancholy feelings. 

EspBraremos, ind.futr. 1 pn.pl. we shall, or will wait for. From Es- 
perar, v.a. to hope. 

Esperimentaba, ind.impf.l or 3 pn.sin. I, it, he, or she experienced. 
From Esperimentar, v.a, to know by practice. 

Esperimentamos, ind.pret.l pn.pl. we experienced. From Esperi- 
mentar, v.a. to learn by practice. 

Esperimentaron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they experienced. From Esperi- 
mentar, v.a. to acquire by experience. 

Establecieron, ind.pret.3 pn.pl. they established. From Establecer, 
v-a. to establish, to settle. 

Estremeceran, ind.futr.3pn.pl. they will shudder. From Estremecer. 
v.n. to tremble, to be terrified. 



Figurabamos, ind.impf.lpn.pl. we figured. From Figurar, v.r. 
to imagine. 



224 VERBS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 

G. 

Galardonando, ger. distinguishing, granting presents. From Go- 
lardonar, v.a. to recompense. 

I. 

Incorporaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they incorporated. From Incorporar, 

v.a. to unite. 
Interesamos, ind.pret.l pn pi. we interested. From lnteresar, v.n. 

to be interested, or concerned. 
Interrumpicndo, ger. interrupting, intruding. From Intemimpir, 

v.a. to intrude. 
Introduciendo, ger. introducing, bringing to notice. From Intro- 

ducir, v.a. to present. 
Introdugeron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they introduced. From Introducir, 

v.a. to bring to notice. 

M. 

Manifestando, ger. manifesting, discovering. From Manifestar, v. a. 
to declare. 

Manifestation, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they manifested. From Manifesto? f 
v.a. to show, to evince. 

Manifestemos, subj.pre. 1 pn.pl. we may manifest, or let us mani- 
fest. From Manrfebtarjf v.a. to show. 

Menospreciando, ger. dc pising, disdaining. From Despreciar, v.a. 
to contemn. 

N. 

Necesitaron, ind.pret.3pn.pl. they wanted. From Mcesitar, v.n. 

to be in want of. 
Necesitasen, subj.3 impf.3pn.pl. they should, could, or would want. 

From Necesitar, v.n. to be in want of. 

0. 

Gcasionaba, ind.impf.3 pn.sin. it, he, or she occasioned. From 
Qcasionar, v.a. to cause. 



VERBS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 225 

P. 

Pereceremos, ind.futr.ljm.pl. we shall perish. From Perecer, vx. 

to be destroyed. 
Precipitaremos, ind.futr.l pn.pl. we shall, or will precipitate. 

From Precipitar, v.a. to precipitate. 

R. 

Recompensaron, ind.pret.3jpn.pl. they rewarded. From Recompezv- 

sar, v.a. to reward. 
Resplandecieron, ind.pret.Spn.pl. they shone. From Resplandecer, 

v.a. to be brilliant. 

S. 

Sobrellevaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they bore. From Sobrellevar, v.a. 

to inure to hardships, to ease other persons' burdens. 
Sobrepujasen, subj.3 impf.3 pn.pl. they should excel. From Sobre- 

pujar, v.a. to exceed. 
Sobrepujemos, subj.preA pn.pl. we may excel, or let us excel, or 

be superior to. From Sobrepujar, v.a. to exceed. 
Solicitaban, ind.impf.3pn.pl. they solicited. From Solicitar, v.a. to 

solicit. 

T. 

Trabajaremos. ind.futr. 1 pn.pl. we shall work. From Trabajar, v.a. 
to labour. 



! 

i 4i 



WORDS OF VARIOUS SYLLABLES, 

WHICH HAVE BEEN OMITTED IN THEIR RESPECTIVE PLACES. 

Aliraana, snbs.com. f. hunting animal; such as the fox, wjld-cat, &c. 
Baja, subs.prop.m. Bashaw, the name given to the person under 

whoso absolute and barbarous administration, one of the three 

Barbary coasts is placed. 
Candia. subs.prop.m. Candia, a Greek, eminent for his generosity. 
Cochin, subs.prop.m. Cochin, a city in Hindostan, India. 
Cruel, adj. cruel, barbarous, tyrannical. 

Crueldad,,vn s.com./ cruelty, barbarous treatment, inhuman action, 
C'uanto. subscm.m. all. every thing. 
Cuanto-a, adj. as much as, as many as, all, the more. 
Cuarto. subs.com.m. quarto, a copper Spanish coin, 170 of these 

coins make a dollar. 
Cuartos, subs com.m.pl. money, cash. 
Chentola, subs.prop.f. Chentola, a patronymic name, meaning a 

native of a small village in Genoa, called Chentola. 
Diestro-a, adj. dexterous, smart, skilful, sagacious, cunning, right. 
Pona, subs.com.f. Donna, a title given to a Spanish noble lady: it 

is the feminine of Don. 
Frascon, subspropm. Frascon, a mountain in Italy. 
Gracian, subs prop. m. Gratian, a Spanish writer of great reputation. 
Haz, subs.com f. superficies, face, countenance. 
Picante, adj. sarcastic, cutting, hot. 

Proceder, subs.com.m. behaviour, conduct, manner of acting. 
Ruindad, subs.com.f. meanness, baseness, poverty, avariciousness. 
Traicion, subs.com f. treason, (the want of fidelity to a govern- 
ment, or loyaity to a king.) 
Trecho, subs.com.m. space, distance, situation, plight. 
Treinta, adj.num. thirty. 

Triunfo, subs.com.m. triumph, victory, trophy, slap, trump. 
Trueque, subs.com.m. exchange. Ji Trueque, by the loss, provided, 

in order, exchanging. 



LB S '20 



